渤海海域乳化原油破乳技术室内实验研究

简要介绍了渤海地区乳化原油破乳剂室内研究及科研生产动态。自1996年3月至今,某些油田原油含水由少量增加到40％,甚至更高。渤海地区最初使用的乳化原油的破乳剂RP-3562和POI-2420,脱水效果不好,自行研发了专用破乳剂AP-05（SZ36—1油田用）和SP169（埕北油田用）,脱水效果有所提高。随着原油含水上升,Ap—05及SP169的脱水性能也下降。近几年,一直研究使用的STFD破乳剂适用于各种原油破乳,且脱水效果显著。详细阐述乳化原油所用破乳剂类型、代号、用量、脱水温度及最适合室内科研生产的破乳方法。     

热德拜原油破乳低效的机理分析及高效破乳剂的优选

针对哈萨克斯坦热德拜原油破乳脱水过程中破乳剂加量高、乳化中间层厚等破乳低效问题,从机理出发进行分析研究。结果表明,热德拜油田采出液中原油高含蜡、高含盐、一定量的机械杂质以及低效的现场破乳剂是破乳脱水低效、易形成乳化中间层的重要原因。为了提高原油破乳脱水性能、减弱乳化中间层厚度,通过室内破乳脱水实验,优选出BKP-62高效破乳剂。界面张力测试结果表明,破乳剂BKP-62的界面活性明显高于现场破乳剂,进一步说明其破乳脱水性能应该明显优于现场破乳剂。     

奥里乳化油破乳剂PR-1的实验研究

针对奥里乳化油破乳脱水存在脱出水水质较差的问题,以中和剂、稠油破乳剂及反相破乳剂为主要原料,复配制得奥里乳化油破乳剂PR-1。在柴油用量10%(以奥里乳化油体积计)、温度110℃、破乳剂PR-1用量120 mg/L、沉降时间2 h的条件下,奥里乳化油脱水率达97%。     

油田作业液添加剂对原油破乳剂脱水效果的影响研究

为了研究作业液中主要化学添加剂对原油破乳剂脱水效果的影响,利用瓶试法对冀东油田的原油进行试验研究。结果表明,酸化、解堵液中的HCl、HF、土酸加量使原油乳状液中的pH值低于5时,可显著降低破乳剂CH-07的脱水效果;钻井液配方中的磺化沥青、聚合醇、磺化酚醛树脂、聚丙烯酰胺和聚丙烯酸钾均显著降低破乳剂CH-07的脱水效果,胺盐对破乳效果几乎无影响;压井液配方中的EDTA对破乳剂影响不明显,KCl提高了破乳剂CH-07对原油的破乳脱水效果;NaCl(加量10%)和胍胶都使破乳剂CH-07的脱水效果降低;射孔液中OP-10显著降低破乳剂CH-07对原油的破乳脱水效果,CaCl2提高了破乳剂CH-07对原油的破乳脱水效果。     

泾河油田原油破乳剂的优选与复配

针对泾河油田原油密度大、非烃及沥青质含量高、脱水困难、破乳剂用量大等问题,测定了6种商品破乳剂对含水20%稠油的脱水效果。单剂破乳剂25-A和HL-1的脱水效果均优于其它破乳剂,破乳温度65℃、破乳剂浓度600 mg/L时的脱水率分别为65.6%和62.5%。复配破乳剂脱水效果明显优于单剂破乳剂,相同条件下,脱水率高出15.7%。通过破乳剂浓度和破乳温度等影响因素的分析得出,泾河油田原油的最佳破乳条件为:破乳剂浓度400 mg/L,复配比例2∶1,破乳温度80℃,沉降10 h后脱水率可达94.5%。     

聚醚型稠油破乳剂破乳效果影响因素分析

原油破乳脱水是原油集输处理的重要环节,其过程中要使用大量的破乳剂。针对目前原油乳化特性不断增加的特点以及稠油、超稠油的不断开发,多种类型的高效聚醚型稠油破乳剂在油田生产中得到广泛的应用。阐述了聚醚型破乳剂应用情况,根据原油破乳机理,分析破乳剂支链程度、嵌段类型、破乳剂的浓度、EO/PO比值、破乳剂的分子量等因素对破乳剂性能的影响。根据目前聚醚类破乳剂的发展趋势,对聚醚型破乳剂今后的研究重点提出了相关建议。     

盐类物质对YT-100-Ⅱ破乳剂破乳脱水性能的影响

文研究了NaCl、KCl、CaCl_2、A1Cl_3、MgCl_2 5种盐对长庆油田使用的YT-100-Ⅱ破乳剂的破乳脱水性能的影响。结果表明,盐对其破乳脱水性能有明显的影响,影响破乳剂的破乳脱水的因素不仅与破乳剂的组成、结构、原油物性、温度等有关,而且与原油中盐的种类和浓度有关。     

原油破乳剂选用规律及在大庆油田应用效果

破乳机理及原油破乳剂选用一般规律的分析和研究的目的是通过采用不同性质的原油与不同类型的原油破乳剂进行配伍试验与筛选,最终根据实验结果选用适合不同原油性质的破乳剂,以适应油田开发与油气储运的需要。根据不同类型的破乳剂在大庆油田的应用,得出以下结论:一是不同性质乳化原油需用不同类型的破乳剂;二是同一油田的原油,使用不同类型的破乳剂,原油的脱水效果也不同。通过本项研究,为不同类型的油田选择经济、脱水速度快、脱水效果好的破乳剂提供了科学依据。     

聚乙二醇-聚丙烯酸丁酯共聚物的破乳作用

合成了新型油溶性破乳剂(SD-1)并对其进行了破乳实验,考察了实验温度、破乳剂加量、乳化原油的油水比等因素对破乳效果的影响,并通过破乳效果和界面张力测定与常见聚醚型破乳剂进行比较。结果表明,在50℃,油水体积比7∶3的体系,破乳剂用量小于70mg/L时,合成的破乳剂脱水效果明显好于现有的油溶性破乳剂。     

一种树状多支化破乳剂的合成与应用

为了提高渤海S油田原油乳状液的破乳效果,先采用苯乙烯和马来酸酐自由基聚合反应合成苯乙烯-马来 酸酐共聚物（SMA）,然后与1.0 代聚酰胺-胺（1.0G PAMAM）进行酰胺化接枝反应,得到以聚苯乙烯-马来酸酐共 聚物为主链、以1.0G PAMAM 为侧链的多支化水溶性破乳剂TS-Z806。考察了该破乳剂在不同温度（50～ 90 ℃）下对原油乳状液的破乳效果,并与聚醚类破乳剂JM-01 的破乳效果进行对比,采用该破乳剂首次在渤海 油田进行现场应用。室内和现场试验结果表明,温度大于70 ℃后,聚醚类破乳剂JM-01 对原油乳状液的脱水率 明显降低,脱水水质变差,故破乳效果变差;而非聚醚类破乳剂TS-Z806 在高温下对原油乳状液仍表现出良好的 破乳效果。破乳剂TS-Z806 在处理渤海S油田原油综合管汇处含聚合物采出液时,表现出了优异的破乳性能,能 够明显改善脱出水的水质,破乳后上层油乳化层较低,脱水后乳化层减少约69%。该破乳剂可实现对含聚合物 采出液的高效处理,具有较好的现场应用前景。     

Demulsification of Extra Heavy Crude Oil

The demulsification of orimulsion, an extra heavy crude oil, was studied by a PDY-1 instrument of electric demulsification. Some commercial demulsifiers, including P, RN, and RB series demulsifiers, were tested; however, their dewatering efficiency was unsatisfactory. ZQ series demulsifiers were synthesized and applied. It is pointed out that the ZQX3 series demulsifier had satisfactory dewatering ability for extra heavy crude oil emulsion. In order to improve the dewatering efficiency, toluene diisocyanate (TDI) was used as a chain extender to modify the ZQ series demulsifiers and an assistant—ammonium sulfate (t1)—was added. The results indicate that the dewatering efficiency of ZQ43 and a t1 mixture reaches excellent dewatering efficiency.     

Demulsification of Extra Heavy Crude Oil

Abstract

The demulsification of orimulsion, an extra heavy crude oil, was studied by a PDY-1 instrument of electric demulsification. Some commercial demulsifiers, including P, RN, and RB series demulsifiers, were tested; however, their dewatering efficiency was unsatisfactory. ZQ series demulsifiers were synthesized and applied. It is pointed out that the ZQX3 series demulsifier had satisfactory dewatering ability for extra heavy crude oil emulsion. In order to improve the dewatering efficiency, toluene diisocyanate (TDI) was used as a chain extender to modify the ZQ series demulsifiers and an assistant—ammonium sulfate (t1)—was added. The results indicate that the dewatering efficiency of ZQ43 and a t1 mixture reaches excellent dewatering efficiency.     

非聚醚型破乳剂的破乳效果

以丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、苯乙烯等为原料,在胶束水溶液中合成了一系列非聚醚型破乳剂.采用试瓶法对模拟采出原油乳状液进行了破乳实验研究.结果表明,含有亲水性基团的非聚醚型破乳剂,由于分子结构的双亲性,有利降低油水界面膜强度和增加动态界面活性,使其破乳效果优于油溶性破乳剂的破乳效果,但过强的亲水性会...     

破乳剂结构与其破乳效果及界面行为的关系

通过考察不同结构类型的破乳剂对孤岛油田模拟采出液破乳脱水及界面张力的影响,研究了破乳剂的构效关系。结果表明:油溶性破乳剂破乳效果明显优于水溶性破乳剂,非离子型破乳剂优于阳离子型及两性破乳剂;破乳剂EO/PO值、分子链长、支化度均影响破乳剂的破乳效果。对于同类型中同结构系列的破乳剂,油水界面张力越低,其脱水率越高;同种类型破乳剂使原油的界面张力降低值与脱水率之比r呈现规律:非离子型0.20.4;且直线型破乳剂r值大于支链型破乳剂。不同类型破乳剂对原油极性四组分界面张力降低值之和与脱水率之比有固定的比值范围;对于非离子型破乳剂,使四组分界面张力降低值之和越大,其对应的脱水率越高。     

Effects of Demulsifier Structure on Desalting Efficiency of Crude Oils

The desalting and dewatering of six crude oils with deferent properties have been studied. The contents of asphaltene and resin of #1, #2, and #4 crude oil are high; the demulsifiers with higher lipophilic values than others in the same series such as DA2, DB2, and DC2 can be easily absorbed on the interface of a water-oil emulsion and reveal better dewatering and desalting efficiency. The carbon atom number of alkyl on phenol core in nonyl-alkylphenol formaldehyde resin, which is the initiator of the DC series, is more than that of the DB series. DC was easier to diffuse into the interface of water in oil, and the dewatering efficiency increased. Because more multipoint adsorbed, their dewatering rate was slower, and the salts can dissolve in washing water and be removed with water. The density and viscosity of #3 crude oil are lower, and wax content is high. The hydrophilic group and lipophilic group in the molecular of DA4, DB4, and DC4 demulsifier can well be absorbed on the interface of water-oil emulsion of #3 crude oil, which have better efficiencies of desalting and dewatering than other demulsifiers of their same series. The density, viscosity, and wax content of #5 and #6 crude oils are lower; however, sulfur content is high. The self-made demulsifiers have excellent dewatering efficiency for #5 and #6 crude oil, but the desalting efficiency is unsatisfied, because the content of salts sulfate and sulfide in #5 and #6 crude oil is high as shown in the analysis of anion content before and after desalting. It can be improved by adding acid assistant TJ1, TJ2, and TJ3, thus indiffluent salts sulfate and sulfide transform into diffluent salts that can be removed, so the desalting efficiency obviously increases.     

常减压蒸馏电脱盐罐电流超高的影响因素分析及对策

针对中国石油辽河石化公司常减压蒸馏装置主要加工低凝油和超稠油,生产过程存在电脱盐罐电流超高的问题,分析了影响电流超高的因素,并提出了相应的对策。结果表明,油水界位、注水量、破乳剂种类等因素的影响较大,而混合强度的影响则较小。电脱盐罐的油水界位应低于电极棒的底部,并兼顾电脱盐罐电流值与脱水量的多少,确定适宜的油水界位;加工超稠油时,注水量过多会导致原油乳化严重,原油中的水不易脱除,进而导致电脱盐罐电流升高;电脱盐罐适宜的混合强度为１５ｋＰａ;若电 脱盐原油出现乳化现象,则可通过优选适宜的破乳剂以减缓电脱盐系统的波动。     

原油破乳剂的研究与发展现状

文章回顾了原油破乳剂的发展历史,重点对非离子型表面活性剂类的普通型破乳剂和超高分子量型破乳剂的研究与发展情况作了介绍。     

The Demulsification of Crude Emulsion of ASP Flooding by an Organic Silicone Demulsifier

Abstract

In order to enhance crude oil recovery, the dosages of alkali, surfactant, and polymer in the tertiary flooding are becoming increasingly higher, which makes the emulsion more difficult to demulsify. In this article the application of new organic silicone demulsifiers for the demulsification of produced crude emulsion of alkali-surfactant-polymer (ASP) flooding with higher concentrations of alkali, surfactant, and polymer was investigated. The result indicated that organic silicone demulsifiers whose hydrophile–lipophile balance (HLB) number ranged from 10 to 15 had a satisfactory effect on demulsification. The dewatering efficiency can be improved evidently by adding a demulsifier mixed with DC2 and JG31 whose volume ratio was 4:1. The dewatering efficiency for produced crude emulsion from ASP flooding could exceed 80% at 60°C in which the concentrations of alkali, polymer, and surfactant ranged from 1,200 to 9,000 mg/L, 400 to 1,000 mg/L, and 200 to 800 mg/L, respectively. The simulative industrialized experiment of the ASP flooding produced emulsion was made, the dewatering efficiency was 99.6%, and the oil content of the produced water was less than 100 mg/L.     

聚醚类破乳剂的扩链与支化改性

 B61聚醚用己二酸扩链引入羧基官能团，然后用三乙撑四胺、D-山梨醇、D-木糖、季戊四醇等对扩链产物进行支化，合成了若干扩链支化型破乳剂。测定它们的相对分子质量和相关官能团，分析其性能与结构的关系；测定改性产物的界面张力，分析界面张力与破乳性能间的关系。结果表明，B61聚醚经扩链后，对某些原油的破乳能力有所提高，破乳能力与界面张力间有一定的相关性，但无明显的对应关系；扩链破乳剂支化后破乳能力进一步增强，多胺类支化剂优于多元醇支化剂。     

SZ36-1油田含聚稠油脱水技术研究

针对SZ36-1油田含聚稠油破乳温度高、脱水效果差的问题,研究了影响含聚稠油脱水的主要因素,实验发现,随着聚合物含量的增加,脱水率先升高后降低,含油量逐渐升高;随着含水率、温度的升高,脱水率逐渐提高.通过破乳剂复配与添加助剂,选出FJM（组成比例为L101∶EC2211A∶甲醇∶二乙二醇丁醚=2∶2∶1∶1）为最佳破乳剂,使用浓度为300 mg/L,温度为75℃,90 min时的脱水率达到95.4％,出水清、界面齐,在低于原破乳温度的情况下,达到了理想的脱水效果.