125I标记重组L-天冬酰胺酶

重组L－天冬酰胺酶样品经SDS－PAGE和反相HPLC检测分别为单一蛋白带和单一峰，采用氯胺T法对重组L－天冬酰胺酶进行125I标记，再经Sephadex G-25柱分离纯化，收集第一峰放射活性最高的溶液，经反相HLPC分离，γ－计数器检测，125I重组L－天冬酰胺酶的放化纯度为95％，双向免疫扩散法检测结果表明，标记物具有与重组L－天冬酰胺酶一样的生物活性。     

Iodogen法~(125)I标记单克隆抗体10D9

采用Iodogen法,选择最佳标记条件进行12525I标记单克隆抗体10D9.标记产物用Sephadex G-50分离纯化,三氯醋酸(TCA)法测定标记率和放化纯,并对标记物的免疫活性及稳定性进行分析.结果显示,125I标记10D9的最佳条件为Iodogen用量10μg、10D9用量20μg、加入Na125I22.2MBq、室温反应8min,125I-10D9的标记率为(84.10±3.18)%,放化纯为(98.49±1.14)%,比活度为933.51 MBq/mg;125I-10D9与Daudi细胞的特异性结合率为(23.21±1.14)%;标记物加到含1%BSA的PBS中放置3W后放化纯度仍>90%.结果表明:Iodogen法125I标记10D9标记率和放化纯高,方法简便,标记物的稳定性好且能较好地保持其免疫活性.     

肿瘤标志物CA125免疫放射分析试剂盒的研制

采用两株CA125单克隆抗体,一株用于125I标记,另一株包被于试管作为固相抗体,稀释卵巢癌患者腹水制备标准品,建立了双位点夹心法人血清肿瘤标志物CA125免疫放射分析法.标准曲线的最大标准点免疫结合与零标准非特异结合之比大于100;最小检测限为1.0 U/mL;批内、批间变异系数分别为 4.4%～5.8 %和8.4%～9.9 %;样品中加入已知量CA125测定,回收率为96.8%～112.5%;对含高浓度CA125的血清样品稀释测定,结果表明方法的健全性良好.38例健康女性血清样品测定值范围为2.9～24.1 U/mL;±2s为9.6±9.6 U/mL.     

^99mTc直接法标记鼠／人嵌合抗体ccM4及在动物体内分布研究和初步临床…

ＳｎＣｌ２还原＾９９ｍＴｃＯ４后２－巯基乙醇还原的ｃｃＭ４混合标记。薄层层析测定标记率为９８％。ｃｃＭ４嵌合抗体标记前后免疫活性没有明显变化。动物体内分布实验结果显示：注射＾９９ｍＴｃ－ｃｃＭ４后１２ｈ，其放射性主要分布在肾，肝和血液；荷瘤鼠实验显示，％１２５Ｉ－ｃｃＭ４瘤体内聚集量最多。     

125I示踪法检测西夫韦肽在生物体内的代谢过程

采用 Iodogen法标记了西夫韦肽(sifuvirtide)，并用S-100 HR凝胶柱分离纯化标记物。125I-sifuvirtide放化纯度＞99.0%，比活为3.9 GBq•g-1；标记后的蛋白仍具有一定生物活性。三氯醋酸(TCA)沉淀法测定125I-sifuvirtide在生物样品中含量，血浆中125I-sifuvirtide 的放射性活度为286.5-26125.5 Bq•mL-1时，线性为0.9998±0.0005，回收率为72.3%±6.9%。猕猴静脉和皮下推注125I-sifuvirtide后，血浆TCA酸沉放射性浓度时间曲线符合二房室模型；皮下给药后平均消除半衰期为95.83 h，达峰时间平均为3.35 h，平均绝对生物利用度为85.2%。     

^125I标记氧化低密度脂蛋白抗体

采用Iodogen法对氧化低密度脂蛋白抗体（OxLDL—Ab）进行了^125I标记，并对标记条件进行了优化；采用PD-10柱对标记抗体进行分离纯化，并对^125I-OxLDL—Ab的体外稳定性和活性进行评价。结果表明，^125I-OxLDL-Ab标记率〉80％，放化纯度〉95％，比活度达73．3TBq／g；^125I-OxLDL-Ab分别在生理盐水、含2％BSA的生理盐水和人血清中4℃放置96h，放化纯度降低均小于5％；^125I-OxLDL—Ab在体外与OxLDL结合的Ka为10．6±1．3GL／mol。以上结果提示^125I-OxLDL-Ab体外稳定性好，与OxLDL结合活性高，^125I标记对其活性影响小，可以用于体外放免诊断试剂盒的研究。     

抗肝癌米托蒽醌免疫毫微粒球的制备与鉴定

采用乳化高温固化法制备载米托蒽醌（DHAQ）的牛血清白蛋白（BSA）毫微粒球（NP）（DHAQ－BSA－NP）后,应用改进的N－琥珀酰亚胺基－3（2－吡啶二硫）丙酸酯（SPDP）法将抗人肝癌单克隆抗体HAb18与DHAQ－BSA－NP偶联,制得抗人肝癌抗体免疫毫微粒球HAb-18-DHAQ-BSA-NP.再利用^125I标记的兔抗小鼠免疫球蛋白IgG测定HAb18-DHAQ-BSA-NP表面结合的HAb18数量。结果显示,HAb18偶联到毫微粒球DHAQ－BSA－NP表面,且每克HAb18-DHAQ-BSA-NP表面偶联3．5mgHAb18。     

EM>N-/EM>琥珀酰亚胺-3-碘［S

研究能有效降低抗体的体内脱碘的标记方法。碘标记N-琥珀酰亚胺-3-(三正丁基锡)苯甲酸酯(ATE)前体,得到N-琥珀酰亚胺-3-碘[125I]苯甲酸酯(S125IB),分别与人IgG和抗人肝癌单抗(Hepama-1)进行偶联,探索最佳标记条件,并测定标记物的稳定性和生物活性,研究直接标记和间接标记的Hepama-1在正常小鼠体内的生物学分布。结果表明,用N-氯代琥珀酰亚胺(NCS)法125I标记ATE前体,在ATE用量为25～100μg、NCS用量为10～20μg、磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS)用量为10～20μL、反应时间为5 min时,标记率大于95%;S125IB和人IgG的偶联率最高可达75%,偶联产物稳定性、生物活性良好;与Hepama-1偶联率可达75%以上。生物分布的对比实验证明,1,3,4,6-四氯-3α,6α-二苯甘脲(Iodogen)直接标记的Hepama-1在甲状腺的放射性摄取率(脱碘显示)最高是S125IB间接标记的Hepama-1的87.9倍。这说明以ATE为前体的放射性碘间接标记蛋白质方法与传统的碘直接标记方法相比较,在解决体内严重脱碘问题上具有明显的优越性。     

抗乳腺癌单克隆抗体6C6和人-鼠嵌合抗体6C6CHI的放射性标记及动物实验研究

为了研究99Tcm标记的抗乳腺癌单抗6C6及嵌合抗体6C6CHI在动物体内的生物学分布及在荷瘤裸鼠肿瘤中的摄取情况,采用改进的Schwartz法进行99Tcm标记抗体。标记后的抗体由小鼠尾静脉注射,观察不同时间的小鼠血液清除、全身清除以及两种99Tcm标记的抗体在荷人乳腺癌MCF7细胞的裸鼠中肿瘤的摄取情况,并在γ相机下于注射后不同时间显像。结果表明,99Tcm标记两种抗体的标记率均大于90％,标记抗体的免疫活性大于80％。99Tcm-6C6的全身清除半衰期为4.1 h,在血液中的半衰期分别为Tα=0.55 h、Tβ=12.42 h;99Tcm-6C6CHI的全身清除半衰期为4.28h,在血液中半衰期分别为Tα=0.98h、Tβ=12.42h。在荷人乳腺癌裸鼠中的体内分布结果是:在注射99Tcm-6C6后23h肿瘤和血的％ID·g-1分别为7.42±0.85和5.67±1.44。除肾外,T/NT(肿瘤/非肿瘤)比值均大于1。在注射99Tcm-6C6CHI后23h肿瘤和血的％ID·g-1分别为4.23±0.64和6.97±0.23,除瘤/血、瘤/肾比值小于1外,其余组织的T/NT均大于1。荷瘤鼠γ显像结果显示:在注射标记抗体后24h,肿瘤显像清晰,除肾外其它脏器无异常浓聚。抗乳腺癌单抗6C6在肿瘤中有较好的特异性,而人源化抗体6C6-CHI的肿瘤摄取稍低于6C6抗体,且血中放射性比6C6抗体高,但肿瘤显像清晰,而其它脏器的T/NT比值大于1,     

人血清CA15-3免疫放射分析法的建立

一株CA15-3单克隆抗体用于^125I标记，另一株CA15-3单克隆抗体包被试管作为固相抗体，建立了双位点夹心肿瘤标志物CA15-3免疫放射分析法。CA15-3标准品以CIS公司免疫放射分析药盒标准品校正。最小检测限为0.4U／mL；批内、批间变异系数分别为6．0％～6．2％和4．1％～5．9％；样品中加入已知量CA15-3测定，回收率为86．8％～118．6％；高浓度CA15-3的血清样品系列倍比稀释后测定，实测值和计算值呈线性相关，相关系数大于0.99；38例健康女性血清样品测定值为5．7～23．7U／mL。     

Identification of radiation treatment of wheat （Triticum aestivum. L）and rice （Oryza sativa. L） samples using thermoluminescence of contaminating minerals

Food irradiation is gaining popularity worldwide and this technology is important to improve quality and reduce the post harvest losses of food. Because of the rapid commercialization of irradiated foods throughout the world, compliance of different regulations relating to use of technology in different countries and demand of consumers for clear labelling of irradiated foods, there is need for the development of analytical methods to detect radiation treatment of food. Among several methods studied so far, thermoluminescence （TL） is an important method that can be used to find out the irradiation history of food that contain even a very minute amount of dust particles. In this study, the irradiated and unirradiated wheat and rice samples were analyzed using the TL method. The samples were purchased from the local market of Peshawar and irradiated to radiation doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy using Co-60 gamma irradiator at the Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture （NIFA）, Peshawar. The mineral contaminants were isolated by jet water, ultrasonic treatment, and density gradient. TL glow curves of the isolated minerals from irradiated and unirradiated samples were recorded between the temperature ranges of 50-500℃ using a TL reader. Generally, the glow curves for irradiated samples showed much higher TL intensities （TL1） than the unirradiated samples. The results were normalized by rerradiation of mineral samples to gamma-ray dose of 1.0 kGy followed by determination of the second glow curves （TL2）. The ratio of the area of first glow curve to that of second glow curve （TL1/TL2） was calculated for selected temperature intervals and compared with the recommended values for unirradiated and irradiated samples. Finally, the shapes of the glow curves for irradiated and unirradiated samples were also analyzed. On the basis of these results （comparison of TL-intensities, TL1/TL2 ratios and shapes of the glow curves）, all the irradiated and unirradiated samples of wheat and rice were unequivocally identified.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

Interaction between uranium and humic acid (Ⅰ): Adsorption behaviors of U(Ⅵ) in soil humic acids

The adsorption behaviors of uranium on three soil humic acids (HAs), which were extracted from soils of different depths at the same site, were investigated under various experimental conditions. The adsorption results showed that U(Ⅵ) in solutions can be adsorbed by the three soil HAs, with the order of FHA (HA from 5 m depth of soil) ＞SHA (HA from the surface) ＞THA (HA from 10 m depth of soil) for adsorption efficiency in each desirable condition, and the adsorption reached equilibrium in about 240 min. Although the maximum adsorption efficiency was adsorption could be described with Langmiur isotherm or Freundlich isotherm equation. The L/S (liquid/solid, mL/g)ratio and pH were important factors influencing the adsorption in our adsorption system besides uranium concentration. The adsorption efficiency decreased with the increase of the L/S ratio and pH at the pH range of 2.0-3.0 for SHA and THA or 2.5 - 6.0 for FHA. However, no significant difference in adsorption of U(Ⅵ) was observed at the experimental temperature. All the results implied that humic substances have different characteristics in samples even collected at the same site.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Information for authors

<正>1.NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNIQUES(NST),a bimonthly journal,is devoted to all aspects of nuclear science and technology,theoretical or experimental.Its special interest lies in the subjects of synchrotron radiation science and technology;low energy accelerators,radiation technology and applications;radiochemistry,radiopharmaceuticals and nuclear medicine;nuclear electronics and instrumen-     

PLASMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUME 16(2014)

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Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.