实行质量效益工资制，提高公司经济效益

实行质量效益工资制符合按劳分配、按贡献分配的要求，能够极大地调动员工开展质量攻关、技术攻关、成本核算的积极性，可全面降低成本及费用，提高产品质量。     

文摘天地

98831化纤加捻新品整经效率攻关／卫晓红，李民忠／江苏丝绸，1998，NO．1，1－660台双喷加强型喷水织机配一台分条整经机，生产能力不平衡，因而如何提高化纤加捻新品的整经效率成为当务之急，企业组织QC小组进行攻关，取得了良好经济效益。文章介绍了这一成功经验。98832真丝     

棉纺镀铬钢领应用实践

镀铬钢领的应用已好多年了，但由于镀铬钢领上机走熟期过长这一难点而影响了在纺纱工艺上的推广、应用。我厂于１９９４年初成立攻关小组，对镀铬钢领的应用进行攻关。通过实践，使镀铬钢领在我厂的使用面达到了８５％以上，品种涉及纯棉精梳、普梳，混纺，化纤；号数最细...     

“十一五”国家科技专项加大对农产品加工的倾斜

《食品与发酵工业》讯，今年初科技部等部门在北京召开了“十一五”重大科技专项“农产品深加工技术与装备研究开发”验收会。“十五”专项采取以企业为主体、联合科研单位和高校共同攻关的新模式，紧紧围绕国家“十五”国民经济和社会发展及制约和我国农产品加工产业发展的战略性、前瞻性和重大产业共性关键技术问题开展攻关研究与产业化开发，在粮油、果蔬、畜禽、水产、林产加工与装备、标准和检测领域取得了一系列共性关键技术与装备的重大突破，全面按期完成了规定的攻关任务，达到或超过了预定的考核指标。     

提高大豆蛋白纤维弹力纱质量的实践

介绍了大豆蛋白纤维弹力纱特点，经攻关实践，总结了加工该产品所采取的工艺数。     

信息纵横

“十一五”国家科技专项加大对农产品加工的倾斜《食品与发酵工业》讯，今年初科技部等部门在北京召开了“十一五”重大科技专项“农产品深加工技术与装备研究开发”验收会。“十五”专项采取以企业为主体、联合科研单位和高校共同攻关的新模式，紧紧围绕国家“十五”国民经济和社会发展及制约和我国农产品加工产业发展的战略性、前瞻性和重大产业共性关键技术问题开展攻关研究与产业化开发，在粮油、果蔬、畜禽、水产、林产加工与装备、标准和检测领域取得了一系列共性关键技术与装备的重大突破，全面按期完成了规定的攻关任务，达到或超过…     

低负荷下热媒炉经济运行的可行性探讨

介绍了热媒炉工作原理，分析了低负荷下热媒炉经济运行的技术可行性，通过一系列的技术攻关，取得了较好的经济效果。     

烤烟散叶堆积烘烤技术通过国家烟草专卖局组织的鉴定

2002年贵州省烟草公司组织到巴西考察学习，巴西正在研究的散叶烘烤技术，引起了考察人员的极大关注和浓厚兴趣：回国后贵州省烟草公司遵义市公司立即成立课题组，由经理亲自负责，分管经理具体落实，组织烘烤、机电等多学科科技人员组成项目攻关小组，投入专项资金100万元，自行立项进行研究，经项目组三年攻关，完成了《GZ-1型烤烟散叶堆积烤房研制及应用技术研究》项目工作，     

甜菜纸筒育苗高产攻关试验

甜菜是我国制糖工业的主要原料，我市每年甜菜种植面积都在2万公顷左右，多年来在甜菜生产上一直存在单产不高、总产不稳的情况，致使糖厂存在原料不足的问题。如何在有限的土地面积上多产糖，提高甜菜产量，是生产上和科研上亟待解决的问题。甜菜纸筒育菌技术的应用较好地解决了直播甜菜易出现的出苗木齐、田间保苗率低而导致甜菜产量下降这一关键问题。为此，我们于1991～1994年进行了甜菜纸筒育苗高产攻关的试验。在大庆市的大同区、红岗区、让胡路区等十几个试验示范点分别进行了小区对比试验和大面积攻关试验，在攻关试验中由于甜菜纸…     

开发国产清梳联的回顾与技术经济分析

１前言 清梳联是国际公认的一项成熟技术，用它纺成的纱能适应无梭织机引纬速度高、经纬纱张力大的需要；也能满足高档针织用纱对原纱质量的高标准要求。但２０世纪９０年代初，国内尚无质量稳定、运转可靠的国产清梳联，纺织企业不得不从国外大量引进。据不完全统计，当时全国已引进１８０多条生产线，其中我省就有２６条，耗资约３亿美元，使一些纺织企业背上了沉重的还贷包袱，也使我国纺机业陷入困境。我学会一些老科技专家鉴于此，积极建议组织力量攻关，开发国产清梳联合机。经厅党组同意后，成立攻关小组，组织攻关力量，跨省联合青…     

梳棉机锡林—回转盖板隔距与梳理质量

为了提高生条质量,减少盖板落棉,分析了锡林与回转盖板的梳理原理,对比了标准盖板与非标准盖板对条干、棉结杂质及锡林—盖板隔距与质量的关系,探讨了降低盖板总高误差及锡林—盖板隔距变化的方法。指出：锡林—盖板隔距增大使生条结杂增多、短绒率降低,当隔距增大0.025mm时生条质量恶化,增大0.051mm时生条严重恶化;锡林—盖板隔距和刺辊工艺优化组合,生条棉结降低25.6%,短绒率降低0.65%、棉结降低35.5%,条干CV值降低0.07个百分点;隔距的准确性、稳定性关系到质量与节棉的双重效益;减小盖板针布总高误差及隔距差异,有利于设备更好地发挥工艺特性,取得质量和节棉双赢。     

锡林－道夫间的纤维转移过程

分析了梳棉机上分梳元件的作用机理,论述了锡林一道夫间纤维的转移过程及转移率的测定方法,说明影响道夫转移率的因素是锡林、道夫针布的种类、规格、齿型、隔距、锡林速度及产量等;指出梳棉机道夫机构存在的严重问题导致经锡林－盖板区梳理得到的平行伸直纤维状态被破坏而出现大量的各种弯钩纤维;为了解决道夫机构缺陷,以俄罗斯梳并联合机和中国台湾CC50型新道夫机构梳棉机为例,介绍其工作原理与优点,以供研发新型梳棉机参考。     

PEO辅助助剂对胶体悬浮液絮凝作用影响

以PEO/辅助助剂系统为絮凝系统，对PCC、瓷土和TiO2等三种胶体悬浮液进行絮凝实验，探讨了辅助助剂对胶体悬浮液絮凝作用的影响。结果表明，开环结构的辅助助剂的絮凝效果好，闭环结构的絮凝效果差。由于辅助助剂DEA和ACS带有阴电荷，因此呈阳电性的PCC絮凝最好。使用高阳电性的辅助助剂VBT1时，TiO2的絮凝效果最好。使用PEO/VBT2对三种胶体悬浮液进行絮凝，对瓷土的絮凝效果最好。总体上，瓷土胶体悬浮液最易絮凝。说明辅助剂的电荷密度和酚羟基的密度对胶体悬浮液的絮凝的重要性。     

Original semiologic standardized evaluation of stratum corneum hydration by Diagnoskin stripping sample

In a normal and healthy skin, the regular elimination of the superficial corneocytes, called desquamation, is a fundamental physiologic process intended to protect the barrier function of the skin. This invisible loss of corneocytes, individually or in small groups, is incessantly compensated by the divisions of the proliferative layer and the upward cellular maturation in order to maintain the harmonious renewal of the epidermis and the integrity of the stratum corneum. The harmony of this desquamation process is intimately conditioned by a sufficient hydration of the stratum corneum: (i) an abnormal desquamation leads to a disruption of the water barrier function and consequently to a dehydration tendency of the stratum corneum, and (ii) a cutaneous dryness (whatever the cause) is able to disturb the desquamation process. Protecting the water content of the stratum corneum has always been a major preoccupation of the cosmetic industry scientists. Consequently, the moisturizing properties of a cosmetic product are objectively measured by various explorations directly targeted on the hydration (corneometry) and on the level of the water barrier function (transepidermal water loss (TEWL) measurements), which depends directly on the skin hydration state. This intimate linkage of the desquamation process and the water content of the stratum corneum enable us to suggest an indirect assessment of the hydration from a direct study of the desquamation by examining a skin-stripping sample (D-Squames) by an optical microscope (linked to a computer). We will describe this already known technique and mainly its new and unpublished semiologic exploitation, named Diagnoskin, whose advantages are its simplicity and its reproducibility particularly interesting in the case of sequential appraisal of dermatologic or cosmetic treatments.     

时尚风格黄牛服装革生产工艺的探讨

对黄牛全粒面轻涂饰服装革的生产工艺技术进行了论述,包括适当的前处理和铬复鞣,以及中和要透、染色、加油等,同时对干燥整理和涂饰工艺技术进行了较为深入的论述,包括干燥、封底、底涂及顶层的涂饰等。并说明了如何使成革更软更蓬松,更具有海绵感等时尚风格。     

Microstructure design in mixed biopolymer composites

This paper is an overview of recent work on some particular aspects of the behaviour of biopolymer solution and gel mixtures, the focus being on aspects that are of particular relevance to the materials found in food systems. As such, the following areas are considered. (1) The phase behaviour of such mixtures in terms of the microstructures formed, the ideas of phase volume, phase continuity, surface tension and the use of the Flory–Huggins theory to model the behaviour. (2) The kinetics of phase separation in terms of the evidence for spinodal decomposition, ripening processes and the interplay between the kinetics of phase separation, gelation and molecular ordering. (3) The effects of shear on the composite microstructure in terms of particle size and shape, and how shear can be used to cause phase inversion of the system. (4) The material properties of the composites, including the fracture behaviour, the effect of particle size, and the role of the interface between the phases. It is clear that over the past few years a considerable literature has been built up on mixtures of biopolymers. Despite this growing understanding it remains a fact that we are not capable, as yet, of designing the microstructure of mixed biopolymer composites, although it is clear that there is a considerable technological advantage in being able to do so.     

Non-destructive analysis of anthocyanins in cherries by means of Lambert-Beer and multivariate regression based on spectroscopy and scatter correction using time-resolved analysis

In high-value sweet cherry (Prunus avium), the red coloration - determined by the anthocyanins content - is correlated with the fruit ripeness stage and market value. Non-destructive spectroscopy has been introduced in practice and may be utilized as a tool to assess the fruit pigments in the supply chain processes. From the fruit spectrum in the visible (Vis) wavelength range, the pigment contents are analyzed separately at their specific absorbance wavelengths.A drawback of the method is the need for re-calibration due to varying optical properties of the fruit tissue. In order to correct for the scattering differences, most often the spectral intensity in the visible spectrum is normalized by wavelengths in the near infrared (NIR) range, or pre-processing methods are applied in multivariate calibrations.In the present study, the influence of the fruit scattering properties on the Vis/NIR fruit spectrum were corrected by the effective pathlength in the fruit tissue obtained from time-resolved readings of the distribution of time-of-flight (DTOF). Pigment analysis was carried out according to Lambert-Beer law, considering fruit spectral intensities, effective pathlength, and refractive index. Results were compared to commonly applied linear color and multivariate partial least squares (PLS) regression analysis. The approaches were validated on fruits at different ripeness stages, providing variation in the scattering coefficient and refractive index exceeding the calibration sample set.In the validation, the measuring uncertainty of non-destructively analyzing fruits with Vis/NIR spectra by means of PLS or Lambert-Beer in comparison with combined application of Vis/NIR spectroscopy and DTOF measurements showed a dramatic bias reduction as well as enhanced coefficients of determination when using both, the spectral intensities and apparent information on the scattering influence by means of DTOF readings. Corrections for the refractive index did not render improved results.     

浅论镁离子对啤酒发酵的影响

讨论了麦汁中镁离子含量对啤酒酵母发酵的影响。镁离子是酵母代谢过程中许多酶的重要辅助因子,它的浓度直接影响啤酒的发酵。提高镁离子的含量,均会提高初始发酵率,提高酵母活性,促进酵母对麦芽三糖及麦芽糖的吸收,增加酒精生成率和生成量,从而提高啤酒发酵度。     

Effect of Storage on the Biochemical Structure and Processing Quality of Adzuki Bean (Vigna angularis)

Storage of adzuki beans and other pulse grains causes biochemical and physical changes that affect the hydration properties of the beans. This affects the quality of products made from the beans such as the Japanese bean paste “ann.” Storage, particularly under unfavourable conditions, leads to the “hard shell” phenomenon, where beans fail to imbibe water when soaked and remain hard, and the “hard-to-cook” phenomenon where the seeds hydrate normally, but the cotyledon fails to hydrate and soften during cooking. The hard shell phenomenon is attributable to impermeability of the seed coat to water, which is due to biochemical changes in the seed coat, such as the formation of protein-tannin complexes, and biophysical changes such as reduction in size or closure of the straphiole aperture in the hilum area—the main area for water entry into the adzuki bean. The hard-to-cook phenomenon is due to changes in the cotyledon tissue, which include formation of insoluble pectinates, lignification of the cell wall and middle lamella, interaction of condensed tannins with proteins and starch, and changes to the structure and functionality of the cellular proteins and starch.     

纱线毛羽的方向性研究

为了利用毛羽方向的特性,有效控制毛羽增长幅度,达到降低毛羽,提高成纱质量的目的,从分析毛羽成因入手,介绍了毛羽方向性的形成原因、纱线毛羽方向的特性,重点研究了毛羽方向与纺纱过程的关系及毛羽方向性在新型纺纱中的特征。指出毛羽方向分为正向毛羽、反向毛羽、不定向毛羽三类,且三者之间可相互转换;毛羽方向与细纱卷绕密度,络筒退绕动程、络筒络纱速度、络纱张力,钢领钢丝圈、细纱至络筒摩擦倒向以及毛羽测试张力等关系密切,且络筒工序毛羽方向改变是毛羽增长的主要原因;毛羽方向性是纱线毛羽所具有的特征,控制络筒毛羽增长实质上就是减少倒向造成毛羽形态改变及方向发生改变后的定向,并不是真正的去除毛羽,利用毛羽的方向特性,可有效地控制毛羽的增长幅度,提高纱线质量。