木质废料的资源化处理工艺

根据不同的木质废料特性,提出了不同木质废料的处理方法,为利用木质废料生产中纤板建立了系统的木质废料资源化处理工艺方法.     

废旧木质家具的回收与再利用——以长沙市为例

根据对湖南省长沙市废旧木质家具回收利用情况的调查,总结了长沙市废旧木质家具回收利用现状,并针对废旧木质家具回收利用的可行性进行了分析和探讨,同时对湖南省长沙市的废旧木制家具回收利用提出了相关思路和建议。     

废旧实木家具的回收利用

为改善城市环境,有效控制固体废物的排放和处理至关重要,废旧实木家具是城市木质固体废物的主要组成部分,对废旧实木家具进行回收再利用可以有效减少固体废物的产生,提高木材的循环资源利用率。针对不同类型、废旧程度不一的家具,提出直接或间接重新利用的方法,对废旧家具二次销售市场进行细分。将可持续发展的理念运用在废旧家具的回收利用当中,实现废旧家具的循环再生,以期为家具的全生命周期研究和家具产业绿色化发展提供新思路。     

木质（废料）复合材料的制备

介绍了利用木质废料制备复合材料的生产工艺技术及其产品的特性,提出了木质废料的应用前景。     

木质废料中纤板生产性废料的再利用

根据木质废料中密度纤维板生产中所产生的各类生产性废料特性,提出了系统的回收处理和利用工艺,其中,重点介绍了砂光粉能源化利用的工艺与技术.     

废旧实木类木材回收利用途径探讨

根据对河北省废旧木材回收利用的调查结果,对废旧实木类木材的利用途径和存在问题进行了探讨.目前河北省废旧实木类木材回收利用的产业链已经自发初步形成,废旧实木类木材主要是用来制作细木工板的芯条,或用来制造木质家具、实木制品、包装材料和建筑构件等.     

人造板生产中木质废料之粉碎

人造板中木质碎料占体积的约95%,因此它的制备工艺对产品的质量和生产的经济性有着重要的影响.这一工艺由于提高了作为原料的各种木质废料的应用而有特别的意义.在人造板生产中影响木质废料应用的原因之一,是当提高原料中废料的比例时成品板子的质量将降低.这时,为了保证必要的强度指标,木质刨花板企业不得不提高胶耗量和板子的密度.此外,从企业外来的废料常常夹杂异类杂质(石块、煤炭、金属等等),这使利用废料时引起附加的困难.     

构建废旧纺织品循环利用产业链的研究与思考

废旧纺织品的循环再利用具有巨大的资源环境价值和社会经济价值,然而我国废旧纺织品的回收再利用尚未形成完整的产业链条,产业发展亦不规范。文章在指出我国废旧纺织品回收再利用现状及存在问题的前提下,提出建立废旧纺织品循环利用产业链是实现废旧纺织品循环利用产业化发展的最优选择。从循环经济及产业链相关理论出发,对有关废旧纺织品循环利用的相关研究文献进行了综述,并提出我国应以现实情况为基础,以理论为指导,以他国经验为借鉴,考虑经济、政策、技术、制度等各要素,从形成机制、结构组成、模式选择、功能效应等多角度构建完整的废旧纺织品循环利用产业链。     

废旧纺织品的再利用

从废旧纺织品的多样性和复杂性以及现有的技术手段人手,综述了近年来废旧纺织品的4种循环再利用方法:即机械法、化学法、物理法和热能法,阐述了各方法的研究现状,并分析了各自的优缺点.结合我国目前废旧纺织品循环利用体系中所存在的意识薄弱、技术落后、政策导向缺失等问题,提出了增强意识、加快研发、政策支持等一系列可行性建议,为进一...     

家具生产中木质废料的来源、控制与处理

分析了家具制造企业原料输入和废料产生情况,针对家具生产过程木质废料的产生情况和废料形式进行了剖析,结合生产实际提出了家具生产木质废料的控制与处理措施。     

依靠科技进步,推动森工造纸产业结构调整

本文论述了我省森工造纸产品的现状和发展规划,提出了持续发展森工造纸产品,必须依靠科技进步,坚持以木材资源为主要原料,从而推动行业的进一步发展。为此必须加大对林业的投入建立速生产林基地。在广东建设３ － ５ 间年产３０ － ５０ 万ｔ 的大型木浆厂;加快造纸企业的重组,组建企业集团,成立林纸技术研究开发中心,筹建林纸重点实验室;引进先进工艺和管理技术,加强对三废的治理。     

继续实施人造板增值税退税政策有利于我国国民经济健康持续发展

“十五”期间实施的人造板增值税即征即退政策,推动了我国人造板及其相关行业的快速发展,提高了木材综合利用率,从而促进了森林资源可持续发展,增加了农民的经济收入,为国民经济健康、持续的发展作出了应有的贡献。“十一五”期间,我国应继续保留林区“三剩物”和次小薪材综合利用产品增值税即征即退的优惠政策,并增加城市木质废弃物、竹材和农业剩余物退税原料科目,以推动人造板工业向循环经济型产业持续发展。     

食用菌产胞外纤维素半纤维素降解酶类的研究进展

我国是食用菌生产大国。食用菌可以分泌降解纤维素、半纤维素和木质素相关的酶,能够利用秸秆、木屑、棉籽壳等多种农业废弃物,具有广泛的应用前景。本文以食用菌所产的主要胞外水解酶类纤维素酶和木聚糖酶为研究对象,从其种类、发酵条件、理化性质和基因克隆等方面综述了食用菌产胞外水解酶的研究现状。     

Heißgaserzeugung und Spänetrocknung unter dem Zwang der Einhaltung der TA-Luft bei Verwendung multivalenter Brennstoffe

The particleboard production highly depends on the energy consumption. Energy costs play an important part in the calculation, and its dependency on the market may be recognized daily. Several types of fuel, refues wood, biomass from forests, saw mill and other industrial wastes are often at the disposal. Different uses of most economical and actually available kinds of energy for heating a hot gas generator are shown. Keeping to emission limits of the TA-Luft is most important, also regarding the whole plant, as well as its facilities like the hot gas generator, the drum drier and the dust exhaustion.     

Removal of lead contaminated dusts from hard surfaces

Government guidelines have widely recommended trisodium phosphate (TSP) or "lead-specific" cleaning detergents for removal of lead-contaminated dust (LCD) from hard surfaces, such as floors and window areas. The purpose of this study was to determine if low-phosphate, non-lead-specific cleaners could be used to efficiently remove LCD from 3 types of surfaces (vinyl flooring, wood, and wallpaper). Laboratory methods were developed and validated for simulating the doping, embedding, and sponge cleaning of the 3 surface types with 4 categories of cleaners: lead-specific detergents, nonionic cleaners, anionic cleaners, and trisodium phosphate (TSP). Vinyl flooring and wood were worn using artificial means. Materials were ashed, followed by ultrasound extraction, and anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV). One-way analysis of variance approach was used to evaluate the surface and detergent effects. Surface type was found to be a significant factor in removal of lead (p < 0.001). Vinyl flooring cleaned better than wallpaper by over 14% and wood cleaned better than wallpaper by 13%. There was no difference between the cleaning action of vinyl flooring and wood. No evidence was found to support the use of TSP or lead-specific detergents over all-purpose cleaning detergents for removal of lead-contaminated dusts. No-phosphate, non-lead-specific detergents are effective in sponge cleaning of lead-contaminated hard surfaces and childhood lead prevention programs should consider recommending all-purpose household detergents for removal of lead-contaminated dust after appropriate vacuuming.     

Hornification: Lessons learned from the wood industry for attenuating this phenomenon in plant-based dietary fibers from food wastes

A significant amount of waste is annually generated worldwide by the supply chain of the food industry. Considering the population growth, the environmental concerns, and the economic opportunities, waste recovery is a promising solution to produce valuable and innovative ingredients for food and nonfood industries. Indeed, plant-based wastes are rich in dietary fibers (DF), which have relevant technical functionalities such as water/oil holding capacity, swelling capacity, viscosity, texture, and physiological properties such as antioxidant activity, cholesterol, and glucose adsorption capacities. Different drying technologies could be applied to extend the shelf life of fresh DF. However, inappropriate drying technologies or process conditions could adversely affect the functionalities of DF via the hornification phenomenon. Hornification is related to the formation of irreversible hydrogen bindings, van der Waals interactions, and covalent lactone bridges between cellulose fibrils during drying. This review aims to capitalize on the knowledge developed in the wood industry to tackle the hornification phenomenon occurring in the food industry. The mechanisms and the parameters affecting hornification as well as the mitigation strategies used in the wood industry that could be successfully applied to foods are summarized. The application of conventional drying technologies such as air or spray-drying increased the occurrence of hornification. In contrast, solvent exchange, supercritical drying, freeze-drying, and spray-freeze-drying approaches were considered effective strategies to limit the consequences of this phenomenon. In addition, incorporating capping agents before drying attenuated the hornification. The knowledge summarized in this review can be used as a basis for process design in the valorization of plant-based wastes and the production of functional DF that present relevant features for the food and packaging industries.     

Einfluß der Lagerung von Industrierestholz der Kiefer und Fichte auf seine Eignung für die Herstellung von Spanplatten und mitteldichten Faserplatten (MDF)

Particles and fibres were prepared from saw mill wastes (chips) after different storage periods. The particles and fibres were chemically analysed regarding the change in their pH-value, buffering capacity, extractive content, release of volatile acids and formaldehyde release. Furthermore, the physical-mechanical properties of UF- and PMDI-bonded particleboards and fibreboards prepared therefrom were assessed. The results reveal:

1. Storage leads to an improvement in the properties of UF-bonded particleboards prepared from pine chips as the internal bond strength increases and the thickness swelling decreases.
2. Particleboards made from spruce prior to storage show in general better mechanical properties and lower thickness swelling compared to those prepared from pine wood. However the differences dwindle upon storage.
3. Storage seems to have almost no influence on bending properties of particles bonded with PMDI, as no significant change in the properties of the boards due to storage was detected.
4. Storage of chips from wood felled in spring has less impact on the properties of the boards than that of chips from winterfelled wood (Schäfer und Roffael, 1997).
5. The properties of MDF made from spruce using UF-resin as a binder show higher mechanical strength properties and less thickness swelling compared to those prepared from pine wood. However, after storage only subtle differences between boards made from spruce and pine were detected.
6. On using PMDI as a binder no significant changes in the properties of the MDF due to storage under the boundary conditions indicated in the work were detected.

     

Hydrolysis of glycosidically bound flavour compounds from oak wood by Oenococcus oeni

Malolactic fermentation (MLF), which is conducted by lactic acid bacteria (LAB), has a significant influence on the stability and organoleptic quality of wine. Recent studies have shown that when MLF is carried out in oak wood barrels, LAB were also able to interact with wood and increase volatile compound contents such as vanillin during MLF. The release of these compounds indicates that LAB may convert vanillin precursors present in oak wood. In this work, the effect of commercial glycosidases on the released vanillin was firstly studied. This aldehyde is present in wood extracts in monoglycosidic forms where the major glycones are arabinose and xylose. Other aglycons released during MLF in barrels, syringaldehyde and whisky-lactones, can be considered as other sources of aroma. Secondly, strains selected with high activities toward glycoside substrates could hydrolyse vanillin glycoside precursors from oak wood with the same efficiency as commercial enzymes.     

Holzmarkt: Absatzsicherung für eine ungewisse Zukunft

Present forest disease will probably lead to an unscheduled reduction of growing stock. Its extent and duration cannot, at present, be predicted. Round wood from spruce/fir will presumably constitute a large portion of these additional cuttings. Finished and semi-finished products from this assortment have the same characteristics as “old” products, i.e.a surplus with low profit margins for suppliers. New products therefore have to be developed and introduced on the market to boost product life cycles “Wood in Building”, a system analysis carried out in Switzerland points out the exitence of a profitable market for wood, which can be exploited if forest management and wood industry succeed in using the concerted action of such marketing instruments as products-, distribution-, information-and price policies to assist in individual market sectors. Governments in their environmental and forest management policies should establish firm basic regulations to convince private enterprise in the wood industry of the stability of longterm timber supplies.     

木材基布的开发与研制

介绍了木皮的种类,木皮复合基布木材基布的开发及研制过程,并在对非织造布木材基布的技术性能进行了测试的基础上提出的木材基布的使用方法。