涠西南凹陷流沙港组二段优质烃源岩判别及其控油作用

针对北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷流沙港组湖相优质烃源岩发育特征及其控油作用不清的实际,基于烃源岩生、排烃基本原理,利用有机地化方法建立判别优质烃源岩的方法,并确定了其分布和对油气分布的控制作用。流沙港组泥岩是涠西南凹陷的主要烃源岩,从下到上分为流三段、流二段和流一段,流二段为主力烃源岩。依据生、排烃基本原理,利用烃源岩TOC含量与热解S₁、氯仿沥青“A”含量的关系确定的流沙港组湖相优质烃源岩的TOC含量界限值为2%左右。流二段底部黑色页岩TOC含量均大于2%,母质类型好,生烃潜力高,均属于优质烃源岩;部分暗色泥岩属于优质烃源岩。与流二段底部黑色页岩有亲缘关系的原油既可在黑色页岩层段之下近源运移、聚集,也可沿流二段之下的流三段砂体长距离侧向运移而在构造高部位聚集;与暗色泥岩有亲缘关系的原油主要在凹陷内部优质烃源岩层之上的流一段—涠洲组聚集,断裂为近距离垂向运移通道,源控特征显著。     

银根—额济纳旗盆地天草凹陷天2井烃源岩生烃潜力评价

定量评价盆地的烃源岩生烃潜力是油气勘探中首先要解决的问题.银根—额济纳旗盆地天草凹陷发育多套烃源岩,但究竟哪一套地层是主要烃源岩尚不清楚,也未见对其烃源岩生烃潜力评价的报道.以天草凹陷天2井暗色泥岩为研究对象,采用多项有机质丰度、类型和成熟度指标定量或定性刻画了暗色泥岩的生烃潜力特征,结果揭示:下白垩统巴音戈壁组下段烃源岩有机质丰度最高,热演化处于成熟阶段,有机质类型为Ⅱ2-Ⅲ型,应为天草凹陷的主力烃源岩;下白垩统苏红图组有机质丰度较高,有机质类型为Ⅱ2型,但其烃源岩成熟度不高,为天草凹陷的次要烃源岩;石炭系和侏罗系烃源岩虽有机碳含量高,但生烃潜量值低,有机质类型为Ⅲ型,现今Ro>3.0%,处于过成熟阶段,属枯竭的烃源岩.     

鄂尔多斯盆地中部地区三叠系延长组7段暗色泥岩烃源岩特征

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组7段（长7段）为典型的湖相沉积。在鄂尔多斯盆地中部地区,由于靠近湖泊的边缘,长7段泥页岩厚度偏薄,针对该地区的烃源岩研究尤其是泥岩的研究薄弱。基于15口探井开展了暗色泥岩的甄别工作并进行了采样,然后运用岩心观察、有机碳测定、岩石热解、色谱-质谱等分析手段,全面获得了暗色泥岩的烃源岩特征参数。研究表明,长7段暗色泥岩发育于弱还原-弱氧化的沉积环境。暗色泥岩的有机质丰度高,TOC平均值2.39%;有机质以Ⅱ₂型和Ⅲ型为主;生烃潜力好,S₁+S₂平均值7.65 mg/g;热演化适中,R_o平均值0.98%。暗色泥岩的生烃量总计7.93×10⁸ t,排烃量总计3.37×10⁸ t,残留烃量总计4.56×10⁸ t,综合排烃效率42.50%。暗色泥岩与页岩对研究区油气资源的贡献比为1：1.8。长7段暗色泥岩的生烃有机质包括陆源性输入来源和水体有机质来源。     

西宁盆地下侏罗统烃源岩有机地球化学特征

在西宁盆地下侏罗统发现了一套湖沼相烃源岩。为了研究该套烃源岩的生烃潜力和赋存页岩油气的可能性,在大茶石浪下侏罗统剖面系统地采集了有机地球化学样品,完成了湖相暗色泥岩和高位沼泽炭质泥岩有机质丰度、类型和成熟度的测试和研究。结果表明,西宁盆地下侏罗统暗色泥岩有机质丰度较高,属于中等偏好的烃源岩,炭质泥岩有机质丰度属于中等偏差的烃源岩;湖相暗色泥岩和高位沼泽相炭质泥岩有机质类型均以Ⅲ1型为主,生油能力较差,生气能力较好;其镜质组反射率分布在0.7%~0.94%之间,已进入大量生烃的成熟阶段。其地球化学特征和世界上许多页岩油气田的烃源岩有相似之处,据此推测,西宁盆地下侏罗统具有形成常规油气和页岩油气的潜力。     

乍得Bongor盆地西部凹陷K组烃源岩地球化学特征研究

Bongro盆地西部地区勘探程度低,对其含油气前景认识有限。利用西部凹陷2口探井烃源岩样品的有机地球化学分析资料,结合区域地质资料,从烃源岩生烃潜力、生烃史以及生物标志化合物特征等方面,对Bongor盆地西部凹陷下白垩统K组烃源岩地球化学特征进行综合研究。结果表明：西部凹陷K组地层暗色泥岩、页岩发育;烃源岩有机质丰度高,整体评价为好烃源岩;有机质类型好,主要为Ⅱ1型有机质;K组下部烃源岩处于成熟热演化阶段,K组上部烃源岩处于低成熟热演化阶段。生烃史模拟表明,K组下部烃源岩分别于早白垩世晚期和晚白垩世早期进入生烃门限和成熟热演化阶段,而K组上部烃源岩在地质历史时期一直没有进入成熟热演化阶段,现阶段处于低成熟阶段。烃源岩饱和烃生物标志化合物特征表明,K组烃源岩形成于半咸水—淡水、弱氧化—弱还原的湖相沉积环境,其有机质组成为典型的湖相混合型有机质特征。     

吐哈盆地台北凹陷侏罗系烃源岩特征

侏罗系烃源岩是吐哈盆地台北凹陷主要的烃源岩 ,主要有暗色泥岩、碳质泥岩和煤岩三类 ,主要分布于中侏罗统七克台组、西山窑组和下侏罗统八道湾组 ,干酪根类型为Ⅲ型 ,有机质丰度高 ,生烃潜力大 ,为好至较好烃源岩 ,已达低成熟演化阶段 ,具有一定的生烃能力 ;在台北凹陷内已发现的 10 0余个构造中 ,有的圈闭已探明油气储量 ,有的圈闭已发现油气显示 ,说明台北凹陷有良好的油气资源潜力     

酒泉盆地酒西坳陷主力烃源岩分布及对油气勘探的启示

酒泉盆地酒西坳陷属于勘探程度非常高的典型含油气坳陷,其中青西凹陷青南次凹是主要生烃凹陷。随着探井数量增多和勘探深度不断加深,揭露的下沟组下部和赤金堡组越来越多,为重新认识该凹陷主力烃源岩及其生烃潜力提供了十分有利的条件。通过对青南次凹30多口探井大量烃源岩样品系统的地球化学分析和研究发现：下白垩统不同层段烃源岩的有机质丰度由上至下逐渐增高,中沟组和下沟组上段为一般烃源岩,而下沟组中段、下段和赤金堡组烃源岩有机质丰度高,且以Ⅱ₁型有机质为主,属于好和很好的优质烃源岩。下白垩统烃源岩有机质丰度总体上呈现中部最高,南、北两端略低的趋势,优质烃源岩主要分布于凹陷中部-东北部地区,下沟组中段、下段和赤金堡组均为主力烃源岩,而凹陷南部只有下沟组下段和赤金堡组属于好烃源岩,也是南部主力烃源岩;青南次凹下白垩统下沟组中段处于大量生油阶段,下沟组下段处于生油高峰阶段,赤金堡组处于成熟生油窗后期-高成熟生成凝析油气阶段;下沟组中段、下段和赤金堡组烃源岩生成并排出了大量原油,是青西凹陷主力生烃源岩,青南凹陷北部和中部中-深层具有良好的油气勘探潜力。这一认识对酒西坳陷油气精细勘探部署具有重要的指导作用。酒西坳陷的实例对中国其他高勘探程度盆地的精细勘探与研究也具有一定的启示作用。     

南祁连盆地木里坳陷中侏罗统烃源岩原始有机碳含量恢复及与微孔隙演化的相关性

泥页岩有机质碳含量（TOC）是页岩油气评价的重要参数之一。然而,受有机质热演化生排烃影响,利用现今TOC评价与预测页岩油气资源时会出现一定的偏差。因此,进行烃源岩原始有机碳恢复对油气资源评价具有重要意义。木里坳陷位于南祁连盆地东北部,陆相中侏罗统广泛分布。中侏罗统为一套湖泊—三角洲相沉积的细粒碎屑岩,发育多套厚层富有机质暗色泥页岩,生烃潜力巨大。该层段内油气资源丰富,页岩有机质从低成熟到高成熟阶段均有分布,为原始有机碳含量的恢复提供了必要条件。以木里坳陷中侏罗统富有机质页岩为研究对象,利用岩石热解数据,采用物质平衡法有机碳恢复模型,对中侏罗统页岩原始有机碳含量进行了恢复。结果表明,中侏罗统页岩原始TOC含量与现今TOC含量的比值介于1.04~1.62之间,且随着热演化程度增高,比值变大。现今TOC含量与有机质孔隙发育之间没有必然的联系,然而,原始TOC含量与现今TOC含量之间的比值可以间接判断页岩有机质微孔隙发育情况。木里坳陷侏罗系页岩有机质类型以Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型为主,热演化参数（T_max）大于440 ℃时,烃类转化率和排烃率都大于40%。相比样品矿物（石英和黏土矿物）含量、T_max参数和现今TOC含量,原始TOC含量与页岩兰氏体积拟合性更好,结合热解参数T_max,可以更好地判断页岩油气的吸附能力。因此,开展木里坳陷中侏罗统烃源岩原始有机碳含量恢复的研究,可以为木里坳陷烃源岩评价提供理论基础;同时对木里坳陷油气资源勘探提供新的思路。     

准噶尔盆地南缘油气资源潜力和富集规律

准噶尔盆地南缘缘蕴藏着丰富的油气资源,南缘山前凹陷中、下侏罗统煤系地层为主要烃源岩,下第三系安集海河组和下白垩统是又一套重要烃夺,与侏罗系岩构成复合烃源区。根据烃源岩性质和热演化特点,预测南比东侧呼图壁０玛纳斯－带来气态烃富集区;南缘西侧安集海－独山子一带为液态烃富集区。总结南缘油气具有生烃的多源性、运移的多期性和成藏的复杂性;天然气具有显著的垂向运移效应;断地油气藏的形成具有重要的控制作用;安集     

准噶尔盆地南缘油气资源潜力和富集规律

准噶尔盆地南缘蕴藏着丰富的油气资源,南缘山前凹陷中、下侏罗统煤系地层为主要烃源岩,下第三系安集海河组和下白垩统是又一套重要烃源岩,与侏罗系烃源岩构成复合烃源区。根据烃源岩性质和热演化特点,预测南缘东侧呼图壁—玛纳斯一带为气态烃富集区;南缘西侧安集海—独山子一带为液态烃富集区。总结南缘油气具有生烃的多源性、运移的多期性和成藏的复杂性;天然气具有显著的垂向运移效应;断层对油气藏的形成具有重要的控制作用;安集海河组区域盖层之下是油气富集的重要场所;第二、三排构造是形成大中油气田的主要领域。     

CRETACEOUS SOURCE ROCKS AT THE ABU GHARADIG OIL- AND GASFIELD, NORTHERN WESTERN DESERT, EGYPT

The Abu Gharadig oil- and gasfield is located in the north of the Western Desert of Egypt. In this paper, the geochemical characteristics of kerogens from Cretaceous shales at this field are described. The shale samples came from the Abu Roash Formation E and G Members (late Cenomanian- Turonian), the Bahariya Formation (early Cenomanian) and the Betty Formation (Neocomian- Barremian). Kerogen type and quality was evaluated by optical microscopy and by standard methods (elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy and Rock-Eval pyrolysis). The results show that the shale samples analysed contain fair to high quantities of organic matter, and that this takes the form of marine amorphous sapropelic and structured liptinite macerals which can be classified as Types I and II kerogens.
Maturation indicators and burial history curves indicate that shales from the Abu Roash E and G Members are currently located in the oil-generation window. Oil generation in these units has taken place since the late Palaeocene-early Eocene—i.e. since the formation of structural traps in the Abu Gharadig area, which occurred in the Maastrichtian—Eocene. Shales in the Bahariya and Betty Formations passed through the oil window during the Late Cretaceous before the traps were formed, but the shales reached the wet-gas zone in the late Miocene - early Pliocene.
Most of the liquid hydrocarbons in the Abu Gharadig field are sourced by Cretaceous shales in the Abu Roash E and G Members; and most gas is generated by shales in the underlying Bahariya and Betty Formations. The Jurassic Khatatba Formation may also have generated some gas.     

Evaluation of the nature,origin and potentiality of the subsurface Middle Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous source rocks in Melleiha G-1x well,North Western Desert,Egypt

The present work aims to evaluate the nature and origin of the source rock potentiality of subsurface Middle Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous source rocks in Melleiha G-1x well. This target was achieved throughout the evaluation of total organic carbon, rock Eval pyrolysis and vitrinite reflectance for fifteen cutting samples and three extract samples collected from Khatatba, Alam El Bueib and Kharita formations in the studied well. The result revealed that the main hydrocarbon of source rocks, for the Middle Jurassic (Khatatba Fm.) is mainly mature, and has good capability of producing oil and minor gas. Lower Cretaceous source rocks (Alam El Bueib Fm.) are mature, derived from mixed organic sources and have fair to good capability to generate gas and oil. Kharita Formation of immature source rocks originated from terrestrial origin and has poor to fair potential to produce gas. This indicates that Khatatba and Alam El Bueib formations take the direction of increasing maturity far away from the direction of biodegradation and can be considered as effective source potential in the Melleiha G-1x well.     

银根-额济纳旗盆地烃源岩特征及油气富集规律

基于对银根-额济纳旗盆地上古生界、侏罗系和白垩系烃源岩地球化学特征的系统评价,分析了盆地内各凹陷的油气来源和富集规律。盆地上古生界石炭系—二叠系暗色泥岩整体已达到过成熟阶段,中生界凹陷内已发生浅变质—变质作用,油气保存条件较差,油气资源和勘探潜力小;中—下侏罗统发育一套煤系烃源岩,在盆地腹部及南部凹陷中已达成熟阶段,具有一定生烃潜力;白垩系巴音戈壁组烃源岩的有机质丰度高、类型较好,是盆地的主力烃源岩层系,且油源对比结果证实,盆地已发现的油气均来源于该套烃源岩。银根-额济纳旗盆地的油气成藏过程可划分为早白垩世晚期油气成藏和早白垩世末期调整改造2个阶段,油气的富集主要受巴音戈壁组烃源岩的热演化程度和晚期构造活动强度共同控制。银根-额济纳旗盆地腹部是其油气富集的最有利区,中西部是油气勘探的有利区,中东部的油气成藏条件较差。     

六盘山盆地兴仁堡凹陷烃源岩特征与勘探方向

兴仁堡凹陷位于六盘山盆地的东南部，为中生代盆地，勘探程度较低，处于早期评价阶段。基于该区钻井、露头取心、二维地震和重磁等综合资料，对凹陷内烃源岩有机质丰度、类型、成熟度等地化参数及成藏有利因素进行分析评价。凹陷内三叠系延长组烃源岩为中等烃源岩，有机质类型为Ⅱ-Ⅲ型，成熟度为低熟-成熟，具有一定的勘探潜力，下一步应以自生自储油藏勘探为主；侏罗系直罗组烃源岩是较好烃源岩，有机质类型为Ⅰ-Ⅱ型，成熟度属低熟-成熟，是下一步构造、岩性勘探的物质基础和重点方向，应加以重视。      

苏丹穆格莱德盆地苏夫焉凹陷含油气系统特征

苏丹穆格莱德(Muglad)盆地位于中非巨型走滑断裂带的东端部,是一个大型中生代含油气裂谷盆地。苏夫焉(Sufyan)凹陷位于该盆地北区块的最北侧,下白垩统阿布加布拉(Abu Gabra)组是烃源岩、Abu Gabra组的三角洲砂体和本蒂组(Bentiu)组的河道砂岩是主要储集层;上白垩统达尔富尔(Darfur)群为区域盖层;油气圈闭类型主要为断背斜、断鼻和断块等。苏夫焉凹陷含油气系统纵向上划分为二个亚系统,第一套沉积旋回Abu Gabra组自生自储自盖亚系统及第一套和第二套沉积旋回组成的下生上储盖亚系统,即Abu Gabra组生油岩、Bentiu组河道厚砂岩储层和Darfur群泥岩盖层组合,它们都是本区有利的勘探组合。该凹陷中部构造带是油气有利聚集区带,有些良好的勘探前景。      

GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF POTENTIAL JURASSIC/CRETACEOUS SOURCE ROCKS IN THE SHUSHAN BASIN, NORTHERN WESTERN DESERT, EGYPT

Some 180 core and cuttings samples of shales and limestones from the Middle Jurassic – Late Cretaceous succession (Khatatba, Masajid, Alam El-Bueib, Alamein, Kharita, Bahariya and Abu Roash Formations) were collected from wells Ja 27–2, Tarek-1 and Jb 26–1 in the central, structurally-low part of the Shushan Basin and from well Lotus-1 in the structurally-elevated western part of the basin. All samples were screened for total organic carbon (TOC) content. Selected samples were then analyzed by Rock-Eval pyrolysis, and extracted for biomarker analyses. Visual kerogen analysis and vitrinite reflectance measurements were also undertaken and oil - source rock correlations were attempted. The results indicate that the thermal maturity of the samples can be correlated closely with burial depth. Samples from the central part of the basin are more mature than those from the west. Samples from the central part of the basin (except those from the Albian Kharita Formation) have reached thermal maturities sufficient to generate and expel crude oils. Extracts from the Middle Jurasic Khatatba and Early Cretaceous Alam El-Bueib Formations can be correlated with a crude oil sample from well Ja 27–2.
In well Lotus-1 in the west of the basin, four distinct organic facies can be recognized in the Jurassic-Cretaceous interval. One of the facies ("facies 4") has a sufficiently high TOC content to act as a source rock. Thermal maturities range from immature to peak oil generation, and the top of the oil window occurs at approximately 8000 ft.     

准噶尔盆地东部石炭系烃源岩演化模拟

利用TSM盆地模拟软件,对准噶尔盆地东部石炭系烃源岩的埋藏史、热演化史和生烃史进行分析。结果表明,研究区的沉降中心从侏罗纪到新生代存在由南向北迁移,而后又南移的跷跷板过程。南部的吉木萨尔凹陷内巴塔玛依内山组烃源岩有2个关键的生烃期:侏罗纪末,该烃源岩的镜质体反射率(R_o)分布在0.6%～1.3%之间,新生代中晚期之后,R_o分布在1%～2%之间;北部五彩湾凹陷内滴水泉组烃源岩的关键生烃期为白垩纪末期,R_o大部分在0.7%～1.5%之间,处于生烃高峰期;北部石钱滩凹陷石钱滩组烃源岩白垩纪末则刚进入生烃门限,演化程度低。另外,生烃强度从层位上看,滴水泉组和巴山组相对较大,可达200 mg/g,而石钱滩组较小,最高只有40 mg/g。      

ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY,BURIAL HISTORY AND HYDROCARBON GENERATION MODELLING OF THE UPPER JURASSIC MADBI FORMATION,MASILA BASIN,YEMEN

The Masila Basin is an important hydrocarbon province in Yemen but the origin of its hydrocarbons is not fully understood. In this study, we evaluate Upper Jurassic source rocks in the Madbi Formation and assess the results of basin modelling in order to improve our understanding of burial history and hydrocarbon generation. This source rock has generated commercial volumes of hydrocarbons which migrated into Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous reservoir rocks. Cuttings samples of shales from the Upper Jurassic Madbi Formation from boreholes in the centre-west of the Masila Basin were analysed using organic geochemistry (Rock-Eval pyrolysis, extract analysis) and organic petrology. The shales generally contain more than 2.0 wt % TOC and have very good to excellent hydrocarbon potential. Kerogen is predominantly algal Type II with minor Type I. Thermal maturity of the organic matter is R_r 0.69–0.91%. Thermal and burial history models indicate that the Madbi Formation source rock entered the early-mature to mature stage in the Late Cretaceous to Early Tertiary. Hydrocarbon generation began in the Late Cretaceous, reaching maximum rates during the Early Tertiary. Cretaceous subsidence had only a minor influence on source rock maturation and OM transformation.     

东海南部中生界烃源岩地球化学特征与分布预测

为探讨东海陆架盆地南部中生界烃源岩的分布特征,充分利用海域钻井、地震资料和烃源岩地球化学数据,在综合分析中生界烃源岩发育条件和地化特征基础上,采用Trinity盆模软件,以区域沉积相研究成果、烃源岩地化指标和暗色泥岩百分含量统计数据为约束条件,预测了中生界有效烃源岩厚度和成熟度的平面分布特征。结果表明:东海南部中生界中下侏罗统福州组和下白垩统受海(或湖)侵影响的深湖.半深湖相烃源岩分布广,厚度大,生油气条件良好。其中,福州组烃源岩为钻井所证实,是海域中生界的主要烃源岩,发育有暗色泥岩和煤两类烃源岩,有机质丰度高,母质类型以Ⅲ型为主,少量为Ⅱ₂型,现今已进入成熟高成熟阶段,整体评价为较好的烃源岩;集中分布在闽江凹陷和基隆凹陷的南部,暗色泥岩厚度介于200~760 m之间,南厚北薄;成熟度R₀介于0.5%~3.5%之间,由西北向东南方向逐渐增熟。下白垩统暗色泥页岩类烃源岩是海域中生界的次要烃源岩,这一认识拓展了东海南部中生界油气勘探的新领域;有机质丰度较低,母质类型为Ⅲ型,已成熟,整体评价为中等~差烃源岩;在闽江凹陷和基隆凹陷广泛分布,暗色泥岩厚度介于50~450 m之间,东厚西薄;成熟度R₀由西向东逐渐增熟。