一种酵母海鲜调味汁的开发和应用研究

采用酵母抽提物、原汁牡蛎汁开发了一种酵母海鲜调味汁产品。通过正交实验和应用实验确定了该产品的最佳配方:酵母抽提物12%、原汁牡蛎汁16%、变性淀粉1.5%、黄原胶0.15%、焦糖色素1.0%、味精6%、食盐7%、白砂糖5%、I+G 0.02%、水51.33%。该产品具有香气浓郁自然、口感鲜美醇厚、稳定性好的特点。应用实验表明:添加该产品可有效提高菜品的风味和质量。     

富含抗氧化因子扇贝风味酱的配方优化

本实验研究富含抗氧化因子扇贝风味酱的配方。以扇贝基础酱为原料,产品感官评分为指标,考察了黄原胶、三氯蔗糖、扇贝蛋白酶解液、花生油、调味料汁、料酒对扇贝风味酱品质的影响,通过正交优化实验以产品感官评定及其抗氧化性为指标,确定适宜配方。结果表明:扇贝风味酱的适宜配方为:黄原胶0.30%,三氯蔗糖0.15 g/kg,扇贝蛋白酶解液11%,花生油5%,调味料汁14%,料酒1.5%,此条件下扇贝风味酱感官评分达8.24分,DPPH清除率达82.01%,还原糖(0.397±0.002) g/100 g,氨基酸态氮(0.414±0.003) g/100 g,总酸(0.601±0.002) g/100 g。     

酵母抽提物对小黄鱼边角料腥味脱除研究

探求酵母抽提物对小黄鱼边角料脱腥效果以及脱腥机制。运用电子鼻结合感官评定比较酵母抽提物和不同的脱腥剂对小黄鱼腥味的脱除效果,采用单因素和正交实验优化酵母抽提物的脱腥时间、脱腥温度和用量,利用顶空固相微萃取-气质联用仪(HS-SPME-GC-MS)测定鱼糜挥发性物质对酵母抽提物脱腥效果进行确认。脱腥结果显示,电子鼻能较好区分不同脱腥剂处理的鱼糜样品的风味,酵母抽提物组脱腥效果良好、风味柔和。最佳脱腥工艺是鱼糜中添加质量分数1%酵母抽提物于40℃脱腥60 min,其三甲胺质量分数减少81.21%。挥发性物质测定结果显示脱腥鱼糜中呈腥味的N,N-二甲基丙酰胺、1-辛烯-3-醇、1-戊烯-3-醇等物质未检出,己醛、戊醛、三甲胺等物质质量分数大幅度减少。     

蓝圆鲹沙拉酱加工工艺研究

为了得到风味独特的蓝圆鲹沙拉酱,采用蓝圆鲹鱼肉为主要原料,探讨了大豆油、全蛋粉、变性淀粉、黄原胶等对沙拉酱质构及感官的影响,在单因素试验的基础上,选取大豆油、全蛋粉及变性淀粉为研究因素,以质构分析为响应值,采用响应面分析法优化了蓝圆鲹沙拉酱的加工工艺配方及条件,开发具有蓝圆鲹风味的沙拉酱,并对制品的理化指标、安全指标及保藏性进行了研究。结果表明,蓝圆鲹沙拉酱的最佳配方为:油脂12%,全蛋粉3.70%,变性淀粉5.38%,食盐3%,砂糖6%,白醋4%,黄原胶0.45%,在这基础上添加鱼肉25 g,蔬菜30 g。成品口感佳、风味适宜、整体接受度较好,并且符合商业无菌标准。     

利用白灵菇副产物加工沙拉酱工艺配方研究

利用白灵菇副产物加工沙拉酱,既可以提高白灵菇的利用价值,又可以减少废弃物,利于环境保护.通过正交试验对影响沙拉酱风味的砂糖、食盐、白醋以及白灵菇副产物4个因素进行了优化.通过感官评价、显微图像、色度分析、质构测定分析了不同黄原胶浓度的影响,最终确定配方为：355 g色拉油、355 g可溶性固形物为3%的副产物配置的25...     

应用响应面分析法优化蒸煮火腿风味添加物

采用SAS软件针对七种风味添加剂:高汤粉、肉味香精、酵母抽提物、水解植物蛋白(HVP)、大蒜精粉、胡椒精粉和独活草精粉对蒸煮火腿风味的影响进行因素水平实验,以感官评定结果进行响应面分析,建立影响因素与响应值之间的回归模型,根据回归方程获得用于蒸煮火腿的七种风味添加物的最佳添加量:高汤粉2.99g/ks、肉味香0.11g/kg、酵母抽提物1.9g/kg、植物水解蛋白2.64g/kg、大蒜精粉0.48g/kg、胡椒精粉4.81g/kg、独活草精粉1.43g/kg,其感官评定值优于商业化的"Schinkin"蒸煮火腿风味添加剂.     

啤酒废酵母自溶条件的研究

探讨了以啤酒废酵母为原料,采用自溶法生产酵母抽提物的条件。结果表明:以食盐为啤酒酵母自溶促进剂的最佳作用条件是10%的啤酒酵母悬浮液在pH5·0、温度50℃、食盐浓度3%下,自溶40h,所得酵母抽提液的氨基氮含量为0·498g/100mL,产品得率47·50%,风味非常醇厚。     

金枪鱼蒸煮液酶解工艺优化及风味海鲜调味汁的制备

以金枪鱼蒸煮液作为原料,制备风味海鲜调味汁。本实验以水解度为指标,从中性蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、胰酶中筛选得到最佳酶,在单因素实验基础上,通过响应面优化酶解工艺条件,利用正交实验L₉(34)研究不同酵母添加量、发酵温度、发酵时间对腥味值的影响,并确定最适杀菌条件。结果表明,以木瓜蛋白酶酶解金枪鱼蒸煮液,最佳酶解条件为:酶解时间4 h,酶解温度56 ℃,酶添加量300 U/g;酶解液经过添加酵母0.75%,在35 ℃下发酵60 min,去腥效果较佳;最佳杀菌条件为:90 ℃下灭菌30 min。研制出的金枪鱼调味汁呈黄棕色、鱼香味浓郁,氨基酸态氮含量0.68 g/100 mL,可以充分开发利用,是一种很有发展前景的天然调味品。     

罗非鱼酶解液酵母发酵脱腥工艺及其挥发性成分的研究

罗非鱼酶解液营养价值丰富,但具有一定的腥异味,该研究旨在通过酵母发酵脱腥工艺来改善风味,从而提升罗非鱼的附加值。以腥味值和DPPH自由基清除率为评价指标,通过正交试验对发酵脱腥工艺进行优化,得到最佳条件为:酵母添加量7 g/L,发醇时间1.5 h、发酵温度30℃。采用气相色谱-质谱联用(gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer,GC-MS)技术探究罗非鱼酶解液脱腥前后的挥发性风味成分,结果显示罗非鱼酶解液主要包括醛类、醇类、酮类及含氮化合物等挥发性物质,经过发酵脱腥后,其醛类、酮类等主要挥发性风味成分的种类和含量均减少,醇类物质含量增加。罗非鱼酶解液的挥发性成分种类复杂,经过酵母脱腥处理后能在一定程度上减少其挥发性物质,且对其生物活性影响较小。     

胡萝卜纸片的加工工艺研究

研究蔬菜纸片的加工工艺及工艺参数,试验以胡萝卜为原料,主要从成型和风味调配2方面对蔬菜纸片的加工过程进行探讨研究。试验结果表明胡萝卜纸片最适宜配方为:胡萝卜100 g,羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)0.4 g,海藻酸钠0.1 g,黄原胶0.1 g,甘油2 mL;食盐0.5 g、白砂糖0.5 g、味精0.03 g、五香粉0.04 g。该休闲食品结构致密,色泽均匀,接近原料菜色,口感清脆,具有原料蔬菜风味。     

Evaluation of aging mechanisms of olive oil–lemon juice emulsion through digital image analysis

The aging mechanisms of olive oil–lemon juice emulsions were investigated. The emulsions were prepared with xanthan gum where different concentrations of modified starch or maltodextrin were added. Emulsions stability was followed through analysis of the evolution of mean droplet size measured by image analysis during 203 days. All the samples presented phase separation at the end of the studied storage period. The stability results indicate that large droplets mean diameter were obtained in samples where maltodextrin or only xanthan gum was used. The study of the evolution of the droplet mean diameter with time show that the studied salad dressing ages preferentially through coalescence, although in certain cases molecular diffusion may occur. The incorporation of xanthan gum in salad dressing emulsions has a large influence in their rheological behavior.     

Angiotensin I‐converting enzyme inhibitory and Ca‐binding activities of peptides prepared from tuna cooking juice and spleen proteases

Tuna cooking juice is a by‐product from the tuna canning industry. In this study, tuna cooking juice was hydrolysed by proteases extracted from the spleen. Tuna cooking juice showed the highest ACE inhibitory and Ca‐binding activities after hydrolysis for 270 and 180 min, respectively. The hydrolysate was further fractionated by ultrafiltration. The permeate exhibited highest ACE inhibitory and Ca‐binding activities when passed through 1 and 5 kDa cut‐off membranes, respectively. Gel filtration chromatography was used to determine the MW of bioactive peptides that exhibited highest ACE inhibitory and Ca‐binding activities. Those peptides that exhibited highest ACE inhibitory and Ca‐binding activities were the MW range of 238–829 Da and 1355–1880 Da, respectively. These results suggest that the tuna cooking juice and the spleen protease extract are a potential source of bioactive peptides that can be utilised as bioactive ingredients in functional food and nutraceuticals.     

不同脱腥方法对鸡肝风味物质的影响

为研究不同脱腥方法鸡肝中风味物质的变化,采用感官评定、电子鼻与顶空固相微萃取-气质联用（headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,HS-SPME-GC-MS）技术,分析了不同脱腥方法的生熟鸡肝样品的挥发性风味物质。结果表明:姜酒浸泡、β-环状糊精包埋和酵母发酵均能显著降低生样品腥味值（P<0.05）;电子鼻响应值雷达图显示,组成鸡肝整体气味主要是硫化物、芳香成分和醇、醛酮类物质,姜酒浸泡能改变鸡肝原本的气味轮廓,且采用主成分分析（PCA）能较好区分各样品;HS-SPME-GC-MS共检出了124种挥发性风味物质,经姜酒浸泡和酵母发酵后,鸡肝中醛类物质含量均明显降低,多种致腥物质含量均明显下降。鸡肝熟化后,苯甲醛构成了鸡肝的主体风味,姜酒浸泡组中的乙醇含量明显高于对照组和酵母发酵组,是鸡肝熟化后保持较好风味的因素。研究表明,姜酒浸泡和酵母发酵能较好地改善鸡肝风味。     

Stabilization of olive oil – lemon juice emulsion with polysaccharides

An olive oil – lemon juice Greek salad dressing was developed employing xanthan gum as stabilizer and gum arabic or propylene glycol alginate as emulsifier in various combinations. In general, samples containing xanthan gum arabic were more stable against oil droplet coalescence and less stable against creaming. The use of propylene glycol alginate in the place of gum arabic, on the other hand, resulted in emulsions of higher creaming stability. Application of steady shear rheology and determination of rheological parameter values from the shearing stress-rate of shear curves, indicated that the rheological properties of the dressings were decreased with storage. Dressing texture assessment preference tests indicated that potential consumers of the product may opt for a medium viscosity product and this has to be taken into consideration when designing polysaccharide – stabilized dressings exhibiting a decrease in their textural characteristics with storage time.     

Effect of Propylene Glycol Alginate and Xanthan Gum on Stability of O/W Emulsions

The role of xanthan gum and propylene glycol alginate in stabilizing model oil-in-water salad dressing emulsions has been studied using rheological measurements, particle size analysis and surface tension. Increasing xanthan gum concentration within the gum ratio gave higher viscosity due to formation of aggregates with larger sizes. Propylene glycol alginate (PGA) was surface-active leading to reduction in surface tension of air/water surfaces. Reduction in viscosity was seen in the presence of PGA.     

黄原胶对卤肉酱品质及风味的影响

摘 要：为提高卤肉酱产品品质和风味,本文通过低场核磁共振、游离氨基酸测定和气相色谱-离子迁移谱（gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry,GC-IMS）以及主成分分析（Principal component analysis,PCA）等方法对添加不同浓度黄原胶的卤肉酱的品质及风味物质进行研究。研究结果表明,不易流动水是卤肉酱体系中最为主要的水分状态,加入黄原胶能更好地束缚住体系内结合水并降低脂肪流动性;添加黄原胶的卤肉酱样品中共发现了21种氨基酸且其含量呈显著性增加趋势（P＜0.05）;GC-IMS 的差异图和指纹图谱研究结果表明,挥发性风味物质数量随着黄原胶浓度增加而增加,添加黄原胶后卤肉酱主要风味成分从醛类和酮类化合物变为醛类和醇类化合物。结合主成分分析（principal component analysis,PCA）发现,添加黄原胶后卤肉酱风味化合物之间存在明显差异。综上,添加浓度为0.8%和1.0%黄原胶的卤肉酱品质和风味物质最佳,黄原胶能够提高肉制品保水保油的品质特性并丰富产品风味,该研究为卤肉酱产品开发及应用提供一定的理论依据。     

不同多糖对发酵空心挂面品质的影响

酵母发酵空心挂面是一种新型的工业化挂面产品,具有营养丰富、风味独特等特点,但尚存在干挂面韧性差和易断条、熟面条弹性不足等问题亟待解决。该文研究了瓜尔豆胶、黄原胶、海藻酸钠、羧甲基纤维素钠、魔芋粉5种常用多糖对发酵空心挂面微观结构、力学性质、蒸煮特性、质构品质和感官品质的影响。结果表明：与对照相比,单独添加0.1%瓜尔胶、海藻酸钠、羧甲基纤维素钠和魔芋粉时,挂面的蒸煮损失率从6.5%分别降低到5.8%、5.7%、5.3%和5.9%;添加0.5%黄原胶时,干挂面的面体更加致密,面条的最佳蒸煮时间增长了1.25 min,蒸煮损失减少了0.41%,干挂面的抗断裂强度和柔韧性、熟挂面的弹性、咀嚼性和拉断力分别提高了31.06%、49.79%、24.87%、61.62%和77.73%,此添加量下的面条的食用品质最佳,感官评价得分89分。5种多糖均显著改善了发酵空心挂面的柔韧性,及煮后挂面的弹性、咀嚼性和拉伸特性,其中黄原胶对发酵空心挂面的微观结构、力学性质、蒸煮特性、质构品质和感官品质改良效果较好。     

棕榈油基沙拉酱的制备工艺

利用棕榈液油部分替代传统沙拉酱中的大豆油制备棕榈油基沙拉酱。研究产品配方和加工工艺条件。通过单因素实验和正交实验确定,将30%棕榈液油和70%大豆油混合制备沙拉酱,最佳配方和乳化条件:选用复合乳化剂海藻酸丙二醇酯和黄原胶(等比例),乳化剂添加量0.22%,水的加入量10%,变性淀粉添加量0.8%,乳化时间10min。在此条件下制备的沙拉酱感官性质及功能性质良好,0℃条件下存放3个月乳化体系稳定,无油水分离现象发生。对棕榈油基沙拉酱进行质构分析,结果表明该产品乳化体系稳定,其质构特征与全部用大豆油制备的沙拉酱样品相近。