Understanding the influence of fibre,yarn and fabric parameters on UV protection of wool-knitted fabrics

This work investigated the influence of fibre, yarn and fabric parameters on the UV protection of fabrics. It proposed a model for UV interaction based on a theoretical hypothesis, targeted experimentation and statistical analysis. Undyed and untreated wool-knitted fabrics with varying mean fibre diameter, yarn linear density, yarn twist, fabric cover factor and fabric structure were examined. A statistical model was presented to report the relationship between fibre/yarn/fabric parameters and fabric UPF values. An optical model on the interaction between the UV light and a single jersey fabric was constructed to understand the penetration of UV light. The models were verified by the UV transmittance results of knitted wool fabrics. The results obtained from the statistical and optical models were used to propose a set of optimized parameters for lightweight summer/spring UV-protective knitted fabrics. Testing confirmed that these fabric parameters provided both high UV protection and good tactile comfort.     

Relationship between bursting strength and ultraviolet protection property of 100% cotton-knitted fabrics

In this study, the effect of bursting strength of knitted fabrics in relation to ultraviolet protection was studied. Different knitting structures were investigated, which included single jerseys such as plain, pineapple, lacoste and other combinations of different knitting stitches of knit, tuck and miss as well as double-jersey fabrics of half Milano, full Milano, half cardigan, full cardigan, 1 × 1 rib and interlock. Experimental results show that when comparing different structures, the change in bursting strength with ultraviolet protection factor was found to be significant.     

Impact resistance behaviour of silicone coated warp knitted spacer fabrics used for protective clothing

This paper aims to analyse the effect of coating, fabric layers and structural parameters on the impact resistance behaviour of warp knitted spacer fabrics used for protective clothing. For this purpose, six warp knitted spacer fabrics were produced by varying thickness and mesh structure and were coated with a silicone substrate. A drop-weight impact tester was used to determine the impact resistance characteristics of the samples. The results indicate that, the impact resistance properties of warp knitted spacer fabrics can be improved considerably by coating as reducing approximately 10 kN of the peak transmitted force. Also, the structural parameters such as fabric thickness and mesh structure have significant effects on impact resistance behaviour of the samples. The fabrics with higher thickness and smaller size mesh on the outer layers have better impact resistance properties. Additionally, the lamination of spacer fabrics can effectively improve the impact resistance characteristics of the spacer fabrics. The warp knitted spacer fabrics can be used as an energy absorbing material for body protection by varying their structural parameters, fabric lamination and/or by coating.     

Development of multi-functional cotton surface for sportswear using nano zinc oxide

ABSTRACT

This paper reports the development of multi-functional cotton knitted fabric by two-stage process. Cotton knitted fabric was finished with in situ generated nano zinc oxide (nano-ZnO) followed by electrospraying Arkophop FFR a non-fluorocarbon-based hydrophobic chemical. Electrospraying was carried out with different flow rates (0.01 and 0.02 mL/min) and durations (1– min) with the help of microprocessor controlled syringe pump. The fabric was analyzed for its antimicrobial, UV protective, and moisture management (MMT) properties. FTIR study confirmed the formation of hydrophobic chemical finish on one surface of cotton fabrics. Scanning electron microscope observation showed the presence of nano-ZnO and hydrophobic finish on the electrosprayed surface of the cotton fabric. One-way moisture transport rating of the treated fabric using MMT test was found to be very good for 0.01 mL/min flow rate of the hydrophobic chemical for duration of 3 min using an optimized voltage of 20 kV and the distance of 15 cm between the nozzle and the collector. In situ generated nano-ZnO positively influenced the MMT properties of the treated cotton fabric.     

Electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of carbon/stainless steel/polypropylene hybrid yarn-based knitted fabrics and their composites

In this study, a range of conductive hybrid knitted fabrics and their composites have been investigated for shielding effectiveness in the frequency ranges of 50 MHz to 1.5 GHz (low frequency) and 4 to 8 GHz (C-Band). Carbon and stainless steel (SS) filaments were combined in Dref-3 spinning machine and different hybrid yarns were prepared. The plain- and rib-knitted fabrics were made in V-bed flat knitting machine from the prepared hybrid yarns. The composite laminate was prepared by sandwiching a ply of fabric between the polypropylene films in compression moulding machine at 180 °C for 5 min under a consolidation pressure of 12 bar. All the fabrics and composites were tested for shielding effectiveness (SE) in coaxial transmission line and C-band waveguide with the help of vector network analyser. It was observed that fabric having both conductive loop and inlaid yarns exhibited higher SE of 20.2 dB than other fabrics in low-frequency range. However, in the composite form, carbon composite with SS inlaid yarn showed better SE of 45 dB than other composites. In C-band frequency range, conductive loop fabric structures yielded high shielding effect in course direction compared to wales direction. Compared to fabric form, the composite showed higher SE for all frequency ranges. This study proposes that knitted fabrics and their composites can be utilized as electromagnetic shields in wide frequency ranges.     

Ultraviolet protection of weft-knitted fabrics

Increased incidence of skin cancers worldwide has expedited the development and research of ultraviolet (UV)-protective clothing. Clothing acting as a ‘second skin’ for human beings provides a more durable protection against harmful UV radiation than sunscreen creams. The market value of UV-protective clothing is worth considering. This paper will provide important information to textile designers, manufacturers, and consumers about the production and selection of UV-protective knitwear. Although various factors that affect UV protection of fabrics have been studied by researchers, most of them focused on woven fabrics and chemical approaches for improving UV protection. Knitwear in the form of daily wear is an indispensable form of clothing in summer but there has been limited research concerning the UV-protective properties of weft-knitted fabrics to date, in particular the influence of fabric construction on UV protection factor (UPF) and fabric structural properties. This issue of Textile Progress reviews the major factors that affect UV protection by fabrics, including fibre types, yarn characteristics, fabric construction, colouration, chemical additives, wetness (rather than just the moisture absorbed into the fibres), the stretching that may occur in clothing, and the effects of laundering. Methods for evaluating the UV-protective ability of fabrics are also addressed. There is also an attempt to fill a research gap by investigating the influence of different knitted structures on a fabric's UPF, through incorporation of the three major stitch types in weft-knitted fabric constructions, namely the knit, tuck, and miss stitches.     

Superhydrophobic and ultraviolet protective nylon fabrics by modified nano silica coating

Superhydrophobic and UV protective textiles are of growing interest from the last few decades. In this study, silica nanoparticles (SiO₂) were synthesized by the sol-gel method. The synthesized silica nanoparticles were applied on nylon knitted fabric by pad-dry-cure technique. The silica nanoparticles coating on fabric was modified by in situ deposition of zinc oxide (ZnO) followed by hydrophobic modification using sodium stearate (SS). The fabrics were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X ray diffractometry, and scanning electron microscopy. The hydrophobic properties of the fabric were assessed by water contact angle measurement and ultraviolet protection properties of fabric were assessed by Australian/New Zealand Standard (AS/NZS 4399:1996). Modified fabric showed superhydrophobicity with water contact angle of 151°. The fabric also showed excellent ultraviolet protection with ultraviolet protection factor of 279.68. The fabric exhibited retention of hydrophobic and UV protection properties up to 10 washing cycles.     

玄武岩纤维针织物的尺寸特性

为研究纤维性能对针织物尺寸特性的影响,在横机上编织了5种弯纱深度的平针、1+1罗纹、满针罗纹和米拉诺组织玄武岩纤维针织物。通过对松弛后织物的尺寸参数的测试,分析玄武岩纤维针织物纵向、横向以及面积尺寸随时间的变化规律,并对织物密度进行回归分析。结果表明,玄武岩纤维织物密度与线圈长度倒数呈正线性相关的关系。比较了玄武岩纤维针织物与毛/腈针织物的线圈形态,由于玄武岩纤维具有较高的抗弯刚度,其针织物的线圈形态较为扁平。通过对玄武岩纤维针织物尺寸特性的研究,可实现织前对织物尺寸的预测。     

羟基萘醌的合成及对羊毛织物防紫外线整理

文中以1,6-二羟基萘为原料、硫酸铈为氧化剂、正己烷为溶剂,氧化合成2,5-二羟基-1,4-萘醌(AUNQ-1),优化了合成工艺条件,并将AUNQ-1应用于羊毛织物的染色,测试染色后织物的染色牢度及防紫外线性能。结果表明,AUNQ-1优化合成条件为:n1,6-二羟基萘∶n硫酸铈=1∶4,反应温度20℃,反应时间1.2 h,最佳工艺条件下产率为26.31%;AUNQ-1染色羊毛织物耐皂洗色牢度和耐摩擦色牢度达到3~4级,紫外线透过率小于5.00%,UPF值大于50,具有优异的防紫外线性能。     

Role of weave design on the mechanical properties of 3D woven fabrics as reinforcements for structural composites

3D fabrics as reinforcement can be manipulated in discrete numbers of weave designs in order to earn maximum gain so that the desired mechanical properties of the composites can be achieved eventually for particular end use. Thus interest has been focused to investigate tensile, impact and knife penetration properties of 3D orthogonal and interlock structures of different weave designs by varying their binder interlacement patterns keeping stuffer binder ratio constant. The tensile properties were effectively influenced by the linear densities as well as crimp of load bearing tows, which were determined by the weave design of the fabric. The compact structure generated from regular weave pattern in case of 1 × 1 plain orthogonal and 1 × 1 plain interlock fabrics exhibited better impact energy absorption. Owing to higher values of peak energy in the knife penetration test, it is revealed that more is the number of fibres in the in-plane direction better is the protection.