荧光玻璃、热释光和光释光探测器性能比较

介绍了荧光玻璃探测器、热释光探测器和光释光探测器基本原理和近期发展,并总结了荧光玻璃、热释光探测器、光释光探测器的优缺点.荧光玻璃最大优点是长期稳定性好和可多次读取.热释光和光释光探测器具有灵敏度高、低探测阈、较好的稳定性和能量响应、环境适应性强等优点.但与LiF:Mg,Cu,P相比,α- Al2O3:C光释光探测器对...     

升温速率对氟化锂热释光探测器灵敏度和探测阈的影响

本文探讨了１－５０℃／ｓ范围内升浊译ＬｉＦ热释光探测器灵敏度和探测阈的影响。实验数据经统计处理后表明ＬｉＦ（Ｍｇ．Ｃｕ,Ｐ）和ＬｉＦ（Ｍｇ,Ｔｉ）－Ｍ在此范围内不同升温速率下的灵敏度和探测阈无差异。     

国产氟化锂片型热释光探测器性能比较研究

本文报道了对常用国产ＬｉＦ（Ｍｇ，Ｃｕ，Ｐ）和ＬｉＦ（Ｍｇ，Ｔｉ）两类片型热释光探测器的６种产品进行剂量学性能比较研究的结果。根据国家标准“个人和环境监测用热释光剂量测量系统”的技术要求和实际需求，比较了这几种探测器的热释发光曲线，相对灵敏度，探测阈，线性度，光子能量响应，一批的均匀性，重复性和稳定性等剂量学特性。文中还对ＴＬ探测器应用中的有关问题作了讨论。     

RGD6型热释光仪研制

本文介绍了新研制的RGD6型热释光仪的基本特点、主要技术性能和工作原理,详细描述了其特有的连续自动测量功能.试验结果表明,RGD6型热释光仪在功能设计、测量灵敏度及数据分散性等方面均有明显提高,满足了热释光测量的性能要求.     

放射性碘连续监测系统判断阈和探测限的确定

结合中国辐射防护研究院研制的PIG连续监测系统中对放射性碘的采样、测量和数据分析方法,按ISO规定的判断阈和探测限的计算原则确定了PIG连续监测系统放射性碘监测部分的判断阈和探测限.     

热释光LiF(Mg,Cu,P)探测器对宇宙射线的响应

在北京市密云水库水面对国内环境累积剂量测量中使用较多的GR-200A型、CTLDM000型和TLD2000型热释光LiF(Mg,Cu,P)探测器对宇宙射线的响应进行了实验测量,得出了三种热释光探测器相对于高压电离室的宇宙射线响应因子分别为0.845和0.877和0.839.     

热释光粉末分装器

引言热释光剂量测量方法是近十几年来迅速发展起来的一种新型剂量监测技术。由于它具有许多优点,在辐射防护、放射医学与放射生物学、地质、考古等方面都备受重视,并得到广泛应用。在热释光测量技术中,粉末状热释光材料具有分散性小,测量中不需要进行挑选等优点。因此,在热释光测量工作中,粉末状热释光材料至今仍是人们喜欢的重要探测元件。但是,它与成形的热释光元件相比,使用粉末也有某些不便之处。例如,为保证剂量测定的精度要求对成千上万份热释光粉末要准确称量。     

基于EM9000工控机的热释光仪软件设计

本文介绍了EM9000工控机的性能特点,描述了基于EM9000工控机的热释光仪控制软件的功能设计及系统模块构成;阐述了发光曲线实时变换及显示难点的解决办法.实验结果表明,该系统测量效率和探测灵敏度较高,存储、读取数据方便可靠.     

简易热电偶焊接器

热释光技术已广泛地用于辐射剂量监测。由于热释光探测元件有方片、圆片、圆棒及粉末等形式,应用不同测量元件需更换不同的测量盘;此外,测量盘用久变黑也需更换。在更换的过程中,极易碰断热电偶丝。本文介绍一种热电偶焊接器和焊接方法,较满意地解决了这个问题。     

LiF(Mg,Cu,P)热释光探测器测量、退火方式的确定

实验研究了BR－1000A型LiF(Mg,Cu,P)热释光探测器的测量和退火方式对剂量测量的影响。结果表明，当测量和退火方式分别在热释光探测器两个不同表面下进行时，其分散性将比测量和退火在同一表面下进行时增大，使测量精度下降，所以在高精度要求的测量下，应使测量和退火面保持一致，热释光探测器受灰尘或手触摸等污染后，对其读出值和测量精度有一定影响，其影响大小和污染程度有关。     

Characteristics of pulsed photo-stimulated luminescence and thermoluminescence for the identification of gamma irradiated poultry eggs

Pulsed photo-stimulated luminescence (PPSL) is a simple screening method that can be employed qualitatively at the spot for the detection of eggs treated with ionizing radiation.Due to the variations in the results during storage,the eggs of ostrich,duck,hen,and quail were irradiated to doses of 0,1,2,and 3 kGy.Most of the samples were incorrectly identified during storage after four months of irradiation.Thermoluminescence (TL) technique was also tried by using egg shells in order to confirm the irradiation treatment in eggs.TL glow curves were recorded between the temperatures 50℃to 400℃at the rate of 5°/s for all the control and irradiated samples.On the basis of integrated areas of first glow curves (TL1),the glow curve ratios (TL1/TL2) and the shapes of maxima of TL1, the irradiation treatment of all the eggs was confirmed.Furthermore,the presence of calcite and aragonite minerals that cause the TL signal in the egg shells were studied using X-ray diffraction spectrometry.     

数字射线扫描成像系统MTF的测试分析

为有效实现数字射线扫描成像检测系统性能的定量分析评价,据此进行检测工艺参数的优化,对数字射线扫描成像检测系统调制传递函数(Modulation transfer function,MTF)进行了测试分析。采用刀口工具、双线型像质计、分辨率测试卡,对系统在不同焦点大小、放大倍数、运动方向的检测情况,分别进行了MTF的测试并进行了比较。结果表明,双线型像质计与分辨率测试卡的测试结果基本一致,但双线型像质计更便于对比度的定量计算;双线型像质计的对比度传递函数近似符合二次曲线,经转换得到的调制传递函数值高于刀口法的测试值,刀口法计算数值偏低的原因在于运动不平稳所带来的不利影响。分析表明,数字射线扫描成像系统性能受到多个因素的共同影响,MTF测试结果可较全面地对影响因素进行定量评价,可用于确定最佳的检测参数或找出等价的参数组合。     

基于物理体模CT图像的1岁儿童体素体模构建

本文介绍了基于1岁儿童物理体模（Model 704-D）的CT图像和中国成年男性参考人体素体模(CRAM)的1岁儿童体素体模（CPP01）的构建,包括通过对物理体模扫描得到OCP01体模（基于儿童物理体模的CT图像建立的一粗略的体素体模）,进而构建和优化CPP01。该体素体模的各器官组织的质量与GBZ/T 200.2-2007所给数据的相对偏差约在5%以内,且其外部轮廓和主要器官的位置与Model 704-D相匹配。     

Activity level of gross α and gross β in airborne aerosol samples around the Qinshan NPP

The monitoring results of gross α and gross β activity from 2001 to 2005 for environmental airborne aerosol samples around the Qinshan NPP base are presented in this paper. A total of 170 aerosol samples were collected from monitoring sites of Caichenmen village, Qinlian village, Xiajiawan village and Yangliucun village around the Qinshan NPP base. The measured specific activity of gross α and gross β are in the range of 0.02 ～ 0.38 mBq/m3 and 0.10 ～ 1.81 mBq/m3, respectively, with an average of 0.11 mBq/m3 and 0.45mBq/m3, respectively. They are lower than the average of 0.15 mBq/m3 and 0.52mBq/m3, of reference site at Hangzhou City. It is indicated that the specific activity of gross α and gross β for environmental aerosol samples around the Qinshan NPP base had not been increased in normal operating conditions of the NPP.     

Simulation of the mixing process in FCIs with hydrodynamic fragmentation model

Fuel Coolant Interactions (FCIs) are important issues in nuclear reactor severe accident analysis. In FCIs, fragmentation model of molten droplets is a key factor to estimate degree of possible damage. In this paper, the mixing process in FCIs is studied by the simulation of MIXA experiment with hydrodynamic fragmentation model. The result shows that hydrodynamic fragmentation model underestimates the fragmentation rate of high temperature molten droplets under the condition of low Weber numbers. It is concluded that models based on thermal fragmentation mechanism should be adopted to analyze the FCI process and its consequence.     

NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNIQUES Volume 25,2014

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PLASMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUME 16(2014)

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Probing stray surface electric patch fields using Rydberg atoms

The stray electric “patch” fields present at a Au(1 1 1) surface are investigated by studying the ionization of Rydberg atoms incident at near-grazing angles. Measurements of the threshold conditions required to observe the resulting ions are used to estimate how large such stray fields can be. The data show that the stray fields can be sizeable, as large as ∼10³ V cm⁻¹ 100 nm from the surface and ∼20 V cm⁻¹ 500 nm from the surface, and illustrate the potential of Rydberg atoms for detecting and characterizing surface electric fields.     

Evaluation of decay data of 213Bi

213Bi disintegrates (97.91±0.03) % by β- emission to the levels in 213po, and (2.09±0.03) % through α decay to 209Tl. The evaluation of the complete decay scheme and data of 213Bi including the recent new measurements are presented in this report. The Limitation of Relative Statistical Weight Method (LWM) was applied to average numbers throughout the evaluation. The uncertainty assigned to the average value was always greater than or equal to the smallest uncertainty of the values used to calculate the average. The half-life is determined to be 45.59±0.06 minutes. All known measured gamma-ray relative emission probabilities have been examined. And the gamma-ray emission probability of the reference γ line of 440.44keV is recommended to be (26.1±0.3) %. The calculated internal conversion coefficients and their uncertainties have been used to obtain the complete decay intensity balance. The other decay characteristics are calculated using the ENSDF analysis program. Finally the new 213Bi decay scheme was re-built.     

Effects of molten material temperatures and coolant temperatures on vapor explosion

An observable experiment facility for low-temperature molten materials to be dropped into water was set up in this study to investigate the mechanism of the vapor explosion. The effect of the fuel and coolant interaction (FCI) on the vapor explosion during the severe accidents of a fission nuclear reactor has been studied. The experiment results showed that the molten material temperature has an important effect on the vapor explosion behavior and pressure. The increase of the coolant temperature would decrease the pressure of the vapor explosion.