调整染色工艺节能增效

介绍了高固色活性染料的应用、生物酶前处理工艺的应用、代用碱剂的应用、纯棉染色工艺调整、一浴法染色工艺应用、酸性皂洗剂的应用、染色一次成功率的提高等7个方面的工艺调整和应用,并分别指出调整和应用后节能增效的情况。     

应用数学推动信息化发展问题探究

随着科学技术的发展,各个行业的信息化程度越来越高,对行业的生产效率产生了重要影响。因此,应用数学和信息化的深度融合十分必要,应用数学在信息化领域中的应用主要有网络科技、数据加密和图像处理等。本文首先分析了应用数学和信息化的概念,然后提出了应用数学在信息化领域中的应用。     

应用游戏中应用源的发掘与创新

应用游戏有着很广的发展前景，如何发掘应用游戏的应用点和创新点显得至关重要。本文从应用游戏的应用源出发，将其分成五大类，从可作用的方面、具体实例、存在优势和未来发展几个方面进行探讨。     

计算机在制革生产中的应用

本文指出了计算机在制革生产中的应用范围。通过对计算机在制革厂已经应用的领域和有可能应用到的领域的分析，指出计算机应用所面临的问题和发展方向。     

’95造纸化学品应用技术交流会在沪召开

由中国造纸化学品工业协会和上海造纸学会于95年12月21日至22日在上海召开旨在进一步加强造纸化学品和造纸两大行业之间的沟通和交流,进一步加强造纸化学品的推广和应用的’95造纸化学品应用技术交流会,就助留、增强两性助剂的生产与应用、湿强剂的应用与发展、浆内添加改性淀粉及层间增强淀粉的发展与应用、造纸用超细碳酸钙的生产与应用、分散剂的应用技术等进行交流和研讨。出席会议的有来自各地的造纸化学品研制生产单位和造纸厂的代表共     

论数学应用问题解决的认知过程模式

数学应用问题是国内外数学问题研究是数学问题解决的关键,数学应用问题解决是一个完整的知识结构系统,主要构成要素分为情节关系和数量关系,只有加强数学应用问题解决的认知过程,才能是学生理解问题的真实意义和蕴藏的关系,使学生利用数学思想方法进行总结和应用,数学应用问题是培养学生的应用能力和应用意识。数学应用问题是一个由情景理解与问题表征、问题归类与模式识别、建模解模与解题迁移、验模用模与自我评价四个互相关联的动态知识结构系统,认知因素、非认知因素、外部环境因素和问题情景结构因素是影响数学应用问题解决方案的重要因素。     

简介农业废弃物玉米芯的资源化和应用

文章简要介绍玉米芯资源化利用途径和丰富的资源存量以及广泛的应用,其应用有普通化应用和推广应用。     

天然提取物在纺织品加工中的应用及展望

介绍了天然提取物在纺织品加工中的应用,包括天然染料的种类和特点、天然染料应用和研究现状、天然提取物在纺织品抗菌整理和抗紫外整理等方面的应用等。还分析了天然提取物在纺织品加工中的应用前景。     

我国木工刀具材料发展概况

文章对我国木工刀具应用材料概况进行了论述,并针对目前应用的工具钢、高速钢、硬质合金、陶瓷材料、聚晶材料等具体材料的发展应用过程、分类和性能特点进行了详细论述,根据刀具应用材料的发展和应用的现状预测了木工刀具材料未来发展趋势     

蠕动泵在化学反应过程中的应用

为了减轻化学实验人员的劳动强度,提出采用蠕动泵进料。论述了蠕动泵的发展现状,从化学反应过程的应用角度详细阐述了蠕动泵的应用特点和优势,表明蠕动泵在化学反应过程中应用的可行性,简述了蠕动泵软管的应用要求和蠕动泵在应用过程中的控制方法。     

Color characteristics and the influence factors of folk embroidered shoes in modern Jiangnan北大核心CSCD

Embroidered shoes have a long history. They were popular in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and are still popular in the Republic of China. They are traditional folk clothing accessories in Jiangnan area. The folk embroidered shoes in modern Jiangnan have great regional characteristics in shape technology and color and are rich in profound cultural connotation. They are handicrafts that perfectly combine traditional costumes and embroidery technology reflecting the unique charm of the costumes in the water town of Jiangnan. At present the researches on embroidered shoes in Jiangnan area are mainly analyzed from the perspective of manufacturing technology artistic characteristics and cultural connotation and rarely expounds its aesthetic characteristics and influencing factors from the perspective of color. Therefore the research on the color of modern Jiangnan folk embroidered shoes can restore the beauty of regional culture and help to carry forward and inherit Chinese traditional clothing culture. This paper made physical color measurement quantitative and qualitative statistics on the color of modern Jiangnan folk embroidered shoes which were collected in the Folk Costume Museum of Jiangnan University. It summarized the color characteristics of Jiangnan folk embroidered shoes analyzed the color aesthetics from three angles color layout color composition form and color implementation technology and explored the influence factors of the color formation of modern Jiangnan folk embroidered shoes from four aspects natural environment history and culture ideological belief and living customs. The research shows that the color of folk embroidered shoes in modern Jiangnan has obvious regional characteristics. Most of the main colors are simple and elegant mostly black navy blue and blue and decorated with red blue yellow and green with high saturation and high brightness. They form a color combination of "great unity and small contrast". The overall patterns of embroidered shoes are full of rhythm which can reflect the interest of the material and spiritual life of the Han nationality and contain profound cultural connotation. Its exquisite embroidery technology also enhanced the visual impact of embroidered shoes and the aesthetic value of patterns. Modern Jiangnan folk embroidered shoes have harmonious color proportion unique form and exquisite implementation technology. The local regional environment has a certain impact on the color composition of embroidered shoes. The humid and rainy climate the realistic and pragmatic Wu cultural concept the fresh and inaction color concept and the living customs of rice farming create the simple and elegant color image of Jiangnan folk costumes and highlight the gentle and beautiful image of Jiangnan women. This paper payed attention to the combination of empirical research and mathematical statistics excavated the influence of regional environment on the color of folk embroidered shoes in modern Jiangnan integrated art science and geography to explore the regional characteristics of costume color. In the future research we can further explore the age and occupation of the people wearing embroidered shoes in Jiangnan so as to make the research content more perfect. © 2022 China Silk Association. All rights reserved.     

蛋白酶和脂肪酶对稀奶油-乳清体系发酵特性及风味的影响

通过测定发酵过程中发酵动力学参数变化,利用顶空-固相微萃取和气相色谱-质谱法测定发酵60?h体系中挥发性风味物质,并进行主成分分析和感官评定,研究单独添加及复配添加蛋白酶和脂肪酶对稀奶油-乳清体系发酵特性及风味的影响。结果表明：风味物质以挥发性羧酸类、酮类和酯类为主。蛋白酶促进pH值下降、乳酸菌增殖和产酸,明显促进酮类生成,可增强体系的风味,提高风味品质;脂肪酶可引起滴定酸度大幅度上升,抑制乳酸菌增殖和产酸,但明显促进羧酸类生成,并产生酯类,可明显改变风味,赋予体系丰富的风味;复配添加后,结合2?种酶的特点,酯类产量上升,增香效果更明显,可显著改变风味,具有缓和大量挥发性羧酸带来的刺激性酸味作用。     

Overview on the mechanisms of coffee germination and fermentation and their significance for coffee and coffee beverage quality

Quality of coffee is a complex trait and is influenced by physical and sensory parameters. A complex succession of transformations during the processing of seeds to roasted coffee will inevitably influence the in-cup attributes of coffee. Germination and fermentation of the beans are two bioprocesses that take place during post-harvest treatment, and may lead to significant modifications of coffee attributes. The aim of this review is to address the current knowledge of dynamics of these two processes and their significance for bean modifications and coffee quality. The first part of this review gives an overview of coffee germination and its influence on coffee chemistry and quality. The germination process initiates while these non-orthodox seeds are still inside the cherry. This process is asynchronous and the evolution of germination depends on how the beans are processed. A range of metabolic reactions takes place during germination and can influence the carbohydrate, protein, and lipid composition of the beans. The second part of this review focuses on the microbiota associated with the beans during post-harvesting, exploring its effects on coffee quality and safety. The microbiota associated with the coffee cherries and beans comprise several bacterial, yeast, and fungal species and affects the processing from cherries to coffee beans. Indigenous bacteria and yeasts play a role in the degradation of pulp/mucilage, and their metabolism can affect the sensory attributes of coffee. On the other hand, the fungal population occurring during post-harvest and storage negatively affects coffee quality, especially regarding spoilage, off-tastes, and mycotoxin production.     

赤霞珠葡萄生长发育过程中内源激素的变化及其与果实成熟的关系

为研究赤霞珠葡萄果实发育过程中不同组织(果皮、果肉和种子)内源激素的含量变化及其与果实成熟的关系,用高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术测定果实发育过程中果皮、果肉以及种子中脱落酸(abscisic acid,ABA)、生长素(indole acetic acid,IAA)、赤霉素(gibberellin A_3,GA_3)、茉莉酸(jasmonic acid,JA)和水杨酸(salicylic acid,SA)的含量。结果发现,在葡萄果实生长发育过程中,葡萄果皮和果皮中ABA含量呈双S型变化,花后20 d左右,ABA含量较高,随着果实膨大开始下降,随后开始上升,至转色中期达到最大值,随着果实的成熟缓慢下降;果皮、果肉和种子中GA_3含量均是从果实膨大期开始上升,膨大后期下降,随后在转色初期又开始上升,随后下降;JA含量的变化与GA_3类似;果皮和果肉中IAA含量首先略微下降,在果实快速生长期迅速上升,并达到峰值,随着果实进入转色期,含量逐渐下降并保持稳定,果实膨大期之前,种子中IAA含量较高,随着果实膨大降低,并维持在较低水平,SA含量的变化与IAA类似。结论:ABA、GA_3、JA含量与赤霞珠果实成熟有关,IAA、GA_3、SA、JA含量与赤霞珠果实生长有关。     

Chlorophylls,carotenoids and anthocyanin concentrations in the skin of ‘Gala’ apples during maturation and the influence of foliar applications of nitrogen and magnesium

‘Gala’ apple fruit were sampled over two growing seasons, to determine the effects of maturation, and of foliar applications of nitrogen and magnesium on pigment concentrations and colour development in maturing fruit. Treatments of urea and/or magnesium sulphate sprays were applied to the trees in a commercial orchard. The chlorophyll, carotenoid and anthocyanin concentrations in the fruit skin were determined for both the blush and back sides over 15 harvests in 1991–1992. In 1990–1991, the skin chlorophyll concentrations were determined only for the back side of the fruit. The fruit nitrogen, magnesium and sulphur concentrations were determined near maturity. The concentrations of chlorophyll and carotenoids in apple skin decreased from the first harvest in 1991–1992 as the fresh weight increased from 12 g, 40 days from flowering to 140 g, 138 days from flowering. Chlorophyll continued to decrease whereas carotenoid concentrations increased after 138 days and until at least 153 days. The average skin chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations were higher on the blush side of the fruit than on the back. The total chlorophyll per fruit increased from the first harvest to a peak about 70 days after flowering in 1990–1991 and then decreased over the remainder of the period studied. The time of this peak was about 40 days later in the 1991–1992 season compared with the 1990–1991 season. The total carotenoid increased up to about 50 days after flowering in 1991–1992, fluctuated and then decreased up to 138 days when the amount increased again. The ratio of carotenoids to chlorophylls was highest for the first three harvests, fluctuated somewhat up to c 138 days after flowering after which the ratio increased rapidly. The anthocyanin concentrations were low and fluctuated up to 130 days from flowering and then increased markedly only on the blush side at 130 days, about 14 days before the carotenoids started to increase. The treatment of the tree canopy with urea increased the chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations in the fruit skin, 14–20 days after the first application until after maturity, more so on the blush side than on the back side. These increased concentrations were maintained up to the harvest after which carotenoid concentrations increased. The urea treatment lessened the increase of anthocyanin concentrations in the blush side skin of the fruit, at maturity. At maturity, the nitrogen concentration of fruit from urea treated trees was higher than those from untreated trees. The magnesium sulphate treatment of the canopy increased the chlorophyll and carotenoid concentration on the back of the fruit within 20–30 days from commencing spraying. The ‘ground colour’ scores for the back sides of the fruit (used for fruit picking and grading) were greener for the urea treated fruit and reached an acceptable score about two weeks later than the untreated fruit. ©1998 SCI     

Varietal differentiation of Tannat,Cabernet-Sauvignon and Merlot grapes and wines according to their anthocyanic composition

The aim of this paper was to establish the correspondence between the anthocyanic profiles of grapes and wines produced in Uruguay. For this purpose, Tannat, Cabernet-Sauvignon and Merlot vineyards in 2002 and 2003 were considered. Grapes samples were taken in the harvest and were peeled, and the skins were stored at −20 °C until analysis. After that, skins were macerated in a 12% ethanol and pH 3,2 solution for 24 hours. Vinifications were carried out with 50 kg of grapes and two replications per vineyard. The anthocyanic composition of the skins extracts and the wines were analysed by H.P.L.C. Delphinidin, petunidin and non-acylated glucosides proportions were significantly higher in Tannat skins and wines. Malvidin and acetates proportions were significantly higher in Cabernet-Sauvignon grapes and wines. Peonidin and coumarates proportions were higher in Merlot skins and wines. The relation between the acetyl and coumarylic forms allowed the differentiation of Cabernet-Sauvignon grapes and wines from Merlot and Tannat, but not these among themselves. The combined consideration of the anthocyanic forms proportions allowed the discrimination of the totality of the grapes and wines samples of each variety.     

An analysis on the evolution of the Sihe Ruyi cloud pattern in the Ming Dynasty北大核心CSCD

作为明代特色典型纹样之一,四合如意云纹的艺术特征独具时代特色。文章以明代织物、画像中的四合如意云纹为研究对象,基于实物样本图片,结合相关史料,梳理总结其发展脉络,从单元造型、基本组织形式、色彩表现和面料工艺四方面对其进行解析,揭示其形式在明代的发展演变过程。研究表明:四合如意云纹从明代初期到明代晚期单元造型由结构松散、自由简洁逐渐丰满圆润、结构稳定;组织形式由单一严谨逐渐丰富多样;色彩由单调浅淡、贵贱有等逐渐华丽多姿、违礼逾制;面料工艺由用料有等、技法单一逐渐竞相奢侈、精巧别致。     

赛络集聚纺专件器材的选择和管理

为了稳定赛络集聚纺成纱质量,分析了专件器材对赛络集聚纺的影响和作用。分别对胶辊、胶圈、网格圈、钢领、钢丝圈、碳纤上销和压力棒隔距块及气动和板簧摇架等专件器材的选择和管理提出建议。通过对比,分析两种摇架的生产数据和普通上销及隔距块与碳纤上销及压力棒隔距块对赛络集聚纺的影响,最后强调加强赛络集聚纺专件器材的选用与管理,以进一步提高赛络集聚纺的成纱质量。     

精梳机用梳理器材专件的技术创新与优选

通过对关键梳理器材及专件结构与性能特点的分析,阐明了国内外精梳器材及专件的创新技术方向,并概括出精梳梳理器材及专件的优选配套总体原则;指出我国现代精梳梳理器材及专件的技术水平与国际先进水平的差距正在不断缩小,部分国产精梳器材、专件的性价比优于国外同类产品.