质子入射能在Ep≤100MeV的（p，n）反应激发函数半经验计算方法

基于核反应的蒸发模型和预平衡激子模型,在靶核质量数为30≤A≤140、质子入射能Ep≤100 MeV的范围内,假定激子数为N=N_0=3时达到平衡,激子模型采用了“无返回”近似,采用常温型能级密度等条件下,对模型理论进行了简化,得到了理论模型清晰、公式简单的计算(p,n)反应的激发函数的半经验公式,并利用实验数据对半经验公式中的参数进行了研究,得到了该参数与靶核N和Z的     

蒸发和激子模型的(n,α)激发函数系统学研究

(n，α)反应截面对于反应堆，特别是对快堆和聚变堆工程设计是一种很重要的数据。在一些近似条件下，基于核反应蒸发和预平衡激子模型理论研究了入射能量小于20MeV的(n，α)激发函数。在靶核30≤A≤209范围内，基于(n，α)反应的截面实验数据对得到的半经验公式的参数进行了研究，得到了参数对靶核的N和Z以及中子入射能量的依赖关系。利用普适参数预言(n，α)反应的激发函数，预言值在其误差范围内与实验数据一致。     

核反应模型程序EMPIRE-2．19的开发

EMPIRE程序是在国际核数据界备受重视的适用于E≤200MeV多种粒子入射的全套核数据模型计算程序，包含了现有的多种核反应模型理论，可给出各种核反应数据，并具有与实验数据库和核模型参数库的链接功能，还包含绘图模块和ENDF库格式处理模块。     

蒸发和激子模型的(n,a)激发函数系统学研究

(n,a)反应截面对于反应堆,特别是对快堆和聚变堆工程设计是一种很重要的数据。在一些近似条件下,基于核反应蒸发和预平衡激子模型理论研究了入射能量小于 20 MeV的(n,a)激发函数。在靶核30≤A≤209 范围内,基于(n,a)反应的截面实验数据对得到的半经验公式的参数进行了研究,得到了参数对靶核的 N 和 Z 以及中子入射能量的依赖关系。利用普适参数预言(n,a)反应的激发函数,预言值在其误差范围内与实验数据一致。     

平均总辐射宽度〈Г_γ~0〉和〈Г_γ~1〉的系统学

本文选取并分析了208个靶核(11≤Z≤98,23≤A≤249)的平均总辐射宽度<Г_γ~0>或<Г_γ~1>的实验值。首先,应用经验公式进行拟合,得到     

一个用于核质量公式修正和核质量计算的程序NMC

程序ＮＭＣ是为完成核质量公式修正和核质量计算而设计的。在５０≤Ｚ≤７１区域对６４０个原子核和双中子分离能的实验数据进行了拟合，确定了４个自由参数，取得了满意的结果。程序采用了多种可供选择的拟合方法，并采用了方便的对话式人机界面。     

Band Structure in the Doubly Magic Nucleus ^56Ni

采用推广的液滴模型（GLDM）研究了超重核^263Db的宏观形变势能，形变势能对α衰变道起重要作用。在GLDM模型中假定核为质量不对称准分子形状，系统的宏观能量包括体能、表面能、库仑能和亲和势。微观单粒子能是由准分子形状的轴对称的Woods-Saxon势计算得到，并用Strutinsky方法计算壳修正。在不同形变下核的总能量由宏观-微观方法得到，即液滴能加上Strutinsky壳修正能。     

利用机器学习预测重核和超重核的α衰变能

α衰变对重核和超重核的鉴别和研究有重要意义。近年来，机器学习广泛应用于各种核物理问题研究。为进一步探索机器学习在核物理问题研究中的适用性，本文采用机器学习中的高斯过程对重核和超重核的α衰变能进行了研究。首先，在高斯过程的框架下计算了新核素²⁰⁷Th的α衰变能，计算得到的理论α衰变能与实验结果符合较好，结合较好的交叉验证结果可知，利用高斯过程研究重核和超重核α衰变能的可靠性较好。然后，利用高斯过程预测了89≤Z≤118的一些重核和超重核未知的α衰变能，并将该预测结果与传统模型的预测结果进行了比较，二者符合较好。综上所述，这些预测的α衰变能可为未来重核和超重核的实验研究提供较准确的理论参考。     

基于额定参数的核主泵惰转工况计算模型

针对突发断电事故下的核主泵惰转工况,基于额定参数提出惰转转速与惰转流量特性曲线计算模型,并通过100D型核主泵惰转试验数据对推导的模型予以验证。结果表明,该计算模型可用于核主泵初步设计计算和验证分析。基于该模型进一步得到了核主泵惰转设计准则,并验证了AP1000核主泵设计转动惯量。     

MC法模拟计算有限介质双层材料γ照射量累积因子

基于Geant4模拟平台和有限介质模型,计算并建立了常见材料水、铁、铅和混凝土两两组合下的γ射线照射量累积因子数据库,对比分析了计算结果与通过可靠性较好的经验公式计算数据之间的差异,以及与目前常用的无限大介质模型下相应数据之间的不同。实验结果表明,对于文中算例,相比于无限大介质模型,有限介质模型下的累积因子数据,使得点核积分计算结果与Geant4模拟结果之间的偏差缩小了约15%,能够有效地提升γ照射量点核积分计算结果的准确性。     

Identification of radiation treatment of wheat （Triticum aestivum. L）and rice （Oryza sativa. L） samples using thermoluminescence of contaminating minerals

Food irradiation is gaining popularity worldwide and this technology is important to improve quality and reduce the post harvest losses of food. Because of the rapid commercialization of irradiated foods throughout the world, compliance of different regulations relating to use of technology in different countries and demand of consumers for clear labelling of irradiated foods, there is need for the development of analytical methods to detect radiation treatment of food. Among several methods studied so far, thermoluminescence （TL） is an important method that can be used to find out the irradiation history of food that contain even a very minute amount of dust particles. In this study, the irradiated and unirradiated wheat and rice samples were analyzed using the TL method. The samples were purchased from the local market of Peshawar and irradiated to radiation doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy using Co-60 gamma irradiator at the Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture （NIFA）, Peshawar. The mineral contaminants were isolated by jet water, ultrasonic treatment, and density gradient. TL glow curves of the isolated minerals from irradiated and unirradiated samples were recorded between the temperature ranges of 50-500℃ using a TL reader. Generally, the glow curves for irradiated samples showed much higher TL intensities （TL1） than the unirradiated samples. The results were normalized by rerradiation of mineral samples to gamma-ray dose of 1.0 kGy followed by determination of the second glow curves （TL2）. The ratio of the area of first glow curve to that of second glow curve （TL1/TL2） was calculated for selected temperature intervals and compared with the recommended values for unirradiated and irradiated samples. Finally, the shapes of the glow curves for irradiated and unirradiated samples were also analyzed. On the basis of these results （comparison of TL-intensities, TL1/TL2 ratios and shapes of the glow curves）, all the irradiated and unirradiated samples of wheat and rice were unequivocally identified.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

Interaction between uranium and humic acid (Ⅰ): Adsorption behaviors of U(Ⅵ) in soil humic acids

The adsorption behaviors of uranium on three soil humic acids (HAs), which were extracted from soils of different depths at the same site, were investigated under various experimental conditions. The adsorption results showed that U(Ⅵ) in solutions can be adsorbed by the three soil HAs, with the order of FHA (HA from 5 m depth of soil) ＞SHA (HA from the surface) ＞THA (HA from 10 m depth of soil) for adsorption efficiency in each desirable condition, and the adsorption reached equilibrium in about 240 min. Although the maximum adsorption efficiency was adsorption could be described with Langmiur isotherm or Freundlich isotherm equation. The L/S (liquid/solid, mL/g)ratio and pH were important factors influencing the adsorption in our adsorption system besides uranium concentration. The adsorption efficiency decreased with the increase of the L/S ratio and pH at the pH range of 2.0-3.0 for SHA and THA or 2.5 - 6.0 for FHA. However, no significant difference in adsorption of U(Ⅵ) was observed at the experimental temperature. All the results implied that humic substances have different characteristics in samples even collected at the same site.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

The preclinical pharmacological study of dopamine transporter imaging agent 18F-FP-β-CIT

The paper is to study pharmacologic characteristics of 18F-FP-β-CIT (18F-N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β- carbomethoxy-3β- (4-iodophenyl)nortropane) as an imaging agent for dopamine transporter. The radiochemical purity of 18F-FP-β-CIT in aqueous solution was over 95% after standing at room temperature for 4h. Biodistribution displayed rapid uptake in rat brain (1.375 %ID/organ at 5min and 0.100 %ID/organ at 180 min) and the striatal uptake was 1.444,0.731, 0.397, 0.230 and 0.146 %ID/g at 5, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min, respectively. The values of striatum/cerebellum,striatum/frontal cortex and striatum / hippocampus in rat's brain at 30 min were 3.38, 2.17 and 2.40 respectively. The uptake in striatum can be blocked by β-CFT, suggesting that 18F-FP-β-CIT binds to DAT peculiarly. The compound was rapidly cleared from monkey's blood. The striatal uptake was bilaterally decreased in the left-sided lesioned PD rats, compared with normal control. Brain PET imaging studies in normal monkey showed that 18F-FP-β-CIT was concentrated in striatum. The test of undue toxicity showed that the dose received by mice was 1250 times as by human, which indicates that 18F-FP-β-CIT is very safe. So 18F-FP-β-CIT is a promising PET imaging agent for DAT with safety and validity.     

Information for authors

<正>1.NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNIQUES(NST),a bimonthly journal,is devoted to all aspects of nuclear science and technology,theoretical or experimental.Its special interest lies in the subjects of synchrotron radiation science and technology;low energy accelerators,radiation technology and applications;radiochemistry,radiopharmaceuticals and nuclear medicine;nuclear electronics and instrumen-     

PLASMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUME 16(2014)

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Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.