Modification of Amberlite XAD-2 resin for U(VI) adsorption from Egyptian crude phosphoric acid

Adsorption of U(VI) from Egyptian crude phosphoric acid was studied using the modified Amberlite XAD-2 resin. Modification process was performed by soaking Amberlite XAD-2 resin in tri-butyl phosphate (TBP) and di-2-ethyl hexyl phosphoric acid (D₂EHPA) for increasing its adsorption capacity via equilibrium batch technique. For this purpose, different effective parameters such as: a dose of adsorbent, contact time, temperature, phosphoric acid concentration, and initial uranium (VI) concentration were investigated. The maximum sorption capacity by the modified resin achieved 67?mg?g^?1 of U (VI). Sorption of U (VI) follows both the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. Not less than 93% of the U (VI) uptaken by the modified Amberlite XAD-2 resin was desorbed using 1?mol?L^?1 NaCl?+?0.1?mol?L^?1 H₂SO₄.     

颗粒活性炭对地下水中溶解油的吸附特性

研究不同材质和粒径的颗粒活性炭对地下水中溶解油的吸附性能及影响因素,以确定最佳吸附条件。结果表明,颗粒活性炭对地下水中溶解油的吸附过程较好地符合Lagergren拟二级动力学方程,吸附平衡时间为300 min,椰壳制颗粒活性炭对溶解柴油和委内瑞拉原油的平衡吸附量分别为123.4 mg/g和26.81 mg/g,明显高于果壳和煤质制颗粒活性炭的平衡吸附量,且吸附量随颗粒活性炭粒径的减小而增大。吸附地下水中溶解柴油和原油的40～60目椰壳活性炭投加质量分别为0.1 g和0.06 g,吸附最佳温度是25 ℃,吸附柴油和原油的最佳pH值分别是7和8。盐度对于颗粒活性炭吸附溶解油的影响不大,碱性环境对于活性炭吸附柴油有明显的抑制作用,而酸性条件对于活性炭吸附原油有明显的抑制作用;颗粒活性炭对溶解柴油和原油的吸附分别适合Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附模型,即颗粒活性炭表面对溶解柴油的吸附主要是单层吸附,而对溶解原油的吸附是非均匀异质的。     

Wetting alteration of mica surfaces with polyethoxylated amine surfactants

Characterization of reservoir wettability is an important part of assessment of potential oil recovery. Oil-based drilling fluids include surfactants, which can alter the wettability of mineral surfaces. Cores exposed to these fluids may not reflect the true wettability of the reservoir materials.The focus of this study was to observe wettability changes induced by adsorption and removal of surfactants of known structure on mica surfaces using tools that are applicable to studies of wetting alteration by crude oil components. The surfactants used were polyethoxylated coconut and tallow amines with chain lengths of 12 and 18 carbons and head groups consisting of two to five ethoxy groups. Mica was exposed to decane solutions of the surfactants. The treated mica was characterized macroscopically using contact angle measurements and microscopically using atomic force microscopy (AFM).Upon exposure to the surfactant solutions, the mica became oil-wet ( 170° for both advancing and receding conditions). AFM examination of similarly treated surfaces imaged in air revealed surfactant layers that were easily disrupted or surfaces that showed no surfactant at all. Contact angles were in the intermediate to water-wet range if the mica samples were removed from the surfactant solution, rinsed with non-aqueous solvents, and submerged in decane for measurements of water/decane contact angles. These results suggest only weak surfactant adsorption occurred from non-aqueous solutions. Differences among the structures tested were greater for increased levels of ethoxylation; differences due to hydrocarbon chain length were negligible. Stronger adsorption, higher contact angles, and more stable surfactant layers could be demonstrated when mica was exposed to aqueous solutions after surfactant sorption, depending on the pH of the aqueous phase. Low pH conditions that promote protonation of the surfactants' amine head group produced the greatest wetting alteration. Above a pH of 8 or 9, no surfactant remained adsorbed on mica surfaces.     

CO2 adsorption on systems involving ethylenediamine impregnated on nanoporous materials

Abstract

MCM-41 and MCM-48 materials were synthesized by the hydrothermal method, calcined and modified with ethylenediamine (EDA) by wet impregnation method. The X-ray diffraction patterns showed characteristic peaks of highly ordered MCM-41 and MCM-48 nanoporous materials, even after impregnation with amine. The MCM-41 and MCM-48 materials showed N₂ adsorption isotherms type IV and BET surfaces areas higher than 1000?m² g^?1. The carbon dioxide adsorption tests were carried out at room temperature in a magnetic suspension microbalance. The materials presented good performance for CO₂ capture, being favorable for applications where medium and high pressures are required.     

Bioremediation process of oil spill using fatty-lignocellulose sawdust and its enhancement effect

The present paper deals with the treatment of oil spills using weights of modified lignocellulose sawdust. The crude oil sorption on the surface of sawdust was discussed. Nineteen crude oil-degrading bacterial isolates were separated from an oil-polluted area in Saryaqos, Al-kanakah and Mustorud area, Egypt. Four bacterial species showed the predominated growth rate on crude oil hydrocarbons. The effect of the different weight of sawdust (0.1–0.5 w/v) on the bacterial degradation of the crude oil sample was investigated. Biodegradation potential was evaluated after 5 days. The total oil was removed from the microcosms after the biological treatment ranging from 65 to 80% after 5 days. Gas Chromatographic (GC) analysis of the crude oil remaining in the culture medium, showed that the higher biodegradation of isoparaffins than n-paraffins in microcosms containing biosurfactant, the higher weight of fatty sawdust (FSD) at 0.5 g and BI1, BI4 and a bacterial consortium of four bacterial isolates separately. The result shows that these bacterial strains can be used for the bioremediation using modified sawdust in oil-polluted area.     

Mercury removal from aqueous solution via functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles with the amine compound

Studying the mercury removal from aqueous system using cubic mesoporous (Korea advanced institute of science and technology, KIT–6) and ethylenediamine functionalized KIT–6 (DA-KIT–6) silica materials were examined. The prepared KIT–6 and DA-KIT–6 were identified by FTIR, low–angle X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, ²⁹Si NMR, BET, and HR-TEM. The removal of Hg²⁺ by adsorption was studied by applying various conditions such as the initial concentration of mercury ions, silica or modified silica amounts, contact time, and pH. Parameter optimization showed that the rate of Hg²⁺ adsorption of DA-KIT-6 is better than mesoporous KIT-6, which gave equilibrium adsorption rate of 95.9% and 82.5%, respectively, after 60 min at room temperature. The explanation of this behavior is due to the presence of ethylenediamine functionalized groups, –NH-(C₂H₄)–NH_2, which have the ability to absorb Hg²⁺ ions from the aqueous solution. The thermodynamic calculations showed that the values of ΔG⁰, ΔS⁰_, and ΔH⁰ were negative, which indicates that the adsorption of Hg²⁺ on the prepared silicas materials is exothermic and more energetically favorable sorption. The negative value of ΔS⁰ considers a decrease in the randomness at the sorbents–solution/interface during the Hg²⁺ adsorption onto the pores of silica materials (KIT-6 and DA-KIT-6).     

Equilibrium isotherms modeling of crude oil sorption from aqua mixture onto Codiaeum variegatum stem powder

Codiaeum variegatum stem powder (CVSP) was used as a low cost, readily available and biodegradable sorbent for decontamination of crude oil from aqueous solution. CVSP was characterized by the FTIR, SEM and BET techniques. The physical characterization of the crude oil showed light crude. Equilibrium isotherm of crude oil uptake was analyzed by the Langmuir, Feundlich, Tempkin, Flory-Huggins and Scatchard models. The Langmuir isotherm gave best fit with regression of 0.995 indicating a homogenous CVSP surface involving monolayer sorption of crude oil, supported by the Scatchard model analysis. The maximum monolayer uptake capacity of CVSP for crude oil was established and compared to other reported sorbents.     

Remediation of oil spill polluted water from Niger Delta Nigeria by sorption onto ammonium sulfate modified Dialium guineense seed husk

The abstraction of crude oil molecules from aqueous solution (produced water) and from real petroleum polluted water (collected from River State, Nigeria) by Dialium guineense Seed Husk (DGSH) and its ammonium sulfate functionalized form (AS-DGSH) was studied using a batch technique. The sorbents were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), BET surface area analysis and the Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Crude oil characterization revealed a light crude oil based on the API gravity of 35.6⁰. The Langmuir and Freundlich models gave good fits for crude oil sorption on DGSH and AS-DGSH respectively. The sorbents were found to remove over 50% of crude oil from the real polluted water at the natural pH of 6.1 and showed increase in removal with increase in sorbent dose. The potential of DGSH and its ammonium sulfate modified derivative as effective low cost sorbents for oil spill treatment was established.     

巯基化乙基桥联介孔有机硅材料的制备及其吸附亚甲基蓝的研究

为了探究介孔硅材料对水溶液中亚甲基蓝(MB)的吸附效果,首先以溴代十六烷基三甲胺(CTAB)为模板剂,双-(三乙氧基硅基)乙烷(BTEE)为硅源在碱性条件下合成了乙基桥联(PMOs),再利用MPTS对乙基桥联PMOs进行巯基功能化的改性,合成了巯基化乙基桥联介孔有机硅材料(SH-PMOs)。总的来说,在相同的最佳实验条件下,改性后的功能化PMOs比未改性的PMOs具有更优的吸附性能。其中,SH-PMOs的加入量越多,对MB的去除率也越大。PMOs和SH-PMOs都表现出了很好的吸附能力,吸附速率快,吸附时间10 min时即可达到吸附平衡。pH值对PMOs和SH-PMOs吸附MB的效果产生了很重要的影响,在较酸和碱性过高的环境下,吸附效果不佳,当pH=8左右时,有最佳吸附效果。在最佳pH值下,PMOs和SH-PMOs对MB的吸附量都可以达到450 mg/g。     

Synthesis and optimization of a new MIL-100 adsorbent for removing basic N-compounds from liquid fuels

Abstract

In this work, the effects of synthesis conditions of MIL-100(Cr) as an adsorbent for quinoline (QUI) were evaluated by performing Taguchi-designed experimental tests. According to the analysis of variance (ANOVA), synthesis temperature was the most influential factor in maximizing QUI adsorption capacity of MIL-100(Cr). Moreover, the optimum temperature, time and reactants molar ratio were found to be 393?K, 15?h and 0.67, respectively. The QUI adsorption capacity of optimized MIL-100(Cr) was 15.70?mg_N.g^?1_ads. This adsorbent was characterized by specific surface area (BET), X-ray powder diffraction patterns (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) tests.     

Synthesis of silica nanoparticles from blast furnace slag as cost-effective adsorbent for efficient azo-dye removal

Synthesis of silica nanoparticles (NSBFS) from commercial blast furnace slag (BFS) and its efficiency to remove methylene blue (MB) from water as well as the desilicated blast furnace slag (DBFS) were investigated in this study. The sorbent materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherms, dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX). Different physiochemical parameters such as initial pH of the dye, sorbent dosage, contact time, and initial dye concentration were studied. The pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models were applied to evaluate the kinetic mechanism of the adsorption process. The results show that the process follows the pseudo-second-order kinetics using NSBFS or DBFS. The adsorption equilibrium values were obtained using Langmuir and Freundlich equations, Langmuir model showed the best correlation indicate that NSBFS and DBFS are homogeneous surface. The batch adsorption experiments showed that the maximum sorption was observed at pH?=?10 and 8 and the maximum uptake capacities (qm) for MB were 80.8 and 109.8?mg/g using DBFS and NSBFS, respectively.     

菌糠炭与微生物协同吸附-降解石油烃类污染物

以菌糠为原材料,在不同热解温度(250~650 ℃)下限氧热解制备菌糠炭,通过分析菌糠及菌糠炭结构的差异,探究其对微生物、石油烃的吸附性能及固定化菌株苍白杆菌Q1对石油烃的降解效果。结果表明：随着热解温度升高,菌糠炭对微生物吸附效果提高,其中550 ℃菌糠炭吸附固定化量最高为1.582×10¹⁰ CFU/g,SEM扫面电镜结果显示菌株主要吸附在材料表面。高温炭对石油烃吸附较好,其中550 ℃菌糠炭对胶质、沥青质吸附率最高,分别为36.33%、25.59%;吸附效果均与孔结构、芳香性相关显著,其协同微生物对石油烃四组分总体降解效率高,均优于其他热解温度下制备的菌糠炭组,pH值和有机碳含量对微生物吸附 降解影响较明显,550 ℃菌糠炭对微生物降解石油烃具有强化作用。     

Regeneration of waste rolling oil via inorganic flocculation-adsorption process

Waste rolling oil (WRO) can be regenerated by inorganic flocculation-adsorption. Ferric hydroxide (Fe(OH)₃) colloid prepared by the double decomposition reaction of FeCl₃ and NaOH was selected as an inorganic flocculant. Fly ash, activated carbon, clay and silica gel were used as adsorbents to treat the WRO. Effects of different treatment conditions on the performance of the recycled oil were investigated. Results indicated that the recycled oil achieved optimum quality under the following conditions: flocculation time, 6?min; temperature, 60?°C; adsorption time, 20?min; and mass ratios of FeCl₃-to-WRO, NaOH-to-FeCl₃ and fly ash-to-WRO of 0.10, 3 and 0.03, respectively. NaOH combined with Fe(OH)₃ effectively removed most macromolecular impurities, organic acids, lipids, and alcohols. Fly ash exerted the best adsorption rate and adsorption effect. In addition, physicochemical properties of the recycled oils were close to those of fresh oil.     

钇金属-有机骨架(Y-MOF)材料吸附脱硫性能及其吸附动力学特性

以稀土钇为金属离子,1,3,5-均苯三甲酸(BTC)为配体,在水热条件下合成了钇金属-有机骨架材料(Y-MOFs)。以噻吩/正辛烷作为含硫化合物模型油品,研究了Y-MOFs材料的吸附脱硫性能和吸附脱硫动力学特性,获得了吸附脱硫动力学方程和吸附脱硫等温线。结果表明,Y-MOFs材料在油/剂比为100和吸附温度为 303K的优化条件下,具有很高的吸附脱硫能力,吸附脱硫率为80.7%,吸附脱硫容量为30.7 mgS/g。Y-MOFs的吸附脱硫过程符合拟二级动力学模型,动力学方程为dqt/dt=0.007(31.97-qt)2。在液时空速在1.0 ~1.8 h-1范围,Y-MOFs材料对噻吩的穿透硫容在2.21%~1.80%范围。     

Composition and sorption properties of asphaltene sulfonates

The sulfonation of the dissolved oil objects by concentrated sulfuric acid was carried out at 60, 80, 100 ^oC and the resulting products with a structural-group composition similar to sulfonated asphaltenes were obtained. Structural-group composition of sulfonated oil products was established by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the relative contents of sulfo-, sulfono- and carboxyl ionogenic functional groups was determined on the basis of spectral coefficients. The sorption capacity of sulfonated oil products (10-13 mg/g for Ca²⁺ and 14–18 mg/g for Cu²⁺) was determined by atom-absorption spectroscopy. It was established that the sorption characteristics of sulfonated oil products are determined by the total contents of asphaltene-resin components in starting oil objects and temperature of the sulfonation process.     

Adsorptive removal of petroleum hydrocarbons from aqueous solutions by novel zinc oxide nanoparticles grafted with polymers

Zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized and modified by a three-stage method. Elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method were applied to characterize the nanoparticles. These nanoparticles were evaluated for toluene adsorption from aqueous solutions as a representative of petroleum hydrocarbon removal. The optimum adsorption condition achieved at pH of 6 and contact time of 30 min. The adsorption isotherms were fitted to the Langmuir model. The measured adsorption capacity was 12.8 mg g^?1. This study demonstrated that these nanoparticles could be used as an effective adsorbent for petroleum hydrocarbon removal.     

煤、油页岩和页岩微观孔隙差异及其储集机理

运用氮气吸附、压汞、扫描电镜和甲烷吸附实验研究煤、油页岩和页岩的孔隙结构特征、分析了煤、油页岩和页岩的储集机理。结果表明：①煤、油页岩和页岩的孔隙大小及分布特征有显著的差异,与成熟度、黏土矿物孔隙和有机质流体产生的矿物溶蚀孔等有关;②低成熟干酪根微观孔隙不发育,含有少量微孔和相对多的中孔;高过成熟干酪根发育有大量的微孔及少量中孔,其比表面积和孔体积远高于低成熟干酪根,是页岩比表面积和孔体积的重要贡献者;③煤、油页岩和页岩甲烷吸附容量与其比表面积大小不匹配,具有较低比表面积的煤其甲烷吸附容量最高,煤的这种超量赋存可能是以“填充”甚至是以“固溶态”方式存在;油页岩的甲烷吸附容量中可能包含一定量的沥青溶解气;高过成熟页岩甲烷吸附容量明显高于低成熟页岩甲烷吸附容量。     

Synthesis and characterization of oil sorbent based on Hydroxypropyl Cellulose Acrylate

The present work deals with the preparation of some oil sorbers based on cellulose derivatives to control petroleum oil spills. In this respect, hydroxypropyl cellulose HPC was used to synthesize hydroxypropyl cellulose acrylate HPCA macromonomer by esterification of HPC with acryloyl chloride. Then the produced HPCA monomer was copolymerized with octadecyl acrylate (ODA) in the presence of two types of crosslinkers to produce oil gel. The chemical structures of both HPC and HPCA were confirmed by using FTIR and ¹HNMR spectroscopic analysis. Whereas the thermal properties of the crosslinked oil absorbents were investigated using TGA. Furthermore, morphological properties of prepared crosslinked copolymers were studied using SEM. Several parameters were considered to evaluate the oil sorbers, such as: monomers feed ratio, type and concentration of the applied crosslinkers. Finally, the swelling efficiency of oil gel was thoroughly investigated in light and heavy oil. It observed that as the octadecyl acrylate content increased the oil absorbency also increased and reached a maximum value at monomer feed ratio 10/90 HPCA/ODA. It is found that the maximum oil absorbency measured with MBA at a monomer feed ratio 10/90 HPCA/ODA are 29.7 and 18.6 g/g for toluene and crude oil, respectively.     

Oily Wastewater Treatment through a Separation Process Using Bubbles without Froth Formation

Abstract

This study seeks to investigate the use of a surfactant derived from coconut oil in the recovery process of organic compounds from oily effluents. To evaluate its efficiency in oil removal and its optimal concentration for each oil/water ratio, experiments were carried out using water/oil emulsions (50, 100, 200, and 400 ppm of oil) and produced water (50 ppm) in a small-scale column. According to these experiments, it was verified that there is an optimum surfactant concentration for each emulsion, and for produced water the extraction efficiency reaches a maximum value (80%) at a surfactant concentration of 0.1 g/L^?1.     

Performance improvement of ionic surfactant flooding in carbonate rock samples by use of nanoparticles

Various surfactants have been used in upstream petroleum processes like chemical flooding. Ultimately, the performance of these surfactants depends on their ability to reduce the interfacial tension between oil and water. The surfactant concentration in the aqueous solution decreases owing to the loss of the surfactant on the rock surface in the injection process. The main objective of this paper is to inhibit the surfactant loss by means of adding nanoparticles. Sodium dodecyl sulfate and silica nanoparticles were used as ionic surfactant and nanoparticles in our experiments, respectively. AEROSIL~? 816 and AEROSIL~?200 are hydrophobic and hydrophilic nanoparticles. To determine the adsorption loss of the surfactant onto rock samples, a conductivity approach was used. Real carbonate rock samples were used as the solid phase in adsorption experiments. It should be noted that the rock samples were water wet. This paper describes how equilibrium adsorption was investigated by examining adsorption behavior in a system of carbonate sample(solid phase) and surfactant solution(aqueous phase). The initial surfactant and nanoparticle concentrations were 500–5000 and 500–2000 ppm, respectively. The rate of surfactant losses was extremely dependent on the concentration of the surfactant in the system, and the adsorption of the surfactant decreased with an increase in the nanoparticle concentration. Also, the hydrophilic nanoparticles are more effective than the hydrophobic nanoparticles.