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为筛选出具有自主知识产权且可应用于葡萄果汁加工产业的新品种(系),以28个沈阳农业大学选育出的新品种(系)及8份保存的葡萄品种资源为试材,通过分析葡萄汁色泽、出汁率、固酸比、单宁含量等指标,结合葡萄汁风味、香气、涩味等感官评价,对自育葡萄品种(系)与国外制汁葡萄品种康可、康拜尔等品种的果汁进行了综合比较。结果表明:大部分供试品种(系)的出汁率可达80%以上;红艳香、巨玫瑰、沈农金皇后等27个品种香味怡人,其中巨玫瑰、红艳香呈浓玫瑰香味,沈农金皇后有蜂蜜香味。所选用的自育品系中优系08-88原花青素含量高,果汁颜色紫红;优系19-10单宁含量较高。综合评价分析认为,红艳香、巨玫瑰、沈农金皇后、912-9、912-24、21-3、19-10出汁率高、颜色艳丽、香味浓郁,无明显异味,具有较好的制汁特性。 相似文献
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为筛选出适宜制醋的南瓜品种、了解灰色关联度分析和聚类分析在南瓜制醋特性比较中的应用效果,本文以青岛农业科学院提供的21个南瓜品种和市售4个南瓜品种为试验材料,运用相关性分析、灰色关联度分析和聚类分析等分析方法对不同品种南瓜制醋特性进行比较。结果表明:南瓜果实单果重与果实厚度、出汁率和还原糖含量呈显著正相关关系,与总糖含量呈显著负相关关系;通过聚类分析可将25个南瓜品种分为5大类群,第Ⅰ类群中的X2、X10、X16、X17、X20和X21符合\"理想品种\"特性,属于高还原糖、高总糖、高出汁率和高胡萝卜素含量的南瓜品种,其营养物质易于被微生物利用发酵,产醋酸含量高,是适于制醋的南瓜品种。研究结果为我国南瓜加工业优良原料品种的选择与选育提供一定理论依据。 相似文献
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对6个梨杂交组合的90株杂交后代果实制汁特性进行研究。结果表明:褐变轻的后代数所占比例为4.4%;适合加工清汁的杂交后代所占比例为68.8%;适合加工浊汁的杂交后代所占比例为31.2%。出汁率变化范围为27.1%-85.4%,平均值为50.3%;可溶性固形物含量变化范围为9.0%-16.0%,平均值为11.7%;酸度的变化范围为0.149%~0.847%,平均值为0.290%;色值的变化范围为2.9%-63.6%,平均值为38.0%;透光率的变化范围为57.2%~96.5%。平均值为76.7%。杂交后代A46、果汁颜色淡黄色,色值61.9%,透光率95.2%,出汁率85.4%,可溶性固形物含量11.5%,酸度0.251%,综合制汁适性最佳。 相似文献
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模糊概率值法在烤烟品种(系)综合评价中的应用探讨 总被引:11,自引:3,他引:11
简要介绍了模糊概率值法的基本原理、方法和使用步骤,并以1997~1998年的烤烟品种(系)比较试验资料为例,探讨了该法在烤烟品种(系)综合评价中的应用.实例分析结果表明,依据该法所进行的综合评价结果与品种(系)的实际表现完全吻合.与常规方法相比,模糊概率值法大大减少了运算量,是一种客观、有效地进行综合评价的定量方法. 相似文献
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为研究不同马铃薯品种(系)加工面条的适宜性,以13个旱作品种(系)的新鲜马铃薯为原料制备马铃薯面条,在对13个不同品种(系)基本成分分析和比较的基础上,以纯小麦为对照,研究不同品种(系)马铃薯对面条感官、蒸煮和质构特性的影响。结果表明,不同品种(系)马铃薯面条的感官、蒸煮和质构特性存在显著差异性(P<0.05)。感官综合评分较高的品种(系)是陇薯9号、中薯18号、LY08104-12、L1036-34、天薯11号;断条率较低的品种是陇薯7号、陇薯9号、陇薯11号、陇薯14号、天薯11号;蒸煮损失率较小的品种(系)是天薯11号、L1027-10、中薯18号、L1036-34、L1149-2;硬度、弹性和咀嚼性较好的品种(系)是L1149-2、陇薯7号、陇薯14号、青薯9号、中薯18号。综合评价面条的感官、蒸煮和质构特性,供试的13个品种(系)中,陇薯9号、天薯11号、中薯18号和新品系L1036-34、L1149-2表现较好,制得的面条感官品质较好,硬度适中,口感劲道,质构品质也较优。与CK相比,所筛选品种制得的面条感官评分范围为82.98~88.66分,较CK降低5.31~11.34个百分点;断条率与CK相当;损失率范围为2.44%~4.76%,较CK高出1.86~4.18个百分点;面条的质构特性与CK之间不存在显著差异(P<0.05)。 相似文献
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138个小麦品种(系)戊聚糖含量的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了了解小麦品种戊聚糖含量及其变化情况,选用138个小麦品种(系)作为试验材料,分析其籽粒总戊聚糖、水溶性戊聚糖和非水溶性戊聚糖含量。结果表明,总戊聚糖、水溶性和非水溶性戊聚糖质量分数的平均值分别为7.62%、1.08%和6.54%,变幅分别为5.76%~9.69%、0.62%~1.73%和4.69%~8.78%,标准差和变异系数分别为0.89、0.21、0.87和11.66%、18.98%、13.30%。总戊聚糖与水溶性戊聚糖含量呈显著正相关,总戊聚糖与非水溶性戊聚糖含量呈极显著正相关。采用最长距离法对参试的138个小麦品种籽粒的总戊聚糖、水溶性以及非水溶性戊聚糖含量进行聚类分析,结果聚为四类。同时,在本试验中,来源于豫、鲁及北方地区品种(系)的戊聚糖平均含量高于来源于苏、皖及长江流域地区品种(系),国外品种(系)的戊聚糖平均含量低于国内品种(系)。 相似文献
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Brief periods of hypoxia at ambient temperatures (20 °C) have potential for disinfestation treatments or as pre‐treatments to maintain fruit quality during extended storage. Nine cultivars of apple (Cox's Orange Pippin, Fuji, Golden Delicious, Granny Smith, Pacific Rose, Red Delicious, Royal Gala, Splendour and Southern Snap) were exposed to hypoxia using an atmosphere of 100% carbon dioxide for 24 h at 20 °C. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of volatile compounds were undertaken after removal of fruits from a high‐carbon‐dioxide atmosphere and during 1 week at 20 °C. Concentrations of acetaldehdye, ethanol, ethyl acetate and ethyl esters were consistently enhanced by hypoxia, while concentrations of acetate esters and aldehydes were depressed. Cultivars varied considerably in response to high carbon dioxide, with Cox's Orange Pippin and Golden Delicious having the least and Fuji and Red Delicious the greatest enhancement in ethyl esters. Fruits exposed to hypoxia had larger odour unit scores than control fruits, suggesting that such changes in volatile concentration may affect aroma and/or flavour. Enhanced ethyl ester concentrations in fruits exposed to hypoxia may be due to increases in ethanol concentration that competitively inhibit formation of non‐ethyl esters. There may also have been a change in ester‐forming enzyme activity and/or substrate specificity of the volatile biosynthetic pathway. This study has shown that short‐term exposure to hypoxia has the potential to change the aroma/flavour of apples. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Beatriz Calderon-Lopez James A. Bartsch Chang Y. Lee Chris B. Watkins 《Journal of food science》2005,70(3):S221-S227
ABSTRACT: The effects of 1 -methylcyclopropene (1 -MCP) treatment of whole fruit on the subsequent quality and shelf-life of fresh-cut apple slices have been investigated. 'Delicious,' Empire, 'Idared', Law Rome, and 'Mutsu' apples were treated at 0.5°C with 1 μL/L of 1 -MCP for 24 h and stored in air 1 and 4 mo before being used for preparation of slices. 1-MCP reduced internal ethylene concentrations and maintained firmness of the whole fruit in'Delicious,' Empire, and 'Idared', but not consistently for 'Law Rome' and 'Mutsu.' Slices prepared from fruit of cultivars that responded to 1 -MCP had lower ethylene production rates and were firmer than those from untreated fruits. However, 1-MCP treatment did not consistently affect the extent of browning or aroma volatile concentrations. In cultivars in which treatment of apples with 1-MCP at harvest maintained the original fresh quality of intact fruit by suppressing ethylene production, fruit were firmer, and thus a superior fresh- cut product with an extended shelf-life potential was obtained. However, in general, slices prepared from untreated and 1-MCP-treated fruit deteriorated at similar rates. 相似文献
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Betemps DL Fachinello JC Galarça SP Portela NM Remorini D Massai R Agati G 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2012,92(9):1855-1864
BACKGROUND: The detection of pigments and colourless flavonoids in apples can provide a useful indication of fruit quality. Optical methods are preferable because they are fast and non‐destructive. In this study, a fluorescence‐based portable sensor was used in order to non‐invasively determine the content of chlorophylls, anthocyanins and flavonols in Fuji, Granny Smith and Golden Delicious apple cultivars. The aim was to define new non‐destructive optical indices of apple quality. RESULTS: The anthocyanin index (ANTH) in Fuji was higher in the sunny (i.e. sun‐exposed) side of the fruit compared to the shady side. For all cultivars, the flavonol index (FLAV) was higher in the sunny side compared with the shady side. The chlorophyll index (CHL) for the shady sides of Granny Smith and Golden Delicious was significantly higher than for the sunny sides. Fine linear regressions were found between the ANTH, FLAV and CHL indices and the actual anthocyanin, flavonol and chlorophyll concentrations, respectively, which were determined destructively on the apple peel extracts. A negative correlation was found between the apple sugar content and the chlorophyll fluorescence in the far‐red spectral band. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that a single multiparametric fluorescence‐based sensor can provide valuable non‐destructive markers of ripening and quality in apples. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Maja Mikulic Petkovsek Ana Slatnar Franci Stampar Robert Veberic 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2010,90(14):2366-2378
BACKGROUND: Phenolics in fruit may be influenced by the fruit type, cultivation conditions of a plant, climatic conditions, growing season, storage conditions, and industrial processing. The aim of this study was to compare single phenolic compounds, total phenolics and antioxidant capacity of four varieties of apple grown under organic and integrated conditions over a 2‐year period. RESULTS: Several different phenolic compounds belonging to the groups of hydroxycinnamic acids, flavanols, dihydrochalcones, flavonols and anthocyanins were quantified. The levels of all analysed groups of phenolics were higher (not always significantly) in the organically grown apple leaves and fruit than in the leaves or apples from integrated production. Leaves from organic trees had 10–20% higher content levels of total phenols than the leaves from trees in the integrated growing system. In both years, organic production affected the increase in the antioxidant activity of apple peel. Organic apples have higher total phenolic content than the integrated grown ones. CONCLUSION: Cultivation type had an important influence on the polyphenolic level and antioxidant capacity of the apple fruits and leaves. Apples from organic production showed a higher content of hydroxycinnamic acids, flavanols, dihydrochalcones, quercetins and total phenolics than apples from integrated cultivation. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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以富士和金冠苹果果实为试材,研究了冷藏和乙烯处理对其果实软化过程糖代谢及关键基因表达变化的影响。结果表明,随果实软化淀粉含量及淀粉酶(AM)活性的变化在品种间的差异显著,2 m L/L乙烯利和0.5μL/L 1-MCP处理分别显著促进和抑制了Md AM基因的表达,在富士上表现在贮藏后期,而对金冠的影响则表现在贮藏前期,0℃冷藏均显著抑制了两品种果实Md AM的基因表达,表明淀粉降解参与了苹果果实的软化进程,显著受到低温和乙烯的调节。可溶性糖中,蔗糖含量显著增加,并显著受乙烯和低温的影响,其中SPS在采后果实糖代谢中的作用强于SS和AI,SPS活性和Md SPS基因表达亦显著受到乙烯利的促进和1-MCP的抑制,且对金冠的影响强于富士,低温下果实糖含量及酶活性变化较小,Md SPS基因表达显著受到抑制,表明蔗糖积累和SPS与采后苹果糖代谢和果实软化的关系较为密切。 相似文献
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John W Palmer F Roger Harker D Stuart Tustin Jason Johnston 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2010,90(15):2586-2594
BACKGROUND: In the fresh apple market fruit must be crisp and juicy to attract buyers to purchase again. However, recent studies have shown that consumer acceptability could be further enhanced by improving taste. This study evaluates the use of fruit dry matter concentration (DMC) as a new fruit quality metric for apple. RESULTS: Fruit samples collected at harvest, in the two main fruit growing regions of New Zealand, showed a variation in mean fruit DMC from 130 to 156 g kg?1 with ‘Royal Gala’ and with ‘Scifresh’ from 152 to 176 g kg?1. Individual fruit DMC showed a larger range, from 108 to 189 g kg?1 with ‘Royal Gala’ and from 125 to 201 g kg?1 with ‘Scifresh’. Fruit DMC proved a more reliable predictor of total soluble solids after 12 weeks of air storage at 0.5 °C than TSS at harvest for both ‘Royal Gala’ and ‘Scifresh’. Fruit DMC was also positively related to flesh firmness, although this relationship was not as strong as that seen with soluble solids and was more dependent on cultivar. Consumer studies showed that consumer preference was positively related to fruit DMC of ‘Royal Gala’ apples. CONCLUSION: Fruit DMC can therefore be measured before or at harvest, and be used to predict the sensory potential for the fruit after storage. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献