湖北黄石鱼明石宝石及其共生组合矿物

中国湖北黄石地区产出的羟鱼眼石晶体,晶体形貌不同于印度浦那鱼眼石,晶体形态多样,色阶丰富,与其共（伴）生组合产出的矿物晶２ 多种多样,其中有具宝石性质的红硅 钙锰矿、硅硼钙石、碳酸钡矿、东沸石、紫水晶等１０多种,不仅极具观赏和收藏价值,而且具有重要的研究价值。     

湖北黄石与印度浦那鱼眼石的宝石学特征对比研究

近年来,在湖北黄石地区发现了具有重要研究价值的鱼眼石晶体,其结晶习性与其它地区的鱼眼石有一定的区别。以湖北黄石与印度浦那鱼眼石晶体为研究对象,采用宝石学常规仪器、电子探针、激光拉曼光谱仪对比分析了两者的晶体特征、化学成分和包裹体等。结果显示,湖北黄石鱼眼石样品的结晶形态以板状为主,印度浦那鱼眼石样品则以柱状为主;所有样品的主要元素均为Si,Ca和K,但湖北黄石鱼眼石样品中还含有Al和Na元素;湖北黄石鱼眼石样品以气液两相包裹体为主,印度浦那鱼眼石样品则以石英、沸石等晶体包裹体为主。     

江苏溧阳鱼眼石宝石矿物的研究

江苏溧阳鱼眼石宝石矿物是在80年代发现的,虽作过多次报道,但没有系统的研究报告,对鱼眼石宝石矿物的野外产状及室内分析研究进行了系统总结,认为本区鱼眼石矿物是多期次形成的,宝石级鱼眼石形成的温度较高,颜色鲜艳、矿物晶体大者是鱼眼石宝石原料,晶簇状的鱼眼石可作观赏宝石。     

我国的鱼眼石资源

我国自八十年代在江苏省溧阳发现宝石级鱼眼石矿物以来,先后又在青海、湖北、辽宁等省区发现有鱼眼石晶簇观赏石。 鱼眼石是一种含水和氟的层状硅酸盐矿物。其理论分子式为： KCa4[Si8O20]F· 8H2O,晶体属四方晶系。 江苏溧阳鱼眼石矿物有无色、白色、淡红色、桃红色等色调。晶体以板状为主,亦见柱状、粒状者。晶面呈玻璃光泽至珍珠光泽。强光照射下常见晕色;断口具明显的油脂光泽。摩氏硬度 (H)为 4.5～ 5;密度为： 2.3～ 2.4g／ cm3。 伟晶鱼眼石晶体长轴为 1cm～ 3cm,最大的鱼眼石单晶体可达 1.5cm× 2.5cm× 4cm以上。 最…     

趣谈鱼眼石宝石

俗话说:物以稀为贵。宝石也不例外,鱼眼石宝石就是一种罕见的、十分珍贵的宝石。鱼眼石是一种含水和氟的钾钙硅酸盐矿物,化学成分为:KCa[Si_4O_(10)]_2(F·OH)·8H_2O。鱼眼石矿物的颜色多种多样,有无色、白色、浅红色、桃红色等。矿物透明至半透明,也有不透明者。鱼眼石属四方晶系,晶体常为短柱状、板状、粒状。晶面具玻璃光泽,断口呈油脂光泽,沿解理面常见美丽的晕色。鱼眼石的摩氏硬度高4.5～5。比重为2.3～2.4。板状晶体的侧面有时可见平行生长的横纹。我国鱼眼石宝石主要产地在江苏。     

萤石观赏石的评价及收藏

萤石观赏石的评价及收藏金奎喜观赏石，是指大自然中产出的具有欣赏价值和商品价值的天然石质艺术品，它属于广义的宝石范畴。雅石、奇石、怪石、趣石等都属观赏石之列，一般是指绚丽多姿的矿物晶体（簇）、天然造型的各类岩石、形象生动的古生物化石等。在我国，石玩久已...     

鱼眼石

作为晶体观赏石和宝石材料，鱼眼石是一种比较罕见的矿物，它是与氟、羟基化合并含结晶水的钾钙硅酸盐，化学分子式为ＫＣａＳｉ８Ｏ２０（Ｆ、ＯＨ）８Ｈ２Ｏ，属四方晶系，硬度４．５－５，透明晶体呈玻璃光泽，半透明晶体呈珍珠光泽，完美晶型为四方柱与八面体的聚合，...     

浅谈观赏石的分类及其价值评估

提出了观赏石的定义,根据其产出的地质背景、形态特征和特殊意义,将观赏石分为造型石、图纹石、矿物晶体、化石和特种石。阐述了观赏石的种类、品质等级、稀有性、产地、组合性、特殊意义以及市场变化等因素对观赏石价值的影响。讨论了观赏石价值的评估方法,分析了目前观赏石价值评估面临的主要问题。     

湖南的矿物晶体观赏石及贸易

湖南省的矿物晶体品种多，质量好，数量大，贸易和收藏起步早。观赏石品种多达30多种，除常见品种外，还有不少罕见品种，如香花石和纤钡锂石在世界上绝无仅有。湖南自开采矿物晶体至今已有22年的历史，在此期间，九大矿物晶体产区产出大量的     

内蒙古黄岗夕卡岩型锡铁矿床矿物晶体产出特征简介

内蒙古黄岗锡铁矿床是大兴安岭成矿带南段的一个重要的矿床,其金属矿产储量巨大,且蕴含着价值巨大精美的矿物晶体资源。该矿床因产出的众多珍贵矿物晶体标本而享誉国际,但在国内却鲜为人知。笔者对黄岗矿区矿物晶体的产出特征进行了简要介绍,重点对Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅴ区等主要产出地的矿物晶体品种和特征进行简要叙述。矿物晶体是一门新兴学科,在国外一些发达国家已受到了广泛的关注,相比而言,我国仍处于起步阶段。许多珍贵的矿物晶体标本由于缺乏认识而被破坏或廉价出售,造成了巨大的损失,未来需要引起各界的高度重视,使得矿物晶体学科研究、收藏和贸易深入的发展。     

静压法合成人造金刚石晶体生长机理研究进展

文章综述了静压法合成人造金刚石晶体生长机理,但现有理论模型都存在不足,不能圆满解释合成中出现的各种现象。通过综述提出对金刚石晶体生长机理研究的必要性,并对其作出了展望。     

云南元江红宝石中包裹体的拉曼光谱特征

采用激光拉曼光谱对云南元江红宝石中的包裹体进行了初步研究,结果表明,云南元江红宝石中含有锆石、方解石、磷灰石及金红石等结晶矿物包裹体,对红宝石中矿物包裹体的拉曼光谱的归属进行了讨论。     

平面蒸发法制备氯化钠颗粒

氯化钠是工业生产和人类生活重要的无机盐产品。研究通过平面蒸发的方法制备了氯化钠结晶,考察了不同的蒸发温度、结晶时间以及添加剂种类对氯化钠粒径分布的影响。结果表明,随着温度从50℃到70℃和时间从3.5 h到6.5 h的增加,大颗粒氯化钠呈现增加的趋势。MgCl2、CaCl2和ZnCl2的加入有助于氯化钠晶粒的生长,并且对氯化钠的结晶形态有影响。     

硫酸钙晶须用作造纸填料的性能分析

传统磷肥生产工艺产生的石膏固体废渣,因含大量有害杂质而未能有效回收利用.该文介绍了一种酸解磷矿提取硫酸钙晶须的新工艺流程,并对硫酸钙晶须产品的表面形貌、矿物成分和结晶水组成等性能进行分析.结果表明,酸解磷矿提取的硫酸钙晶须主要以二水硫酸钙的形式存在,其杂质含量少,纯度高;晶须主要呈针状结构,长度在5～100 μm,宽度在5～10 μm,长宽比在5∶1～20∶1：硫酸钙晶须用作造纸填料,具有白度高、磨耗低和溶解度高等特点.     

Monitoring Deformation Processes in High-performance Fibres using Raman Spectroscopy

It is demonstrated that Raman spectroscopy is a powerful technique for the analysis of the relationship between structure and deformation processes in high-performance fibres. A brief review is presented of the developments in instrumentation that have enabled Raman spectroscopy to become so powerful for such studies. Examples are given of the application of the technique to follow molecular deformation processes in different aramid fibres. It is demonstrated that the behaviour is consistent with the deformation being controlled by a uniform stress series-type model where deformation takes place through a combination of crystal stretching and crystal rotation. The stress-induced Raman band shifts are a direct measure of crystal stretching. It is further demonstrated that the deformation of polyester fibres can be interpreted in a similar way. The Raman technique is extended to the analysis of the relationship between structure and mechanical properties on carbon fibres where it is again shown that the behaviour can be modelled successfully by a uniform stress model.     

并五苯二聚体转移积分的研究

在有机晶体中,研究载流子的迁移率是十分重要的,而影响载流子迁移率的两个主要参数是分子的转移积分和分子重组能。通过采用二聚体能级分裂方法和科普斯曼定理,研究转移积分对载流子传输的影响,得到了并五苯二聚体在不同状态下的转移积分。主要计算了两种情况,一个是共面二聚体的转移积分随距离变化的函数关系;另一个是共面二聚体中的一个分子绕垂直于并五苯分子平面旋转一个角度,得到转移积分随这个转角的函数关系。     

Manganese oxides with rod-, wire-, tube-, and flower-like morphologies: highly effective catalysts for the removal of toluene

Nanosized rod-like, wire-like, and tubular α-MnO(2) and flower-like spherical Mn(2)O(3) have been prepared via the hydrothermal method and the CCl(4) solution method, respectively. The physicochemical properties of the materials were characterized using numerous analytical techniques. The catalytic activities of the catalysts were evaluated for toluene oxidation. It is shown that α-MnO(2) nanorods, nanowires, and nanotubes with a surface area of 45-83 m(2)/g were tetragonal in crystal structure, whereas flower-like spherical Mn(2)O(3) with a surface area of 162 m(2)/g was of cubic crystal structure. There were the presence of surface Mn ions in multiple oxidation states (e.g., Mn(3+), Mn(4+), or even Mn(2+)) and the formation of surface oxygen vacancies. The oxygen adspecies concentration and low-temperature reducibility decreased in the order of rod-like α-MnO(2) > tube-like α-MnO(2) > flower-like Mn(2)O(3) > wire-like α-MnO(2), in good agreement with the sequence of the catalytic performance of these samples. The best-performing rod-like α-MnO(2) catalyst could effectively catalyze the total oxidation of toluene at lower temperatures (T(50%) = 210 °C and T(90%) = 225 °C at space velocity = 20,000 mL/(g h)). It is concluded that the excellent catalytic performance of α-MnO(2) nanorods might be associated with the high oxygen adspecies concentration and good low-temperature reducibility. We are sure that such one-dimensional well-defined morphological manganese oxides are promising materials for the catalytic elimination of air pollutants.     

味精的起晶新方法

本文简要介绍了用超声波刺激味精溶液快速超晶制种的新方法，与传统的制税法相比，这种新方法具有制种快、制得晶种数目稳定且粒子均匀、表面较完整等特点，投种量可从原来的最高20％（对产品比）降低至千分之一左右，且在实验室条件下进行的有晶试验表明，用新法制得的晶核投种后，结晶生长过程平稳，伪晶较少，整晶次数亦减少，品形良好，值得在实际生产中推广应用．     

Detergent alkaline proteases: enzymatic properties, genes, and crystal structures

Subtilisin-like serine proteases from bacilli have been used in various industrial fields worldwide, particularly in the production of laundry and automatic dishwashing detergents. They belong to family A of the subtilase superfamily, which is composed of three clans, namely, true subtilisins, high-alkaline proteases, and intracellular proteases. We succeeded in the large-scale production of a high-alkaline protease (M-protease) from alkaliphilic Bacillus clausii KSM-K16, and the enzyme has been introduced into compact heavy-duty laundry detergents. We have also succeeded in the industrial-scale production of a new alkaline protease, KP-43, which was originally resistant to chemical oxidants and to surfactants, produced by alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. strain KSM-KP43 and have incorporated it into laundry detergents. KP-43 and related proteases form a new clan, oxidatively stable proteases, in subtilase family A. In this review, we describe the enzymatic properties, gene sequences, and crystal structures of M-protease, KP-43, and related enzymes.     

Food-derived antithrombotic peptides: Preparation,identification, and interactions with thrombin

Abstract

Thromboembolism and its sequelae have been the leading causes of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Food-derived antithrombotic peptides, as potential ingredients in health-promoting functional foods targeting thrombus, have attracted increasing attention because of their high biological activities, low toxicity, and ease of metabolism in the human body. This review presents the conventional workflow of preparation, isolation and identification of antithrombotic peptides from various kinds of food materials. More importantly, to analyze the antithrombotic effects and mechanism of antithrombotic peptides, methods for interaction of anticoagulant peptides and thrombin, the main participant in thrombosis, were analyzed from biochemistry, solution chemistry and crystal chemistry. The present study is intended to highlight the recent advances in research of food-derived antithrombotic peptide as a novel vehicle in the field of food science and nutrition. Future outlooks are highlighted with the aim to suggest a research line to be followed in further studies with the introduced research approach.