空间重离子的鉴别

采用地面加速的重离子模拟空间重离子标定了CR－39固体核径迹探测器，通过物理分析和计算方法获得了一个数学表达式，这样就可以通过CR－39固体核径迹探测器上径迹的测量进行离子鉴别和能量估计。     

CR-39固体核径迹探测器观测方法

针对重离子辐射的CR - 39固体核径迹探测器中的微观径迹结构特点和剂量特征研究的必要步骤——探测器观测,从CR - 39中粒子潜径迹形成和发展出发,探讨了影响粒子径迹的因素,选取两种径迹观测方法——光学显微镜观测和电子显微镜观测进行对比分析.在此基础上进行了试验,用不同通量的100 MeV Si离子照射CR - 39...     

固体径迹探测器在加速器驱动洁净核能系统中的应用

介绍了加速器驱动洁净核能系统（ADS）中次临界反应堆物理实验研究的内容，固体径迹探测器（白云母，CR－39）测量ADS堆芯中子通量和中子能量的原理。     

固体径迹探测器CR39的标定

固体径迹探测器广泛应用于科学和技术方面，CR39是其中使用很频繁的一种塑料探测器。由于电子和伽马光子在CR39中的碰撞截面很小，远小于中子、质子或其他离子的碰撞截面，因此可认为固体径迹探测器CR39对电子和光子不响应，而仅对中子、质子或其他离子响应，这给CR39在实验中的应用带来很大优点。在超短超强脉冲激光与等离子体相互作用的实验中，会产生大量的强伽马射线、热电子或超热电子，而在有些实验如超短超强脉冲激光加速产生高能质子束的研究中，需单独对质子束的通量、角分布、能谱等参数进行详尽的测量。     

CR39探测器对5种能量α粒子的响应

利用5种能量的α射线照射CR39探测器,采用浓度分别为6.0 N和6.25 N的NaOH溶液,在70℃的恒温条件下蚀刻,获得了体蚀刻率,蚀去厚度、径迹直径与蚀刻时间的关系,α粒子能量与径迹直径的关系等性能参数,为研究CR39对质子和中子的响应奠定基础。     

CR39探测器的带电粒子能量响应研究

为在神光系列激光装置上开展惯性约束聚变(ICF)带电粒子诊断,通过0.7~10 MeV加速器质子源和241 Am放射性同位素α粒子源完成了CR39探测器的质子和α粒子能量响应实验研究,结合TRIM程序和半经验模型建立了CR39刻蚀动力学模拟程序,模拟分析了p、D、T和α粒子在正入射和斜入射条件下CR39的径迹形状与能量响应特征,对多种ICF带电粒子谱仪的CR39探测器单元的设计提出了优化方案。     

基于CR39固体核径迹探测器的低能中子剂量测量方法初步研究

本文给出了一种采用固体核径迹探测器测量低能(0.5 eV以下能量)中子的双片径迹计数方法,利用蒙特卡罗模拟和实验,统计分析了低能中子引起的探测器单位面积径迹密度。结果显示,采用双片径迹计数方法,实现了CR39对于低能中子的响应,可以对低能中子引起的个人剂量进行估算。应用在中子职业个人剂量监测时,有效甄别了背景径迹的影响,因而降低了测量误差,对减小中子个人剂量监测的测量不确定度也是一个可行的方法。     

阿尔泰哈巴河岩体的裂变径迹年龄及热历史

对哈巴河岩体的磷灰石和锆石进行了裂变径迹测年，磷灰石的裂变径迹年龄为51．1－－76.9Ma，锆石的裂变径迹年龄为141－149Ma，根据磷灰石中自发裂变约束径迹长度的测量数据和Laslett的数学模型对岩体的古地温变化规律（T－t轨迹）进行了模拟，并结合其他矿物和方法的实测年龄值和封闭温度原理讨论了该区的热历史和隆升历史。     

用于离子能谱测量的Thomson谱仪设计与数据处理技术

在设计可用于测量质子、n粒子以及其他重带电离子能谱的Thomson谱仪的过程中,研究了带电离子在谱仪电场和磁场作用下的运动轨迹,开发了相应的计算机辅助设计软件。CR39固体径迹探测器作为离子记录介质,离子径迹在记录面呈现抛物线带状分布,研究了由抛物线带状分布回推离子能谱的数据处理方法。     

1.23 GeV Fe离子在C60薄膜中形成潜径迹的Raman谱分析

用能量为1.23GeV的快Fe离子辐照了多层堆叠的C60薄膜。用Raman散射技术分析了快Fe离子在C60薄膜中由强电子激发引起的效应，主要包括辐照引起C60分子的聚合及其高温、高压相（HTHP）的形成，和在高电子能损下C60晶体点阵位置上的C60分子向非晶碳的转变。由此演绎出了快Fe离子在C60薄膜中的损伤截面或潜径迹截面σ和潜径迹的半径心，及其随沉积在电子系统中的能量密度的变化而变化的规律。     

CR-39应用于中子探测的化学蚀刻条件优化研究

CR-39化学蚀刻的主要影响因素有蚀刻温度、蚀刻液种类和浓度以及蚀刻时间等。本研究选用英国Track Analysis Systems公司的CR-39,采用正交法对蚀刻温度、蚀刻液浓度、蚀刻时间进行试验研究,并与公司推荐化学蚀刻条件下的径迹图像、径迹密度进行对比,得出的优化蚀刻条件是:蚀刻温度为85°C、Na OH蚀刻液浓度为7 mol·L ~1,蚀刻时间为90 min。实验同时发现蚀刻温度是这三个因素中对化学蚀刻后净径迹密度影响最大的因素,而蚀刻时间的影响最小。该研究为CR-39应用于中子探测提供了更好的蚀刻条件,节省了实验时间。     

Simple preparation of thin CR-39 detectors for alpha-particle radiobiological experiments

Alpha-particle radiobiological experiments involve irradiating cells with alpha particles and require accurate positions where the alpha particles hit the cells. In the present work, we prepared thin CR-39 detectors from commercially available CR-39 SSNTDs with a thickness of 100 μm by etching them in 1 N NaOH/ethanol at 40 °C to below 20 μm. The desired final thickness was achieved within ∼8 h. Such etching conditions can provide relatively small roughness of the detector as revealed by atomic force microscope, and thus provide transparent detectors for radiobiological experiments. UV radiation was employed to shorten track formation time on these thin CR-39 detectors. After exposure to UV light (UVA + B radiation) for 2-3 h with doses from 259 to 389 W/cm², 5 MeV alpha-particle tracks can be seen to develop on these CR-39 detectors clearly under the optical microscope within 2 h in 14 N KOH at 37 °C. As an example for practical use, custom-made petri dishes, with a hole drilled at the bottom and covered with a thin CR-39 detector, were used for culturing HeLa cells. The feasibility of using these thin CR-39 detectors is demonstrated by taking photographs of the cells and alpha-particle tracks together under the optical microscope, which can allow the hit positions on the cells by the alpha particles to be determined accurately.     

Characteristics of CR-39 doped with chlorinated compounds

Characteristics of CR-39 plastic containing chlorinated compounds such as HCB and DCD have been studied using relativistic heavy ions from the LBL Bevalac. These results are compared with those of pure CR-39, focusing in particular on etching properties and on whether a penetrating etch hole is produced along each particle path by a long duration etch. The relation between the reduced track etch rate and the etchant concentration for CR-39 containing HCB is quite different from that of pure CR-39. Dilute etchants gives much higher track sensitivities than do more concentrated solutions in a wide range of REL. Since type HCB/DCD CR-39 loss its sensitivity in the interior of the bulk material for low REL produced by 2.1 GeV/n Ne ions, penetrating etch holes are not produced along the particle paths after a heavy etching.     

核径迹-银纳米颗粒改性的CR-39材料制备及其抗红外反射性能

本工作用中国原子能科学研究院HI-13串列加速器提供的³²S离子辐照CR-39样品,产生潜径迹,用紫外灯敏化后在氢氧化钠溶液中蚀刻,使潜径迹成为具有一定孔径的孔（洞）。用真空充氩气的方法在核径迹孔样品表面镀银纳米颗粒。电子扫描电镜图片显示,氩气压强在50～100Pa之间时,银纳米颗粒直径约为60～100nm,纳米颗粒形成球状团簇的大小为3μm。在红外光区（2.5～25μm）测量镀膜样品的反射率,测量结果表明,CR-39表面的核径迹与银纳米颗粒能将红外光区（8.0～25μm）的反射率降低到0.9%,与未经改性的CR-39比较,减低了82%。在5.8和7.8μm处,CR-39的本底反射率分别从9.0%和130%降低到了5.0%和6.8%。     

Comparative studies of etching mechanisms of CR-39 in NaOH/H2O and NaOH/ethanol

The bulk etch rate for CR-39 in NaOH/ethanol was faster than those in aqueous solution of NaOH (NaOH/H₂O). Furthermore, a layer of precipitate always accumulates on the surface of CR-39 detector during etching in NaOH/ethanol, which is absent during etching in NaOH/H₂O. In the present work, mass spectrometry results have shown that the same etched products are present in the etchants of NaOH/H₂O and NaOH/ethanol after etching of CR-39. This shows that CR-39 has the same etching mechanism in both etchants. These etched products support the etching mechanism of scission of the carbonate ester bond in CR-39 by the hydroxide ion through basic hydrolysis of ester. The difference in the bulk etch rates can be explained in terms of the solubility of the etched products in the etchants. FTIR analyses of the solute formed from the etchants show the formation of allyl alcohol and carbonate during etching in both etchants. The FTIR spectra of the precipitate formed at the surface of CR-39 detectors during etching in NaOH/ethanol has also shown that sodium carbonate is present in the precipitate. Finally, XRD analyses of the solute formed from the etchants show the formation of sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate in the etchant of NaOH/H₂O after etching and the formation of the mineral natrite and thermonatrite in the etchant of NaOH/ethanol as well as in the layer of precipitate on the surface of the CR-39 detector formed during etching in NaOH/ethanol.     

测量热中子的CR－39 SSNTD

阐述了ＣＲ－３９ＳＳＮＴＤ实现热中子测量的机理，介绍了热中子ＣＲ－３９ＳＳＮＴＤ的制造方法及其在个人中子剂量计中的初步应用。     

Coherent light scattering by nuclear etched tracks in the PADC (a form of CR-39)

A new kind of measurement has been proposed to improve the reading of the Solid State Nuclear Track Detector CR-39. This method is based on coherent light scattering (He–Ne laser) by etched proton tracks, and is complementary to observation under an optical microscope and reading by optical density of the CR-39. The irradiated and chemically etched CR-39 sample is illuminated by a laser beam under a normal incidence angle. The light intensity diffracted by the tracks beyond the sample – defined with the bi-directional transmissive distribution functions – is measured with a photodiode. Thus, the bi-directional transmissive distribution functions depend on the characteristics of the irradiation, namely the track density, track sizes and orientations. We have performed a track light diffraction model calculation through the use of the Fraunhofer diffraction, Babinet's principle and the spatial coherence and incoherence. We compared calculations and experimental results for the different shapes of tracks: conical, oblique and spherical-shaped.     

国产CR-39塑料膜测量α粒子的研究

选用国产CR-39测量α粒子的实验研究结果表明:该材料经α标准源照射后,加以化学预蚀刻、电化学蚀刻,可得到清晰的树状径迹。在入射条件一致情况下,α粒子注量与产生的径迹密度呈线性关系。相对探测效率为20％。平均本底径迹为0.2个/mm~2。