液体培养杏鲍菇富集硒的条件与机理研究

用发酵液中添加亚硒酸钠的方法，对杏鲍菇富硒条件与机理进行研究。添加硒对菌丝生长有抑制作用，菌丝体中硒含量随着发酵培养基中硒浓度的上升而上升，当浓度达40μg／ml时达到最大，为1253．55μg／g；在低硒浓度硒条件下，SOD、POD酶活力随着硒浓度增加而增加，当培养基硒浓度分别达到30μg／ml和40μg／ml时达最高。有机硒占富集总硒98％，菌丝体可溶性蛋白中硒含量为1360．66μg／g。硒在菌丝内积累后，氨基酸总量增加19．68％。但胱氨酸仅仅占对照的86％，是唯一总量减少的氨基酸。这和硒代替硫形成含硒蛋白的机理一致。比较甘油、纤维素、淀粉、蛋氨酸、蛋白胨、柠檬酸六种添加剂对硒的影响表明，添加甘油有利于富集硒。培养基的初始pH为6．0，20℃，接种量为18％更有利于富集硒和菌丝生长。250ml三角瓶装80ml液体最有利于富集硒。     

阿魏菇功能饮料制作方法研究

对液体深层发酵生产耐高温阿魏菇功能饮料的工艺进行了研究，再以阿魏菇菌丝球、酸味剂、甜味剂的添加量为正交因素配制饮料。实验得到了耐高温阿魏菇功能饮料的最佳配方为：阿魏菇菌丝球20％，蜂蜜20％，酸味剂0．10％．Vc 200mg／L。     

大绿菇菌丝体富锌能力的研究

对大绿菇菌丝体进行液体富锌培养。首先对大绿菇的耐锌和富锌特性进行研究,结果表明:大绿菇具有很强的耐锌能力和富锌能力,其菌丝体在锌浓度为50～2000mg/L的固体培养基上均能够生长;菌丝体对锌的最适富集质量浓度为200mg/L,超过300mg/L锌质量浓度对菌丝体的生长有较大影响。本试验还对富锌培养条件进行优化,在培养温度26℃,起始pH5～6,振荡速度100r/min,250mL三角瓶装液75mL,接种量15%(V∶V),培养基中锌添加量为200mg/L时,大绿菇菌丝的生物转化量及菌丝体富锌率最高,此时菌丝体生物量达到8.79g/L,菌丝体含锌量为2.530mg/g,富锌率为10.51%。对锌的有机化研究结果表明:大绿菇能将锌转化形成体内共价结合的有机锌,而不是简单的物理吸附,且其有机化程度在81.6%左右。     

琥珀酸对谷氨酸棒杆菌谷氨酸合成的影响

研究了在发酵培养基中添加琥珀酸对谷氨酸棒杆菌谷氨酸合成的影响。琥珀酸的添加使菌体生长受到一定程度的抑制，残糖有所升高，但是增加了谷氨酸的合成量。当琥珀酸添加量分别为3g／L、5g／L、7g／L、lOg／L、和20g／L时，谷氨酸合成量分别增加了3．57％，20．53％，46．43％，64．29％和81．25％。未见有类似的研究报道。     

阿魏对阿魏菇子实体抗氧化性能及氨基酸组成的影响

通过在培养基中添加不同剂量的阿魏粉,培养获得阿魏菇子实体。对阿魏菇提取物的DPPH.自由基清除率及氨基酸组成进行分析,结果表明,添加阿魏粉的阿魏菇,3种溶剂提取物的DPPH.自由基清除率均高于CK,且呈一定的量效关系。以水提物的自由基清除效果最好,75%乙醇提取物次之,石油醚提取物最差。添加9%阿魏粉的阿魏菇的总氨基酸、必需氨基酸含量均最高,分别为27.42 g/100 g和13.6 g/100 g;其次是野生阿魏菇,分别为9.61 g/100 g和23.59 g/100 g;CK最低,分别为8.9 g/100 g和20.61 g/100 g。阿魏菇氨基酸化学评分:以添加9%阿魏粉的评分最高,其次是CK,野生阿魏菇最低;阿魏菇的蛋白质氨基酸评分以CK最高,其次是添加9%阿魏粉的,野生阿魏菇的评分最低。说明阿魏粉对阿魏菇子实体抗氧化性能及氨基酸组成均有较大影响。     

三种药用真菌灵芝、灰树花和姬松茸富锌能力的初步研究

对三种药用真菌灵芝、灰树花和姬松茸的富锌能力进行比较，在三种药用真菌中灵芝对于锌的富集能力最强．锌浓度在240mg／L时，菌丝锌含量达到6．42mg／g，富集率达30．39％；灰树花的富集能力最弱，富集率最高仅为1．66％．锌浓度超过100mg／L后有明显的抑制作用；姬松茸的富集能力也较强，锌浓度在300mg／L时富集率达到最大7．53％，茵丝锌含量也达到了4．07mg／g，相比较而言灵芝与姬松茸较适合作为富锌的载体。     

加镧液体培养灰树花富集有机铬的研究

本文在部分文献的基础上研究了稀土元素之一的镧元素(La)对灰树花菌丝体富集有机铬的影响.研究发现镧能有效促进灰树花富集有机铬,用灰树花菌丝体的优化培养基(以1 L计,含5 mg CrCl3·6H2O、100 mg La(NO3)3、300 g马铃薯、36 g葡萄糖、35 g麸皮)培养灰树花菌丝体,灰树花菌丝体中的有机铬的产量为25.61 μg/g,比未加镧元素的增加18.33 μg/g.     

灰树花深层发酵富集锌元素的研究

灰树花是药食两用真菌,富含多糖、氨基酸和矿物元素,可用液体深沉发酵大规模生产。对锌含量、马铃薯、葡萄糖、麸皮、接种量等对灰树花的影响以及对灰树花深沉发酵富集锌元素的能力进行了研究。结果表明,当马铃薯含量为250 g/L,葡萄糖为30 g/L,麸皮为20 g/L,锌含量50 mg/kg且接种量为20%时菌丝体生长较好。当锌含量大于1 000 mg/kg时,菌丝体的生长受到抑制;当锌含量达到1 500 mg/kg时,菌丝体生长极其缓慢。总之,锌含量对菌丝体的生长影响显著,其他因素对菌丝体生长的影响不大。另外,从灰树花的富锌能力来看,当锌含量为50 mg/kg~1 500 mg/kg时,菌丝体的富锌能力为124 mg/kg~2 555 mg/kg。所以,综合考虑生长情况和富集情况,选择马铃薯为200 g/L,葡萄糖为24 g/L,麸皮为30 g/L,锌含量为500 mg/kg,接种量为5%时,菌丝体的富锌能力最好。     

平菇深层培养富集硒初步研究

对平菇深层培养富集硒的能力作了初步研究。平菇PL185具有良好的富硒能力,在3号液体培养基中添加5～10mg／L亚硒酸钠,平菇可以正常生长,可获得含硒量为85.2～131.2μg／g的菌丝体。有希望成为一种工业化生产毒性低、食用安全的保健品和食品强化剂的方法。     

金属离子对小球藻Chlorella vulgaris生物量和总脂肪酸含量的影响的研究

本文研究了无光照异养条件下八种金属离子对小球藻Chlorella vulgaris的生物量和总脂肪酸含量（TFAC）的影响。Cu2＋,Zn2＋是小球藻生长的限制性营养因子,通过添加0．08mg／LCuS04＇5H20可使小球藻生物量从1．24g／L提高到3．60g／L;添加0．2mg／LZnS04．71t20,可使小球藻生物量从1．71g／L提高到3．96g／L。Mg2＋缺失条件可得到最高总脂肪酸含量,但是生物量有所减少。Mo6＋,Mn2＋和Fe3＋对小球藻的生物量和油脂含量无明显的影响,说明这些金属离子对小球藻的生长没有特殊的贡献。提高Fe3＋的浓度有利于总脂肪酸的提高。添加50mg／L和100mg／L的CaCl2·2H20可分别得到最大生物量和最高总脂肪酸含量。     

Tencel机织物的染整加工及所用染化料

Ｔｅｎｃｅｌ纤维易于原纤化和很高的横向膨润性对染整加工设备选型、工序安排、染化料选用提出了很高的要求，关键的助剂是润滑剂、纤维素酶、柔软剂、树脂整理剂、防原纤化助剂，于是详细讨论了Ｔｅｎｃｅｌ机织物的前处理、初级原纤化、酶处理、染色、二次原纤化和柔性、树脂整理及染化料的应用。     

姜与人体营养健康

对姜的营养、保健功能及其在日常生活中的应用进行了介绍，更利于推动我国调味品业的进一步研究与开发。     

CHEMICAL AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF CULTIVATED AND WILD FRAGARIA AND RUBUS BERRIES

ABSTRACT

Content of individual sugars, organic acids, total phenolics (TPH), some important phenolic compounds (kaempferol, myricetin, quercetin, and ellagic acid) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the fruits of strawberry, raspberry and blackberry were studied. A comparison was made between cultivars and wild relatives of each species (Fragaria vesca L., Rubus idaeus L. and Rubus fruticosus L.). The main sugars found were fructose and glucose both in the fruits of wild species and the studied cultivars. Citric acid was determined to be the major organic acid in most of tested berries with the exception of blackberry cultivars, where malic acid was dominant. The content of individual phenolic compounds varied among the wild species, as well as among the studied cultivars. Ellagic acid content was higher in F. vesca, R. idaeus and R. fruticosus (122.5 µg/g FW, 12.71 µg/g FW and 61.7 µg/g FW, respectively) than that obtained in analyzed cultivars. Overall, TPH expressed higher values in the wild strawberry and blackberry species in comparison to the studied cultivars, and consequently, the highest levels of TAC were recorded in F. vesca (5.78 mg asc/g FW), followed by R. fruticosus (4.95 mg asc/g FW).

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

In recent years, both wild and cultivated berries have become very attractive for consumers because of potentially beneficial phytochemicals contained in these fruits. Fruit nutritional quality can be described by standard quality parameters (sugars and organic acids), and the analysis of antioxidant capacity influenced by specific related compounds. The importance of flavonoids and other phenolics have been suggested to play a preventive role in the development of cancer and heart disease. A significant positive correlation observed in this study between total phenolics and total antioxidant capacity indicate the need for the use of wild species in the breeding programs of small fruits, especially strawberry and blackberry, in order to increase their nutritive value and the health benefits.     

BARLEY AND MALT TANNINOGENS AND BEER QUALITY

Anthocyanogen and catechin contents (tanninogen values) were determined for ten two-row and thirteen six-row barleys and for their corresponding malts. Four barley-malts were then selected for brewing, one with high, one with low, and two with intermediate tanninogen contents. The brews were made using bottom-fermenting (lager) as well as top-fermenting (ale) yeasts, both at 50–55° F. and at 68° F. The quality of the beers, as expressed by standard analyses and flavour evaluation, is discussed in the light of the tanninogen contents of the barleys and the different brewing parameters (yeast type and fermentation temperature).     

新合纤及其制造加工技术

说明了日本新合纤(新聚酯)的发展阶段,介绍了国外(日本西欧和美国)新合纤的市场情况,指出了日本在新合纤领域目前处于世界最先进水平。概括了新合纤制造加工技术及1990～1992年间日本各合成纤维厂商推出的新合纤产品。最后指出了新合纤存在的某些缺点。     

天然石材染色印花理论及工艺研究

通过电镜观察发现，石材中不存在明显的缝隙．利用有机染料熔融染色可得到色谱齐全、色泽艳丽的染色试样，适用于室内装修，无机盐熔融染色的试样适用于室外装修．另外，利用有机染料熔融法对石材泼染、手绘和防染以提高装修的艺术效果．     

CHEMICAL, NUTRITIVE AND SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF TOMATOES BEFORE AND AFTER CONVENTIONAL AND MICROWAVE BLANCHING AND DURING FROZEN STORAGE

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of microwave blanching on chemical, physical and sensory characteristics of tomatoes prior to and after frozen storage. Tomatoes were blanched (4 min) using four treatments: conventional boiling water (BW), steam (ST), microwaved in a glass container (MW), and microwaved in boilable bags (MWB). The lowest moisture content occurred in MW‐blanched tomatoes before (92%) and after (86%) frozen storage. These tomatoes had the highest reduced ascorbic acid (RAA) content and the highest RAA retention (> 23 mg/100 g, >91%) after blanching and after frozen storage. After blanching, MWB‐blanched tomatoes were the lightest, while after frozen storage, ST‐blanched tomatoes were the lightest. BW‐blanched tomatoes had generally higher flavor, texture and appearance scores. This study demonstrated that though visual color and sensory attributes were highest for BW‐blanched tomatoes, MW‐blanched tomatoes retained more nutritive value in the finished product.     

抗静电阻燃材料ABS、PP、PE的研究与开发

利用超小微粒添加技术，将抗静电剂、溴化物等添加剂加入PP、PE、ABS塑料中聚合，通过挤压而成各种抗静电、阻燃塑料制品。所用原料全部采用国产代替进口，降低了成本。超小微粒添加技术解决了塑料树脂与抗静电剂、阻燃剂的不相容性。     

数据库与WPS排版系统的接口及应用

通过对ＷＰＳ排版系统中文件结构的打印控制代码分析，将ＷＰＳ优美的打印结果与数据库强大的数据处理功能相结合，实现了数据的可塑性，从而提高工作质量和效率．