紫外与亚硝基胍复合诱变选育高产多糖罗耳阿太菌

以实验室保存的罗耳阿太菌(Athelia rolfsii)为出发菌株,分别采用紫外线(UV)和亚硝基胍(NTG)诱变方法选育高产多糖菌株。与出发菌株相比,紫外诱变菌株多糖产量增加了10.70%,亚硝基胍诱变菌株多糖产量增加了15.78%。通过响应面设计紫外线和亚硝基胍复合诱变,得到正向突变株,其中X2突变株遗传性状稳定,多糖产量达19.868g/L,相比出发菌株增长了23.85%。     

GABA高产菌株的筛选、鉴定及诱变选育

从火龙果果实表面上筛选出一株发酵产γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)白色菌株,经形态学观察、生理生化试验和18S rDNA测序分析,鉴定为假丝酵母菌菌株(Candida.sp),命名为C2。C2作为出发菌株,分别采用紫外线(UV)和亚硝基胍(NTG)诱变方法选育高产γ-氨基丁酸菌株。与出发菌株相比,紫外诱变菌株γ-氨基丁酸产量增加了40.25%,亚硝基胍诱变菌株γ-氨基丁酸产量增加了62.83%。通过紫外线和亚硝基胍复合诱变,得到正向突变株,其中Y6突变株遗传性状稳定,γ-氨基丁酸产量达2.561 g/L,产量比诱变前提高了3.1倍。     

亚硝基胍法诱变选育高产苯乳酸菌株

以自主分离的植物乳杆菌LY-78为出发菌株,通过亚硝基胍法诱变,以抑菌效价为检测指标,采用双层平板拮抗法和牛津杯琼脂扩散法筛选突变菌株。对筛选的突变菌株进行发酵试验,采用反相高效液相色谱法定量检测苯乳酸含量,然后根据产苯乳酸含量的多少,确定最佳菌株。试验结果表明,亚硝基胍诱变质量浓度为1.0 mg/mL、诱变时间为40 min时所获得的突变菌株NY-34具有较高的苯乳酸产量,即648 mg/L,比诱变前(246 mg/L)提高2.63倍。     

高产细菌素植物乳杆菌的诱变选育研究

为获得细菌素高产菌株,以植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)JLA-9为出发菌株,对其进行亚硝基胍(NTG)诱变、常压室温等离子体(ARTP)诱变,以及基因组改组。结果表明,亚硝基胍诱变的最佳浓度为4 mg/m L,经筛选得到两株突变株N4-26、N4-27,其抑菌效价分别为2531.93、3057.32 IU/m L;常压室温等离子体诱变最佳时间为10 s,经筛选得到两株突变株ARTP10-37、ARTP10-61,其抑菌效价分别为2974.27、3261.62 IU/m L。将上述抑菌效价提高的菌株经四轮基因组改组后,得到一株突变株F4-2,其抑菌效价达到7374.76 IU/m L,相对于原始菌株提高了2.35倍,且遗传稳定性良好。研究表明理化诱变结合基因组改组的方式是快速获得理想菌株的有效方法。     

丙酸高产菌株的复合诱变选育

以费氏丙酸菌IFFI.10019为出发菌株,经2次紫外线、2次亚硝基胍、1次亚硝基胍-氯化锂多重复合诱变处理,选育获得丙酸高产菌株NL—3,丙酸产量由原来的0.20g/L,提高到1.23g/L,提高率达到515%。实验证明采用多因子复合诱变,特别是NTG-LiCl复合诱变,能有效改变菌株对诱变因素的敏感性,提高变异率,逐步提高突变株的产丙酸水平。     

产葡聚糖乳酸菌的筛选诱变及培养基的优化

从市售及实验室发酵的泡菜中分离筛选产葡聚糖的乳酸菌,获得一株葡聚糖产量为(5.24±0.14)g/L的菌株2-17,经生理生化以及16S r DNA序列同源性分析,鉴定该菌株为肠膜明串珠菌肠膜亚种。通过亚硝基胍和紫外复合诱变改善该菌株的葡聚糖产量,确定最佳复合诱变条件为:菌株在MRS培养基中培养9 h,经浓度为0.5 mg/m L亚硝基胍处理80 min,置于30 W紫外灯45 cm处照射30 s。经2轮复合诱变后,得到一突变菌株UN2-18,葡聚糖产量为(7.54±0.08)g/L,较出发菌株提高了43.89%。该突变株连续传10代后,葡聚糖产量仍维持在7.5 g/L。通过单因素试验,确定最优廉价培养基为2%豆粕(水解度10%)、10%蔗糖、2%K2HPO4,在此条件下葡聚糖产量为(34.4±0.07)g/L,较优化前提高了3.56倍。     

产γ-氨基丁酸的乳酸菌株的诱变选育

为获得γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)的高产菌株,对乳酸片球菌进行紫外线和亚硝基胍诱变及二者的复合诱变处理。以正突变为标准确定的最佳诱变条件为:紫外照射距离25cm,照射时间20s;NTG终浓度为0.3mg/mL,处理时间60min。诱变后获得了1株突变株UN-27,经连续传代10次,遗传性状稳定,平均GABA产量为5.017g/L,较初始菌株的1.062g/L提高了4.72倍。     

利用玉米浆发酵生产类胡萝卜素红酵母的诱变选育

以试验室保存的红酵母为出发菌株,利用MTG(N-甲基-N-硝基-N-亚硝基胍)诱变的方法,以获取可高效利用玉米浆发酵生产类胡萝卜素的突变株.通过筛选及连续传代试验,确定一株突变性状能稳定遗传的突变株,其类胡萝卜素产量达到13.01 mg/L,比出发菌株提高了41.72%.     

两种复合诱变方法选育掷孢酵母高产油脂菌株

以掷孢酵母(Sporobolomyces reseus)As.2.618为原始菌株,进行紫外-亚硝基胍和紫外-硫酸二乙酯两种复合诱变筛选,以获得高产油脂菌株。采用紫外-亚硝基胍复合诱变及马来酰肼初筛,突变株UV-NTG-2经摇瓶发酵复筛,生物量、油脂含量、油脂产量分别为39.01 g/L、19.83%、7.74 g/L,较原始菌株分别提高了42.42%、52.30%、116.81%。采用紫外-硫酸二乙酯复合诱变,经浅蓝菌素初筛及摇瓶复筛,突变株UV-DES-2的生物量、油脂含量、油脂产量分别为38.96g/L、20.80%、8.10 g/L,较原始菌株分别提高了42.24%、59.75%、126.89%。诱变菌株的油脂脂肪酸组成中C18∶1的相对含量较原始菌株分别提高了11.88个百分点和6.69个百分点,且C20∶1的含量降低,说明突变菌株油脂的流动性较原始菌株有所提高。经5次连续传代表明,诱变菌株遗传性状稳定。     

复合诱变法选育生产乳果糖高产菌株的研究

选育生产乳果糖的高产菌株,为生物法（酶法）合成乳果糖提供技术保障。以乳酸克鲁维酵母变种（JN-187）为出发菌,经紫外线诱变选育出水解活性最高的JU74—09突变菌株;然后以JU74—09菌株为出发菌,经亚硝基胍（NTG）诱变选育出转糖基活性最高的JN91—08突变菌株;该菌株经7次传代实验,显示出良好的遗传稳定性。说明紫外线诱变与亚硝基胍（NTG）复合诱变是一种行之有效的用于生产乳果糖菌株选育的诱变方法。     

南瓜籽油中高产CLA菌株的筛选鉴定及培养条件的优化

从泡菜中筛选到一株高产共轭亚油酸(Conjugated Linoleic Acid,CLA)的菌株.经生理生化鉴定及16S rDNA序列分析,鉴定为嗜酸乳杆菌,命名为L44.为了提高南瓜籽油中共轭亚油酸的产量,对嗜酸乳杆菌的培养条件进行优化,采用5因素进行单因素试验设计,然后通过二次旋转组合设计进行优化.确定最优组合为培养时间24h,培养温度37℃,pH值7,接种量10％,装液量150mL,同时所得CLA产量从95.1425μg/mL提高为107.0989μg/mL.     

产共轭亚油酸植物乳杆菌的筛选、鉴定与诱变

从传统泡菜中筛选得到1 株乳酸菌lp15 能够合成共轭亚油酸(CLA),经16S rRNA 全序列分析法和API 系统鉴定法鉴定为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)。利用人工诱变方法,以lp15 为出发菌株,采用紫外线、硫酸二乙酯(DES)依次诱变处理,经进一步液体发酵复筛获得多株突变菌株,CLA合成能力较出发菌株提高了29.3%～52.2%。其中lp15-2-1 突变菌株为CLA 生成能力最高菌株,MRS 培养液中添加0.2mg/mL LA 培养48h,CLA 产量达30.13μg/mL。经气相色谱(GC)检测分析,产物中cis9, trans11- 共轭亚油酸(c9, t11-CLA)占76.5%,trans10, cis12-共轭亚油酸(t10,c12-CLA)占23.5%。     

Formation of conjugated linoleic acid by a Lactobacillus plantarum strain isolated from an artisanal cheese: Evaluation in miniature cheeses

Among 129 lactic acid bacteria previously isolated from raw-milk starter-free cheeses manufactured in Galicia (NW Spain), two strains of Lactobacillus plantarum were definitely recognised as producers of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Gas chromatography analysis identified cis-9, trans-11 C18:2 as the predominant CLA isomer formed in MRS broth supplemented with linoleic acid. A centrifugation-based model for the manufacture of miniature cheeses was used to evaluate the formation of CLA by Lb. plantarum L200, the highest producer of CLA in MRS broth. The miniature cheeses made with the addition of the L200 strain showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher contents of cis-9, trans-11 CLA than those of the control cheeses (1.09 versus 0.69 percentage of total fatty acids, respectively). These results suggest that Lb. plantarum L200 strain could be used as an adjunct culture to slightly increase the concentrations of CLA in short-ripened cows' milk cheeses.     

产共轭亚油酸丙酸菌的筛选及转化条件初探

通过富集培养、梯度密度稀释和液体培养发酵,采用紫外分光光度法测定共轭亚油酸(CLA),从市售奶酪中筛选获得1株转化生成CLA能力相对较高的菌株P9:考察了菌体接种量、亚油酸(LA)的添加量、反应温度、反应体系pH值以及乳化剂种类等因素对菌株P9 CLA生成量的影响.通过对菌株P9的菌落和形态特征、产丙酸特性及生理生化特性分析,初步鉴定该菌株为费氏丙酸杆菌(Propionibacterium frudenreichii).研究结果显示,菌株P9在菌体接种量10%(v/v),LA添加量0.75mg/mL,pH值为6.8,反应温度30℃,Tween-80作为乳化剂的条件下,CLA生成量为63.371μg/mL,亚油酸转化率为8.45%,表现出较好的产共轭亚油酸能力.     

产共轭亚油酸鼠李糖乳杆菌的筛选与鉴定

从东北传统酸菜汁中筛选出具有产共轭亚油酸(CLA)能力的乳酸菌菌株15株,采用紫外分光度计法测定发酵液中共轭亚油酸产量,其中菌株A53.2的产量最高,在MRS培养基中添加0.4mg/mL亚油酸(LA),37℃发酵24h,CLA产量达14.91μg/mL。通过对菌体的形态特征和生化特性分析,并结合16SrDNA分子生物学以及系统发育分析鉴定菌株A53.2为鼠李糖乳杆菌。     

瘤胃中干酪乳杆菌的亚油酸异构酶基因的克隆与表达

以从黄牛瘤胃中分离到的一株具有将亚油酸转化为c9,t11-共轭亚油酸(conjugated linoleic acid,CLA)的干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus casei)Fx为出发菌株,提取其基因组DNA,聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)扩增得到1 700 bp大小的亚油酸异构酶(linoleic acid isomerase,LAI)基因片段,将该基因片段纯化后进行TA克隆,得到重组质粒p UCm-T-LAI,将重组质粒p UCm-T-LAI和表达质粒p ET-Dsb A同时进行双酶切,连接得到重组表达载体p ET-Dsb A-LAI,经PCR鉴定和酶切后,将重组表达载体转化到大肠杆菌BL21中,得到具有LAI活性的重组菌株,能将亚油酸转化为c9,t11-CLA,表明从Lactobacillus casei Fx成功克隆LAI,该研究将有助于深入了解不同瘤胃细菌特异性合成不同CLA异构体的LAI基因差异。     

Increase of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Content in Milk by Fermentation with Lactic Acid Bacteria

ABSTRACT: The objectives of this study were to identify the factors and procedures responsible for increasing the conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content in fermented milk. Fourteen lactic acid bacteria were screened for CLA-producing ability using sunflower oil (containing 70% linoleic acid) as a substrate. Among the screened strains, Lactococcus lactis I-01 showed the highest CLA-producing ability. The optimal concentration of sunflower oil for CLA production was 0.1 g/L in whole milk, which accounted for 0.25% of total milk fat. Our results demonstrated that CLA formation in fermented milk could be affected by numerous factors such as bacterial strain, cell number, optimal substrate concentration, and the period of incubation at neutral pH.     

定向进化植物乳杆菌和痤疮丙酸杆菌高产共轭亚油酸

为获得高产共轭亚油酸（conjugated linoleic acid，CLA）的菌株，对亚油酸异构酶系植物乳杆菌的肌球蛋白交叉反应抗原（myosin-cross-reactive antigen，MCRA）基因mcra和痤疮丙酸杆菌的亚油酸异构酶基因lai-p进行克隆，克隆成功后连接到骨架质粒pCold-SUMO上构建两种含mcra基因和lai-p基因的大肠杆菌重组菌株，利用异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷低温诱导阳性重组菌蛋白表达，十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳验证得到目的蛋白表达条带，说明两种基因表达成功。采用易错聚合酶链式反应定向进化mcra基因和lai-p基因，构建重组菌突变体库，利用流式细胞术分选获得吸光度提高和CLA产量提高的重组菌株，其中pCold-ycmcra-gfp重组菌243 株，吸光度最高的为155号菌1.050 6±0.000 4，提高了5.02 倍；pCold-yclai-p-gfp重组菌156 株，产量最高的为39号菌（11.62±0.003 6）μg/mL，提高了2.99 倍。本研究为后期深入了解突变菌株CLA产量提高的原因，并获得两种亚油酸异构酶的产酶机制奠定了一定基础。     

Conjugated linoleic acid conversion by six Lactobacillus plantarum strains cultured in MRS broth supplemented with sunflower oil and soymilk

Six strains of Lactobacillus plantarum, isolated from traditional dairy products of minority nationalities, were evaluated for their ability to produce conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) from free linoleic acid in vitro. All the 6 strains were found to be capable of converting linoleic acid to CLA when using sunflower oil as substrate or during soymilk fermentation. The inhibitory effect of linoleic acid on the growth of the L. plantarum was also discussed. The production of CLA was increased with adding high concentration of substrate in sunflower oil and IMAU60042 produced the highest CLA both in sunflower oil and soymilk. The CLA was composted by 2 isomers: cis9, trans11-CLA and tran10, cis12-CLA, and cis9, tran s11-CLA covered the most part of the total CLA formed except for L. plantarum P8. The production of CLA was decreased during the storage of fermented soymilk. The CLA contents decreased significantly in the first week, also more quickly in 2 wk. Especially, tran10, cis12-CLA decreased more rapidly than cis9, tran11-CLA. No dramatic change was observed among other 8 fatty acids in soymilk. The proportion of unsaturated fatty acids varied after fermentation with different L. plantrum strains, but all decreased the during storage. The research on the ability of converting CLA of L. plantrum strains could be basis for the future research and development of fermented soymilk products. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Desirable probiotic traits, such as acid and bile tolerance, aggregation activity, and antibacterial activity, have been proved for the 6 Lactobacillus plantarum strains. The 6 L. plantarum strains might be used in the fermentation of soymilk to produce multifunctional probiotic soymilk products, especially the rich CLA contents.     

产共轭亚油酸乳酸菌的筛选及生产条件的研究

从分离到的乳酸菌中筛选到1株共轭亚油酸高产菌株,乳杆菌L1(Lactobacillus sp.),在MRS培养基上,乳杆菌L1产生共轭亚油酸的最适亚油酸的浓度是0.1%(v/v),最适培养时间是42h,参与共轭亚油酸形成的酶是胞内酶,并且可能是由多种酶共同作用的结果.建立了共轭亚油酸的紫外光谱扫描和高效液相色谱检测方法.