蒙古族奶嚼口与下层凝乳中乳酸菌的筛选和比较研究

该研究以蒙古族奶嚼口和下层凝乳为原料,对乳酸菌进行计数和分离,通过产酸凝乳、耐胆盐实验及基因分析筛选并鉴定优良发酵菌株。结果表明,奶嚼口和下层凝乳中乳酸菌活菌数为（12.60±0.78）lg（CFU/mL）和（12.31±0.35）lg（CFU/mL）;分离获得的200株乳酸菌中有19株产酸凝乳能力较好,其中12株来源于奶嚼口,7株来自下层凝乳;在0.3 g/L和0.6 g/L胆盐环境中,奶嚼口中筛选出的乳酸菌具有更强的胆盐耐受性;奶嚼口筛选出11株乳酸乳球菌（Lactococcus lactis）和1株屎肠球菌（Enterococcus faecium）;下层凝乳筛选出的7株均为乳酸乳球菌。奶嚼口和下层凝乳中乳酸菌活菌数及种属并无明显差异,奶嚼口中分离的具有产酸凝乳能力的乳酸菌多于下层凝乳中所筛选的菌株,并有较强的胆盐耐受性。     

产ACE抑制肽菌株的筛选及其在模拟消化道环境中的活性分析

为了筛选出对血管紧张素转换酶（angiotensin-converting enzyme,ACE）抑制活性较高并且具有较强的耐酸耐胆盐和耐盐的乳酸菌,对实验室保存的27株乳酸菌进行了产酸能力、蛋白水解活力、ACE抑制活性、模拟胃肠道消化及酸、胆盐和盐耐受性的测定。结果显示,菌株M3的ACE抑制率可达71.94%±1.39%,具有较好的蛋白水解活力和产酸能力,蛋白水解活力为（86.66±3.51）μg/mL亮氨酸,滴定酸度为（71.67±2.86）°T。菌株M3经人工胃肠液分别处理3 h后,ACE抑制率为74.96%±1.73%;在pH3的环境中3 h,耐受性为14.34%±1.21%,活菌数能达到7 lg CFU mL?1以上;在含有0.3%胆盐的培养基中3 h,耐受性为37.50%±2.47%;在含有4% NaCl的培养基中24 h,耐受性为37.32%±1.84%。该菌经16S rDNA鉴定为Lactobacillus (Lb.) paracasei subsp. paracasei M3。因此,菌株Lb. paracasei subsp. paracasei M3可用作发酵牛乳富产ACE抑制肽且能耐受消化道环境具有益生菌潜力的菌株。     

小麦提取物对乳酸杆菌胆盐耐受力的影响

模拟人十二指肠高胆盐环境,研究小麦提取物对乳酸杆菌胆盐耐受力的影响,探讨作为生产益生菌食品的小麦基质对乳酸杆菌的保护作用。将约氏乳酸杆菌JJB3、SNZ10,罗伊氏乳酸杆菌MNZ8、KNZ4 株菌,在含有小麦提取物的10g/L 胆盐溶液,pH7.0 的磷酸盐缓冲液中作用4h,检测其活菌数。未添加小麦提取物的对照4 株乳酸杆菌活菌数显著下降(P ＜ 0.05),其中MNZ8 对胆盐最为敏感,活菌数下降1.74 lg(CFU/ml),KNZ4 的耐受力最强,活菌数下降1.16 lg(CFU/ml);添加小麦提取物后,4 株乳酸杆菌的胆盐耐受力均显著提高(P ＜ 0.05),但对不同菌株提高程度有差异,其中,JJB3 胆盐耐受力提高最明显,其活菌仅减少了0.11 lg(CFU/ml)。葡萄糖和游离氨基氮(FAN)的浓度与乳酸杆菌耐胆盐能力的提高呈正相关关系,但葡萄糖的保护作用显著高于游离氨基氮。小麦提取物对4 株乳酸杆菌耐受模拟十二指胆盐环境具有较好的保护作用,对约氏乳酸杆菌JJB3 保护作用最好。     

副干酪乳杆菌L9的发酵性能驯化及其机理研究

副干酪乳杆菌L9分离自大理乳扇,虽具有润肠通便,预防肠炎的益生功能,但耐酸、耐氧性差限制了其产业应用。本研究通过低p H值和高氧浓度胁迫对L9进行耐酸、耐氧适应性驯化,获得高耐酸耐氧菌株。结果表明:驯化后菌株的凝乳时间为13 h,比原始菌株缩短14 h;7 d发酵后,驯化菌株发酵终点酸度达到(227.2±0.8)°T,比原始菌株高(52.0±3.1)°T,驯化菌株活菌数达到(7.9±0.7)lg(CFU/m L)。发酵乳贮藏试验表明,驯化菌株的滴定酸度在4℃贮藏中无显著变化,4℃贮藏15 d活菌数保持稳定。驯化菌株的β-半乳糖苷酶活性显著高于驯化前菌株,并与酶基因表达量结果一致。副干酪乳杆菌L9经驯化后菌株β-半乳糖苷酶的基因表达量高,酶活性强,菌株产酸能力强,产酸速度快,贮藏期具有良好的稳定性,具有较好的产业化潜力。     

优良饲用乳酸菌的筛选及在模拟消化环境中的耐受性

通过MRS培养基进行初筛,耐酸耐胆盐复筛,从乳猪粪便中筛选出能够应用于饲料中的优良乳酸菌。MRS初筛得到26株乳酸菌疑似菌株,在pH2.0和3 g/L胆盐的MRS培养复筛得到7株菌,对性能较好的菌株G1和G9进行生理生化及分子生物学鉴定:G1为植物乳杆菌(NCU156)、G9为戊糖片球菌(NCU301)。进一步研究NCU156的耐酸耐胆盐性能以及模拟动物消化道耐受性能。结果表明:NCU156在p H2.5的MRS培养基中,作用4 h存活率为87.31%;在胆盐质量浓度为3 g/L的培养基中,作用6 h活菌数下降不到一个数量级;在pH3.0的人工胃液中作用4 h,NCU156的活菌数稍有增加,在3 g/L胆盐的人工肠液中作用6 h,活菌数下降约一个数量级(1.81×10~9~1.27×10~8CFU/m L),活菌数仍保持在10~8CFU/m L以上。可见NCU156对动物胃肠道有良好的耐受性,在饲料产品中有很好的应用前景。     

云南建水酸浆豆腐中乳酸菌的生长特性

为了筛选出优良的乳酸菌进行发酵制作酸浆,对分离自云南建水豆腐酸浆中的五株乳酸菌(SYG01、SYG02、SYG03、SYG04、SYG05)的生长曲线、产酸能力、耐酸能力和耐渗透压能力进行了比较。生长曲线实验表明在相同培养时间内,菌株SYG02繁殖能力最强,其次是菌株SYG03,而菌株SYG05、SYG04、SYG01的生长速率明显较慢;在产酸方面SYG02产酸能力最强,速度最快,SYG03、SYG05和SYG04次之,SYG01最弱。在耐酸方面,在pH4.0的环境下5株菌生长良好,在pH3.0的酸性环境下5株菌虽然能够存活,但活菌数的数量级仅在102~104 CFU/mL,其中菌株SYG02和SYG03比其它三株菌株表现出较好的耐酸能力。在耐渗透压方面,SYG02在8%(w/V)的NaCl中依然表现出较强的耐受性,活菌数的数量级达到107 CFU/mL,其余4株菌在NaCl含量大于6%(w/V)时生长受到明显抑制。并以发酵黄浆水的pH及产酸量为指标对菌株的产酸能力进行比较,发现混合菌株的产酸能力高于单菌株,其中菌株SYG02和菌株SYG03组合发酵的效果最好,在发酵72 h后黄浆水的pH为3.52,产酸量达到6.46 g/L。从而得出菌株SYG02具有良好的生长、产酸和耐渗透压能力,具有良好的应用潜力,对酸浆豆腐的工业化生产有重要的意义。     

双歧杆菌优良菌株的筛选及耐消化道逆环境性能

以改良MRS培养基作为选择性培养基,初筛得75 株严格厌氧且菌落呈蓝色的双歧杆菌疑似菌株。在pH3.0和含3.0 mg/mL胆盐的改良MRS培养基中培养20 h,得到吸光度较高的11 株,并选出耐酸耐胆盐较好的NCU712、NCU701、NCU708进行生理生化鉴定,NCU712基本符合长双歧杆菌的特征。经16S rDNA分子生物学鉴定菌株NCU712为长双歧杆菌。并在模拟人体消化道逆环境下对菌株NCU712的耐受力进行初步研究。结果表明：在pH 3.5以上的人工胃液中,NCU712活菌数随着作用时间的延长而略有上升;pH 2.5时菌株NCU712的D值为30.42 min;pH 3.0时D值为92.97 min,作用2.5 h活菌数保持在107 CFU/mL以上;人工肠液作用4.0 h后,活菌数保持在108 CFU/mL以上;3.0 mg/mL胆盐中培养24 h后,活菌数下降1（lg（CFU/mL））。说明NCU712对人体胃肠道耐受性良好。     

植物乳杆菌NCU116在模拟人体消化环境中的耐受力

模拟人体消化道环境,即在人工胃液、人工肠液、胆盐和高盐环境下对植物乳杆菌NCU116的耐受力进行研究。结果表明：植物乳杆菌NCU116在pH1.5和pH2.5的人工胃液中培养3h,存活率分别达到了32.62%和45.76%,在pH3.5以上的人工胃液中能保持很高的存活率;在人工肠液中作用4h,存活率达到了49.63%;牛胆盐环境中培养24h后的NCU116活菌数随牛胆盐质量浓度(0.03～1.00g/mL)的增加而降低,但活菌数均保持在107CFU/mL以上;NaCl高盐环境中培养24h后的活菌数随NaCl质量浓度(1～8g/100mL)的增加而稍有降低,当NaCl质量浓度为8g/100mL时,活菌数仍在108CFU/mL以上。这表明植物乳杆菌NCU116对人工胃液、人工肠液、胆盐和高盐具有较好的耐受力,在食品和保健品工业中具有良好的应用前景。     

高产EPS乳酸片球菌的航天育种及其EPS性能研究

本文旨在对乳酸片球菌（Pediococcus acidilactici）进行航天诱变，筛选高产胞外多糖（Exopolysaccharide,EPS）的诱变菌株，并探究其产EPS的功能特性。通过测定EPS产量和遗传稳定性，筛选出一株性能稳定并高产EPS的L21-49菌株，比较了原始菌株及突变菌株的自聚性和疏水性，以及对酸、胆盐及人工模拟胃、肠液的耐受性，并分析其产EPS的抗生物被膜、抗氧化活性和对α-淀粉酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制效果。结果表明，菌株经航天诱变后，EPS产量为196.23 mg/L，比原始菌株L21产量提高了26.54%；该菌株的自聚性和疏水性良好；体外耐受性较好，在pH为2、3的条件下其活菌数可维持在107 CFU/mL；在胆盐浓度为4.00 g/L时，其活菌数可保持在107 CFU/mL；经过人工模拟胃肠液处理，该菌株活菌数可维持在106 CFU/mL，其所产EPS具有良好的体外抗氧化能力：浓度为8.0 mg/mL时，对DPPH自由基、OH自由基、ABTS+自由基和O 2-自由基的清除率分别为91.75%、38.44%、54.71%、58.84%；对金黄色葡萄球菌（St...     

紫外诱变及高温驯化联用筛选耐高温嗜酸乳杆菌

嗜酸乳杆菌作为益生菌在微生态制剂行业具有广阔的应用前景,然而其耐温性不佳是制约其广泛应用的瓶颈。为了开发可在常温下保藏的耐温型嗜酸乳杆菌,以嗜酸乳杆菌FZU-LA1301为出发菌株,通过一系列紫外诱变及高温梯度驯化的方式,筛选获得一株耐温性优良的嗜酸乳杆菌突变菌株FZU-LA1301X。经过诱变驯化,该菌株的适应温度从37℃提高至45℃;生长稳定期从24 h缩短至15 h;厌氧环境下其生长稳定期的活菌数达8.24 lg(CFU/m L);发酵液p H值无显著变化,维持在4.0;将两株菌株冷冻干燥后置于常温贮藏,原始菌株FZU-LA1301活菌数平均1~2 d下降1个数量级,而驯化后菌株平均5~6 d下降1个数量级,稳定性较驯化前有较大的提升。突变菌株用胃蛋白酶、胰酶、胆盐分别处理3,24,24 h后,具有一定的胃蛋白酶、胰酶、胆盐耐受能力。本研究所得嗜酸乳杆菌突变菌株FZU-LA1301X相比于原始菌株具有更好的耐热性、耐消化能力和常温稳定性,该菌株可用于发酵生产的无需低温保藏的微生态制剂。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

Focus on China's Paper Industry

In the English section of this issue, 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 will introduce ＂National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the ＇13th Five-Year Plan＇＂, ＂2013 Annual Report of China＇s Paper Industry＂, and news of projects and other policies.     

Listen to downstream & search for innovation

正Nowadays,textile enterprises are all taking efforts in transformation and upgrading,like improving producing capacity and optimizing production structure to face market downturn.It claimed a higher request to the standard of textile equipments.In the upcoming of ITMA ASIA+CITME 2014exhibition,this magazine have interviewed several branch associations and a series of relative enterprises,to summarize industrial developing status