不同碳源对粘性红酵母WP3生长及类胡萝卜素产量的影响

研究了不同碳源及含量对粘性红酵母（Rhodotorula mucilaginosa）WP3生长及类胡萝卜素积累的影响。结果表明,在所研究的碳源中,葡萄糖有利于生长,而果糖有利于类胡萝卜素积累。在碳源含量为40 g/L,果糖和葡萄糖比例为7∶1,果糖含量为35 g/L,葡萄糖含量为5 g/L时,粘性红酵母WP3的生物量为7.94,类胡萝卜素产量达到556.84 μg/L,对粘性红酵母生长及类胡萝卜素合成有利。     

不同氮源对黏性红酵母WP3生长及类胡萝卜素产量的影响

为了研究同氮源及含量对黏性红酵母(Rhodotorula mucilaginosa)WP3生长及类胡萝卜素积累的影响,从不同氮源入手,应用单因素法研究了不同氮源和氮源含量对细胞生长和类胡萝卜素合成的影响,还应用不同比例法对铵态氮和硝态氮的最适比进行了研究。结果表明,在所研究的氮源中,硝酸钾有利于生长,而氯化铵有利于类胡萝卜素积累。在氮含量为0.9 g/L,铵态氮和硝态氮比例为3∶1,即铵态氮为0.675 g/L,硝态氮为0.225 g/L时,黏性红酵母WP3的生物量为8.84,类胡萝卜素产量达到最大,为645.8973μg/L,对黏性红酵母生长及类胡萝卜素合成有利。     

海洋红酵母产类胡萝卜素的研究

从海洋中筛选出1株产类胡萝卜素能力较强的红酵母RY-8。研究了不同碳源、氮源、装液量和pH值对菌株RY-8生物量和产类胡萝卜素的影响，并通过正交试验优化其产类胡萝卜素的发酵条件。结果表明，红酵母菌株RY-8产类胡萝卜素的最佳发酵条件为：葡萄糖25g/L，酵母膏10g／L，装液量60mL/250mL，pH值6．0。在此优化条件下，红酵母RY-8的生物量和类胡萝卜素产量分别为48．8g／L和4．76mg／L，依次比初始产量提高了20．8％和38．4％。     

红酵母发酵生产麦角固醇的研究

采用筛选到的一株红酵母发酵生产麦角固醇，对其发酵特性进行了详细研究，这株红酵母生长比较缓慢，20h左右开始快速生长，麦角固醇含量最高达3．612g／100g干菌体，100mL发酵液可以获得0．3383g麦角固醇。     

红酵母生产类胡萝卜素5L流加发酵的动力学研究

在前期三角瓶发酵培养的基础上,研究了利用红酵母生产类胡萝卜素在5L发酵罐中的培养.比较了不同的补糖方式、不同pH及不同溶氧条件下红酵母生物量、类胡萝卜素含量和类胡萝卜素产量,结果表明,对于三种条件过高或过低的值都不利于类胡萝卜素产量的提高.最终得出最佳条件应为:总糖浓度80g/L,并且糖的补给方式应为流加,发酵过程中糖浓度应保持在1020g/L之间,酵母粉20g/L,pH为6.0,DO值维持在15%25%之间.为了更好的掌握微生物生长和类胡萝卜素产生的动态过程,利用MATLAB软件对发酵过程进行研究,实验数据采用三次实验结果的平均值,建立了红酵母生长动力学模型和类胡萝卜素形成的动力学模型.比较拟合值和实验值表明拟和模型能较好反映类胡萝卜素分批发酵过程.     

红酵母及红酵母产类胡萝卜素研究进展

类胡萝卜素是安全有效的营养添加剂,因此被广泛用作药品、食品的着色剂和营养强化剂及饲料添加剂等。本文评述了红酵母利用农副产品和工业废料发酵产类胡萝卜素的研究进展,对影响类胡萝卜素产量和酵母生物量的多种因素进行了探讨。以廉价的农副产品作为营养源可降低成本,实现工业废料的资源化利用,减少对环境的污染,具有实际意义和社会意义。     

产类胡萝卜素酵母菌的筛选及色素稳定性分析

该研究从赤霞珠酿酒葡萄表皮分离高产类胡萝卜素的酵母菌株,并研究了温度、氧化剂、还原剂及酸度调节剂等因素对菌株所产类胡萝卜素稳定性的影响。结果表明,从酿酒葡萄表皮分离到6株产类胡萝卜素较强的酵母菌,其中酵母菌Y7在以葡萄糖为碳源、蛋白胨为氮源的液体培养基中类胡萝卜素产量较高。经形态观察、生理生化特性和ITS基因序列分析鉴定,菌株Y7属于粘红酵母（Rhodotorula glutinis）。酵母菌生产色素的基本稳定性良好,但高温（＞40 ℃）、添加氧化剂（H2O2）、还原剂（亚硫酸钠、抗坏血酸）和酸度调节剂（柠檬酸、柠檬酸钠）使其稳定性下降,但影响较小,加入苹果酸和氢氧化钠对类胡萝卜素有增色的效果。研究结果将为粘红酵母Y7在类胡萝卜素商业化生产中的应用提供参考。     

高产类胡萝卜素红酵母的筛选及其发酵条件

通过对数株红酵母培养后发酵液中菌体生物量及类胡萝卜素含量的测定比较,从中选出了1株产类胡萝卜素能力较强的红酵母RY-98;研究了该菌株产类胡萝卜素的最适碳源和氮源,并对其主要营养与环境条件进行了选择及优化,获得了最佳发酵条件葡萄糖40g/L、(NH     

低频磁场对紫色红曲菌液态发酵产麦角固醇的影响

探讨低频磁场处理对紫色红曲菌(Monascus purpurcus)发酵产麦角固醇的影响,确定最佳处理条件。分别研究低频磁场强度、处理时间和处理时期对紫色红曲霉液态发酵产麦角固醇的影响规律,探讨在最佳处理条件下,磁场对紫色红曲霉麦角固醇代谢过程的影响和紫色红曲霉的生物量在整个发酵周期的变化,及对紫红曲霉其他主要代谢物的影响。结果表明:低频磁场处理紫色红曲菌的最适条件为磁场强度1.2 mT、处理时间2 d、处理时期在发酵0~2 d,在发酵第12天,麦角固醇产量达到了7.08 mg/g,生物量达到3.2 g/L,比对照组分别增加了62.5%和31.68%。低频磁场是提高紫色红曲菌生产麦角固醇产量的有效手段,研究为低频磁场辅助微生物发酵,提高有益产物的合成提供了数据支持。     

粘红酵母发酵生产红色素及其稳定性研究

该文研究了碳源、氮源、温度、pH、无机离子等对红色素的产生量及粘红酵母生长的影响，获得较佳粘红酵母发酵生产天然红色素的工艺条件。并研究了光、热、山梨酸钾、Vc对产生的红色素稳定性的影响，获得了粘红酵母生产红色素稳定应用条件。     

Activation of torularhodin production by Rhodotorula glutinis using weak white light irradiation

The effects of the irradiation of weak white light on the growth of the red yeast Rhodotorula glutinis and its production of carotenoids were investigated. The ability of beta-carotene and torularhodin, which are final products of carotenoid biosynthesis in R. glutinis, to quench singlet oxygen has also been investigated. Weak white light irradiation that has no effect on the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae inhibited the growth of R. glutinis. Simultaneously, the production of torularhodin by R. glutinis markedly increased. In a mutant of R. glutinis, which exhibited increased production of torularhodin, an increase in torularhodin production was shown as a result of light irradiation during the logarithmic growth phase. An experiment using 3-(1,4-epidioxyl-4-methyl-1,4-dehydro-1-naphtyl) propionic acid clarified that torularhodin inhibited 2,5-diphenyl-3,4-benzofran decomposition by singlet oxygen quenching more strongly than did beta-carotene. This result is consistent with the report that carotenoids having a longer polyene chain may exhibit a more potent ability to quench singlet oxygen. These results suggest that the biosynthesis of carotenoids in R. glutinis may play an important role in protecting against oxidative damage caused by light irradiation, and in particular, torularhodin which has a potent singlet oxygen quenching ability may be important. We suggest that acquisition of the ability to produce torularhodin may be an important property for this yeast to promote its wider distribution in the natural world.     

粘红酵母CA815固态发酵废弃烟梗产油脂的Plackett-Burman优化

目的资源化利用废弃烟梗(waste tobacco stem,WTS)并获取微生物油脂的廉价发酵基质。方法以一株粘红酵母(Rhodotorula glutinis)CA815为出发菌株,采用摇瓶方式固态发酵WTS,发酵后加入适量生理盐水并混合均匀,双层纱布过滤获得固态发酵的酵母生物量,采用酸热法提取酵母细胞油脂;采用Plackett-Burman(PB)实验设计法对影响微生物油脂产生的相关因素进行方差及贡献率分析。结果 PB试验结果统计学分析表明:在选择的11个相关因素中,酵母粉、蛋白胨和培养时间是影响酵母油脂产量的3个关键供试因素,粘红酵母CA815生物量最高值可达79.00 mg/g,油脂的最高产量可达4.633?g/g。结论粘红酵母CA815以WTS为主要基质,通过添加适量酵母粉和蛋白胨、优化培养时间,既可资源化利用WTS,又可通过固态发酵的方式获得微生物油脂。     

重离子辐照对红酵母的诱变作用

应用重离子加速器的 5 0MeV/u12 C6+ 重离子对胡萝卜素生产菌 -红酵母(RhodotorulaRYStrain )进行辐照处理 ,经酵母发酵实验 ,发现 5 0MeV/u12 C6+ 重离子对胡萝卜素生产菌———红酵母具有诱变作用 ,并初步筛选到产胡萝卜素有较大变化的辐照变异菌株 ,为工业上利用重离子对胡萝卜素生产菌进行诱变育种展现新的前景     

Multiple tolerance of Rhodotorula glutinis R-1 to acid, aluminum ion and manganese ion, and its unusual ability of neutralizing acidic medium

A red yeast isolated from the acidic water of Kusatsu hot spring could grow in an acidic medium of pH 1.5 and was identified as Rhodotorula glutinis. Electron microscope observations (scanning electron microscopy [SEM] and transmission electron microscopy [TEM]) showed that cell envelope became wrinkled and thick as the pH values of media became lower. The cell membrane grown at pH 1.5 was about four times as thick as that grown at pH 6.0. It was suggested that the change of cell envelope plays an important role in the acid tolerance. Cellular proteins at pH 1.5 appeared to be different from those at pH 6.0 and the amounts of phospholipids and non-phospholipids increased and decreased under low pH conditions, respectively. The acid-tolerant yeast also showed strong resistance to both aluminum and manganese ions. An acidic medium (pH 3.0) containing these ions (100 mM) was shifted to neutral pH by long-term cultivation of the red yeast, suggesting the potential of using this yeast in the bioremediation of acidic soil containing these ions at a high level.     

Intracellular physiological events of yeast Rhodotorula glutinis during storage at +4 degrees C

Samples of the cheese yeast Rhodotorula glutinis were analysed during storage at +4 degrees C for cultivability, viability, vitality (metabolic activity), membrane potential state, intracellular pH, and carbohydrate content. The results have allowed to describe cellular events occurring during storage. The loss of vitality came with the decrease of carbohydrate content. The fall of trehalose content under a threshold value induced the deterioration of the membrane potential. Later, when all the cells were depolarised, the intracellular pH decreased and the cultivability dropped, whereas viable cells still decreased slowly. Then, it led to an intermediate physiological state similar to the viable but non-cultivable state. Finally, the fall of viability dropped. In this work, we have defined rapid methods relevant to describe the sequence of intracellular events in the cheese yeast R. glutinis during storage, and we applied them to understand the weak vitality without fall of viability of yeast samples. These methods might allow to rapidly test yeast sample quality before use and to predict, at the moment of the harvesting, the conservation of the yeast.     

红曲红添加量对猪肉肌原纤维蛋白功能性质和结构的影响

探究红曲红添加量对猪肉肌原纤维蛋白(myofibrillar protein,MP)功能特性的影响,为低硝肉制品的开发提供理论依据。以红曲红添加量(质量分数)0、0.1%、0.15%、0.2%、0.25%处理猪背最长肌,考察猪肉MP功能指标和分子结构的变化。结果表明,随着红曲红添加量增加,MP的溶解性、乳化性、巯基含量、储能模量均先升高后降低,羰基含量和表面疏水性则先下降后上升,红外光谱分析表明,α-螺旋含量随着红曲红添加量的增加先增大后减小,β-折叠、β-转角以及无规则卷曲含量则呈先减小后增大。因此,降低亚硝酸钠使用量会严重影响MP的功能性质,红曲红添加量过低或过高MP的功能特性均不佳,红曲红添加量为0.15%时,能显著改善低硝条件下MP的功能性质(P<0.05)。     

INFLUENCE OF NICOTINE AND DIPHENYLAMINE ON THE CAROTENOID COMPOSITION OF RHODOTORULA STRAINS

In order to obtain commercially interesting carotenoid profiles, the effect of supplementation with diphenylamine (DPA) and nicotine in the culture media of Rhodotorula rubra and Rhodotorula glutinis was studied. Fermentation experiments were carried out in flasks. The carotenoids were extracted with ethyl acetate by physical disruption, and analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography using a reversed‐phase column. At subinhibitory levels, both the inhibitors showed no effect on yeast growth for the two strains. Only R. rubra produced more carotenoids when 5 μmol of DPA was added to the broth, 155.8 μg/g of dry weight. For both strains, supplementation with 5 μmol DPA caused a significant reduction in the torularhodin/torulene ratio, from 1.5 to 0.5 for R. rubra, and from 0.8 to 0.5 for R. glutinis. With 10 μmol of this inhibitor, an accumulation of β‐carotene occurred from 13 to 47% in R. rubra, and from 36 to 43% in R. glutinis. Supplementation with nicotine resulted in the selective biosynthesis of lycopene (up to 93.8 μg/g) and the formation of a minor carotenoid, tentatively identified as 3,4‐didehydrolycopene, not previously related to Rhodotorula spp.     

Toxicity effects of fungicide residues on the wine-producing process

We report the detection of several fungicide residues (Dichlofluanid, Benomyl, Iprodione, Procymidone and Vinclozolin) in red and white bottled wines from two Portuguese wine-producing zones. Studies were done in order to evaluate the active compound transfer percentage from grapes to the final product along fermentation process. We also investigated their effects in Saccharomyces and non-Saccharomyces yeasts as well as their influence on the physical, chemical and organoleptic wine properties. All the tested fungicides had a negative effect on in vitro yeast growth, with Dichlofluanid and Benomyl being the most toxic. Zygosaccharomyces rouxii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were the most resistant yeasts while Rhodotorula glutinis was the most susceptible. Microvinification experiments carried out in the presence of fungicides produced wine samples with unaltered physical, chemical and organoleptic properties, though Benomyl, a slight delay in the initiation of fermentation process was observed.