国产DCS控制系统在二氧化氯制备中的应用

介绍了WebField JX-300XP集散控制系统在国外R8法二氧化氯制备系统中的应用,概述了国外R8法二氧化氯制备的工艺运行特点、控制要求及二氧化氯制备DCS控制系统的配置及控制功能的实现。     

R8法二氧化氯生产用水质量要求及影响

本文对R8法二氧化氯的工艺用水、冷却水和密封水的质量要求及影响进行了较为全面的介绍。     

提高R8法二氧化氯产率的几点措施

R8法是在酸性条件下利用甲醇作还原剂还原氯酸钠来产生二氧化氯,它的主要特点是转化率高、产品氯含量低、开机启动快和易于控制。南宁凤凰纸业有限公司9t/d的二氧化氯生产设备是由加拿大斯特林公司提供的成套设备,从1999年9月正式投料运行1年来,该套设备运行平稳可靠,运行效果也达到了设计要求。在提高二氧化氯产率方面,我们主要采取了以下几项措施。     

二氧化氯制备技术及装备应用介绍

以沅江纸业责任有限公司引进的R8二氧化氯制备系统为例,对化学品喂料、二氧化氯生成、二氧化氯冷却吸收、硭硝过滤、废汽洗涤及真空系统等方面的工艺原理、过程及设备进行了介绍。     

R8法二氧化氯生产用水质量要求及影响

二氧化氯作为纸浆漂白剂,可以获得白度高、粘度下降小的高质量漂白浆。同时,漂白废水中的有害物质AOX含量也大幅度降低。因此,二氧化氯漂白剂在世界制浆工业中得到广泛的应用。我国造纸工业界从上世纪70年代中即开始了二氧化氯生产及其应用的探索,并且取得了中试阶段的成功。因当时的耐腐蚀材料使用尚不够成熟,加上使用二氧化氯漂白剂的纸浆成本相对的升高,使得推广工作步履维艰。从上世纪90年代初起,我国部分新建浆厂开始从国外引进二氧化氯生产技术及设备。随着环境保护要求的提高,二氧化氯漂白剂在我国造纸行业的应用势必更为广泛。R8…     

R8法二氢化氯生产用水质量要求及影响

二氧化氯作为纸浆漂白剂,可以获得白度高、粘度下降小的高质量漂白浆。同时,漂白废水中的有害物质AOX含量也大幅度降低。因此,二氧化氯漂白剂在世界制浆工业中得到广泛的应用。我国造纸工业界从上世纪七十年代中即开始了二氧化氯生产及其应用的探索,并且取得了中试阶段的成功。因当时     

R8法ClO2制备工艺及发生系统运行过程中的控制

介绍了加拿大斯特林ERCO公司提供的R8法ClO2制备工艺和ClO2发生系统生产运行过程中需控制调整的问题,以及车间的安全措施。     

纸浆漂白用二氧化氯制备工艺酸性芒硝处理技术

介绍了纸浆漂白用二氧化氯制备工艺酸性芒硝处理技术的原理、工艺流程及工艺条件的选择,从物料消耗、副产品生成及经济效益上进行了分析,表明与R8法二氧化氯制备装置相比,中性芒硝法工艺更值得推广应用。     

负压曝气法二氧化氯制备技术

采用负压曝气法（FP法）进行工业型二氧化氯制备。通过大量的试验及对比，研制出新的二氧化氯制备工艺技术。FP法采用普通碳钢内衬搪玻璃制作反应器，三个串联，分别加入反应物料，依次在三个反应器内不断进行反应，并分别进行曝气，在系统微负压下完成ClO2气体的发生和与反应母液分离的操作。FP法的成本较R8法、R11法仍偏高，是下一步研发的重点。     

SVP（R8）法ClO_2制备系统的特点和试运行情况

详细介绍了在我国第一套投入试运行的ＳＶＰ（Ｒ８）法ＣｌＯ_２制备系统，从工艺、设备及操作几方面叙述了该技术的特点和试运行情况。     

红发夫酵母中3R,3’R-虾青素的分离纯化和结构鉴定

研究红发夫酵母中3R,3’R-虾青素的分离纯化工艺条件,并利用高效液相色谱串联大气压化学电离源质谱(high performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry,HPLCAPCI-MS)、核磁共振(nuclear magnetic resonance,NMR)和高效液相色谱-紫外光谱(high performance liquid chromatography-ultra violet,HPLC-UV)对纯化得到的虾青素结构进行鉴定。结果表明:利用细胞玻璃研磨器进行研磨提取、硅胶柱层析分离和结晶提纯相结合的方法,能够有效减少反式虾青素的异构化,得到的虾青素纯度高于95%。采用高效液相色谱-质谱仪(high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,HPLC-MS)、超导核磁共振谱仪(1H和13C NMR)以及Chiralpak IC手性固定化纤维柱分析,显示制备的反式虾青素几乎都以3R,3’R结构组成。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定肉制品中玫瑰桃红R

建立固相萃取-高效液相色谱(SPE-HPLC)测定肉制品中玫瑰桃红R含量的分析方法.试样经乙腈水溶液超声提取,Oasis WAX柱净化后,以乙腈-乙酸铵缓冲溶液为流动相,经C18柱分离后进行HPLC检测.玫瑰桃红R在0.5~10.0mg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数大于0.999.1.0、2.0、10.0mg/kg 3个加标水平的平均回收率为90.6%~105.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为1.79%~4.25%,检出限为0.26mg/kg.该方法灵敏度高、重现性好、定量准确.     

Simultaneous detection of Ponceat 4R and tartrazine in food using adsorptive stripping voltammetry on an acetylene black nanoparticle-modified electrode

BACKGROUND: Ponceau 4R and tartrazine have been widely used in foodstuffs. However, they are pathogenic if they are excessively consumed. Therefore, the detection of Ponceat 4R and tartrazine is quite important. RESULTS: A sensitive and rapid electrochemical method was developed for the simultaneous detection of Ponceat 4R and tartrazine using anodic adsorptive stripping voltammetry and based on the strong enhancement effect of acetylene black nanoparticle. For Ponceat 4R, the linear range was from 0.05 to 4 mg kg^?1, and the limit of detection was 0.03 mg kg^?1. For tartrazine, the linear range was from 0.15 to 18 mg kg^?1, and the limit of detection was 0.1 mg kg^?1. The relative standard deviation was 3.8% and 4.7% for 10 successive measurements of 1 mg kg^?1 Ponceau 4R and tartrazine. The method was used to determine Ponceat 4R and tartrazine in soft drinks, and recovery was in the range of 92.4–104.8%. CONCLUSION: At the acetylene black nanoparticle‐modified electrode, the oxidation current signal of Ponceau 4R and tartrazine greatly increase. This new method is sensitive, rapid, simple and feasible. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

利用菊芋菊粉制备R,R-2,3-丁二醇发酵工艺条件的优化

为了提高Paenibacillus polymyxa ZJ-9发酵菊芋菊粉制备R,R-2,3-丁二醇的产量、减少生产成本,考察了发酵温度、pH、接种量和溶氧(搅拌转速)对菌体生长繁殖、菊粉的利用率和R,R-2,3-丁二醇合成的影响。实验结果表明,Paenibacillus polymyxa ZJ-9发酵的最适温度、pH和接种量分别为30℃、6.0和8%。通过对不同搅拌转速条件下的菌体比生长速率μ_x和产物比合成速率μ_p分析,制定了一种两步溶氧控制策略发酵生产R,R-2,3-丁二醇:在发酵前24h,控制搅拌转速调控为240r/min有利于菌体生长,而24h后,控制发酵液搅拌转速调控为160r/min,能有效促进R,R-2,3-丁二醇合成,在上述条件下,R,R-2,3-丁二醇的产量高达27.83g/L,比恒定搅拌转速条件的最大值提高了10.15%。     

烟草抗病毒相关R基因RNAi 表达载体的构建

RNA 干扰介导的基因沉默是植物抗病育种和大规模分析功能基因快速而有效的方法。构建烟草抗病毒病相关 R 基因的RNAi表达载体并导入烟草可获得抗病毒病烟草材料,并为大规模分析鉴定烟草功能基因提供新方法。本研究利用绒毛状烟草基因组测序获得的 R 基因序列设计引物,通过 PCR 技术扩增出带有特异性结合位点 attB 的 R 基因部分序列。采用GATEWAY 方法将目的基因的干扰片段插入到表达载体 pH 7 GWIWG2(I),成功构建了烟草抗病毒病相关 R 基因的 RNAi表达载体。     

亚临界R134a萃取金银花挥发油

采用亚临界1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷(R134a)萃取的方法从干燥的金银花中提取挥发油,考察了萃取压力、温度、时间和R134a流量对挥发油提取率的影响。结果表明,萃取温度和时间是影响挥发油提取率的主要因素,萃取压力和R134a流量的影响较小。当萃取压力、温度、时间和R134a流量分别为6MPa、50℃、2h和10g/min时,挥发油提取率达到2.17%。利用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)分析金银花挥发油的化学成分,共分离得到27个组分,其中主要成分是棕榈酸(19.12%)、亚油酸(18.43%)、亚麻酸(9.06%)等,脂肪酸酯达到29.34%。     

Preparative separation and purification of gingerols from ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) by high-speed counter-current chromatography

A novel method for purifying gingerols from ginger was developed using a high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC). The two-phase solvent system such as light petroleum (bp 60–90 °C)–ethyl acetate–methanol–water (5:5:6.5:3.5, v/v/v/v) was applied to the separation and purification of 6-, 8- and 10-gingerol from a crude extract of ginger. The experiment yielded 30.2 mg of 6-gingerol, 40.5 mg of 8-gingerol, 50.5 mg of 10-gingerol from 200 mg of crude extract in one-step separation. And the purity of these compounds was 99.9%, 99.9% and 99.2%, respectively, as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Their structures were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and ¹H, ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).     

Alkaline semen diluent combined with R848 for separation and enrichment of dairy goat X-sperm

A large number of female goats are needed for the dairy goat industry; therefore, the development of a method to ensure the birth of more females than males in a single pregnancy will lead to economic benefits. Increasing the number of X-sperm would be an effective way to increase the proportion of female offspring. In this study, goat semen was incubated at pH 7.4 in alkaline diluent combined with resiquimod (R848) and the number of X-sperm was enriched by the swim-up method. The percentage of X-sperm was determined using the double TaqMan qPCR method. Sperm total motility, progressive motility, average path velocity, straight-line velocity, and curvilinear velocity were measured using a computer-aided sperm analysis system, and the functional parameters of the sperm plasma membrane, the acrosome, mitochondrial activity, ATP content, and reactive oxygen species levels were also measured. Lastly, the ratio of female embryos was determined by in vitro fertilization, and the number of female kids and the pregnancy rate of does was assessed by artificial insemination. The results showed that dilution of semen in an alkaline buffer containing R848 could enrich the number of X-sperm to 85.57% ± 3.27%. The progressive motility, average path velocity, straight-line velocity, curvilinear velocity, mitochondrial activity, and ATP level of the collected X-sperm-enriched semen were significantly reduced, but its total motility, plasma membrane, and acrosome were not affected. The in vitro fertilization experiments showed that the rate of female embryo production using X-sperm-rich seminal fluid could reach 83.25% (174/209), which was significantly higher than the proportion of female embryos in the control group, 47.71% ± 1.80% (104/218). As determined by artificial insemination, the number of female kids in the test group increased by 62.79% (243/387), which was significantly higher than that in the control group (47.65%, 193/405). There was no significant difference in pregnancy rate between the test group and the control group (71.71% vs. 78.48%). Therefore, this study demonstrated that use of a pH 7.4 diluent containing R848 is a simple and effective method of X-sperm enrichment for dairy goat production. Its application would allow does to produce more female offspring for herd expansion and milk production.     

Effects of parameters on yield for sub-critical R134a extraction of palm oil

Extraction of palm oil from its palm mesocarp using sub-critical 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a) as an alternative solvent to supercritical CO₂ was studied. The effects of pressure, temperature, flowrate and sample pre-treatment method on extraction yield were examined. Dynamic method was used to determine palm oil solubility at flowrate between 0.5 and 5.0 ml/min. Extraction was performed at pressures between 45 and 100 bar which was lower than those required by CO₂ solvent, and at temperatures between 40° and 80 °C. The results show that extraction yields using R134a increased with pressure and temperature, and that temperature effect (p-value = 0.0000) on palm oil solubility prevailed over that of pressure (p-value = 0.0087). The maximum yield of 66.06 w/w% was obtained at 100 bar and 80 °C which was the best pressure and temperature. Substantial oil yields at relatively lower pressure proved that sub-critical R134a is a viable alternative to CO₂ for extraction of palm oil.