高能同步辐射光源逐束团束流位置测量电子学研制

基于高能同步辐射光源（HEPS）储存环，研制了一套逐束团束流位置测量（BPM）电子学系统，电子学的硬件部分由模拟信号采集板卡和数字信号处理板卡组成，软件部分由底层固件和顶层应用软件组成。系统的采样频率为500 MHz，带宽为1 GHz，对来自储存环BPM探头的4路模拟信号进行数字化，得到束团幅度数据，利用ZYNQ芯片计算出每个束团在真空管道中的位置。逐束团BPM电子学在实验室的测试结果为：输入信号峰峰值小于1.8 V时ADC通道非线性度小于1%，无杂散动态范围约60 dB，灵敏度系数取8.26 mm时位置分辨率优于10 μm，测试结果满足HEPS逐束团BPM的需求。     

合肥光源单束团测量电路研制

为了在多束团模式下实现逐束团纵向参数的测量,研制了单束团选取电路,能够在多束团运行模式下,选出45个束团中的任意一个.文章介绍了该电路的工作原理和软硬件设计,并在合肥光源多束团运行模式下用该电路成功选取出了单个束团的信号.     

逐束团三维信息提取软件HOTCAP的实时性能优化

为了研究高能电子加速器储存环中的注入瞬态过程及束流不稳定性问题,上海光源束测组开发了可实现逐束团三维位置和电荷量的精确测量的宽带示波器信号处理软件包HOTCAP。但该软件包未特别针对数据处理速度进行算法和代码执行效率的优化,完成单次测量数据的处理分析所需时间达到数十分钟量级,不能完全满足实时测量的需要。为解决这一问题,对HOTCAP软件包各功能模块进行了运行效率测试及算法优化,优化后单次测量数据处理时间缩短10倍以上,可满足高能电子储存环状态的实时监控与数据在线发布需求。     

BEPCⅡ快亮度监测系统的信号处理

针对北京正负电子对撞机(BEPCⅡ)逐束团（bunch-by-bunch）亮度监测系统需求,设计了高速亮度信号的采集、存储和显示系统。实现了4ns束团间隔亮度信号的放大甄别、远距离传输、反符合判别,以及对应束团亮度信号的累加,利用乒乓存储技术解决了高数据产生率和CAMAC低数据读出率间的矛盾。测试结果表明,该设计能够满足BEPCⅡ4ns间隔的逐束团亮度监测系统的要求。     

CSNS RCS环BPM电子学实现

中国散裂中子源(CSNS)快循环同步环(RCS)上需要束流位置检测器(BPM)来检测束流位置偏移。论文介绍该系统中读出电路的设计和实现。设计BPM读出电路的最大挑战就是接收和处理大动态范围(5.8 mV~32 V)和变化宽度(80~500 ns)的探头引出信号。文中介绍的模拟电路,采用由模拟运放和模拟开关构成可变增益放大器的结构,能够接收和处理该探头引出信号。另外,对于一个BPM系统,精确的实时束流位置检测是必须的。本设计基于FPGA,开发了计算逐束团位置信息和束流闭轨模式位置信息的实时算法。此外,设计实现了工程所需的各种功能,包括30 s逐束团位置缓存、基于VME总线的数据读出和控制、FPGA程序的在线加载等。初步测试显示,在最小信号10 mV时,逐束团位置分辨是0.9 mm,束流闭轨模式位置分辨为50μm。     

逐束团位置对束流横向反馈的影响分析

为了提升上海光源储存环横向反馈系统的性能,进一步优化抑制束团串内部横向耦合不稳定性,需要更深入了解现有束流反馈系统模式下的工作状态。用逐束团位置在线采集的方法,在束流诊断实验中获取横向反馈系统不同反馈作用力条件下的逐束团位置信息。通过离线频谱分析,得到束团串横向不稳定振荡振幅随反馈作用力及束团分布的变化规律,表明了横向反馈作用力对束流的整体作用具有正相关性,但对不同束团及束团串的作用效果具有较大差异。为更深入的研究束流不稳定性及束流优化提供了数据支持。     

合肥光源单束团纵向分布的测量研究

在合肥光源单束团运行模式下使用条纹相机测量其纵向分布,研究和验证引起束团纵向分布产生变化的影响因素。对势阱效应引起束团纵向分布的影响进行了理论分析,给出了电感性阻抗和电阻性阻抗对束团分布影响的模拟计算结果。进行了束团长度拉伸效应、束团势阱扭曲现象等测量研究,并讨论了条纹相机观测束团势阱扭曲现象的测量模式。根据束团长度拉伸效应和势阱扭曲与模拟计算结果对比,得出合肥光源储存环的低频纵向宽带耦合阻抗约为4.4 Ω。     

SHINE束线站定时系统束团编号的数据采集

上海硬X射线自由电子激光装置（Shanghai High Repetition rate XFEL (X-ray Free Electron Laser) and Extreme light facility,SHINE）是一个高重频XFEL装置,束线站定时系统需要为设备提供基于硬件的精确的X射线束团编号和定时触发。对于SHINE束线站单脉冲工作模式的设备,采集数据包以及对应时刻的束团编号信息,便于后续实验数据分析。设计了一个束团编号采集的测试系统,它基于Zynq-UltraScale+型片上系统（System-On-Chip,SOC）搭建,采用了白兔协议（White Rabbit）协议的定时系统环境。该测试系统通过FPGA夹层卡（FPGA Mezzanine Card,FMC）获取嵌入型从节点的束团编号,使用LwIP(Light weight Internet Protocol)协议搭建的TCP协议栈实现束团编号的采集。采用Basler相机对该系统进行了实验测试,并使用pypylon库来采集相机的数据。实验测试结果表明：该束团采集测试系统获得的束团编号数量和图像帧数相同,可以满足SH...     

NSRL中的BPM前端电子学系统研究

介绍了国家同步辐射实验室二期工程中的束团位置监测的前端电子学系统原理、结构和实验结果。利用此系统可以把确定束团位置坐标的模拟信号引出。供数据采集分析。     

电子储存环注入过程中补注电荷的三维位置信息提取

电子储存环的注入过程是特殊的瞬态过程，研究补注电荷和储存电荷的三维位置融合过程可在线评估注入器与储存环的匹配度，也可为下一代光源诊断系统的搭建奠定技术基础。目前，上海同步辐射光源束流检测组研发了一套基于纽扣电极拾取信号和高速采集板卡的三维逐束团诊断系统，可精确测量逐束团三维位置。注入过程中补注电荷的三维位置信息可通过电荷加权平均法和比例系数法分别提取。通过对补注电荷横向betatron振荡和纵向同步振荡的分析，可原位提取betatron振荡振幅、同步振荡振幅、初始到达时间、同步振荡阻尼时间等多个动态参数，不需提供特别的机器研究时间，为储存环动力学研究提供了有力工具。     

Development of the bunch-by-bunch beam position acquisition system based on BEEcube

In this paper, we report the development of a bunch-by-bunch beam position acquisition system.Through a wideband synthesizer of PLL, the system realizes synchronous clock of bunch signal. Based on the highperformance FPGA hardware DAQ environment, fourchannel raw data of beam signal can be achieved. Test results in the SSRF storage ring show that the system can obtain beam position of single bunch with the resolution of10 lm and multi-bunch instability can be observed.     

Development of the bunch-by-bunch beam current acquisition system at SSRF

In this paper, we report the development of a bunch-by-bunch beam current acquisition system. Through a waveform-reconstruction algorithm, the system realizes high equivalent sampling rate with a relatively low inherent rate. Based on the EPICS environment, information communication with other systems can be achieved. Preliminary test results in commissioning the SSRF storage ring show that the system can reconstruct the beam waveform of single bunch, providing a convenient and reliable method for the top-up operation in the future.     

A real-time beam loss monitoring system for storage ring of SSRF

In this paper we report the real-time beam loss monitoring (BLM) system at the storage ring of SSRF.The BLM-XS detectors and Ethernet data acquisition system are used in this system.Some applications and experiments of the BLM system are also presented.The BLM system provides dynamic information of beam loss for the storage ring,and is helpful to ensure the facility commissioning,investigate the problems of machine,optimize the machine parameters and further increase the beam lifetime.     

Touschek lifetime study based on the precise bunch-by-bunch BCM system at SSRF

Continuous tracking of bunch charges is the key to maintain stable operations in a storage ring in top-up mode. Recently, a precise bunch-by-bunch beam-current measurement(BCM) system has been developed at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility. To avoid the influence of longitudinal oscillation on the amplitudes of the sampling points, a method called two-point equilibrium sampling is introduced. The results, obtained during routine operation time, show that the relative resolution of the measurement of the bunch charges is better than 0.02%.With this high resolution, the new BCM system is able to monitor the bunch-by-bunch beam lifetime. By using the filling pattern information, the Touschek lifetime and the vacuum lifetime can also be calculated. In this paper, the principle of the new method and the experiments is presented in detail.     

Bunch-by-bunch beam size measurement during injection at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility

Fast beam profile measurement is important in fast beam dynamic behavior investigations. A bunch-bybunch beam size measurement system, which is presently used to measure horizontal profile, has been developed at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF) and is capable of measuring bunches within a separation of 2 ns.The system is based on a direct-imaging optical system and high-speed photomultiplier array detector. A high-bandwidth linear signal amplifier and acquisition module have also been designed to process bunch-by-bunch multichannel signals from the detector. The software resampling technique and principal component analysis method were developed to obtain the synchronized data and enhance the signal-to-noise ratio. The fast injection of transients was successfully captured and analyzed. Moreover, the bunchby-bunch positions and sizes exhibited strong oscillation after the injection at the horizontal betatron oscillation frequency of the SSRF storage ring, and this demonstrated the bunch-by-bunch measurement capability of our system.     

示波器嵌入式IOC研制及应用

宽带束流信号的量化和处理是加速器柬流诊断中的常见问题,上海光源束测组针对此应用开发出了示波器嵌入式IOC作为专用的束流信号处理器.该解决方案在EPICS构架的控制系统中具有即插即用的特点,目前已在上海光源注入器束团流强测量系统以及储存环填充模式测量系统中投入实用.本文介绍了部分宽带束流的测试结果.     

基于软件无线电的新型数字束流位置处理器

研究了基于软件无线电架构的新型数字束流位置处理器,介绍了处理器样机的射频、模数转换和数字处理模块的硬件架构和主要参数。针对处理器多通道的不对称性,提出了校准方案。测试结果表明,处理器逐圈位置电子学分辨率在输入大于–30 dBm时,优于1.5μm;输入大于–27 dBm时,电子学分辨率达到亚微米量级。处理器在上海光源储存环流强为150 mA条件下测试,逐圈位置分辨率优于2μm,并能够准确获取包含束流实时信息的逐圈位置信号。     

HOTCAP:a new software package for high-speed oscilloscope-based three-dimensional bunch charge and position measurement

A software package to be used in high-speed oscilloscope-based three-dimensional bunch-by-bunch charge and position measurement is presented.The soft-ware package takes the pick-up electrode signal waveform recorded by the high-speed oscilloscope as input,and it calculates and outputs the bunch-by-bunch charge and position.In addition to enabling a three-dimensional observation of the motion of each passing bunch on all beam position monitor pick-up electrodes,it offers many additional features such as injection analysis,bunch response function reconstruction,and turn-by-turn beam analysis.The software package has an easy-to-understand graphical user interface and convenient interactive opera-tion,which has been verified on the Windows 10 system.     

Study of orbit stability in the SSRF storage ring

In this paper, analysis of the beam orbit stability and conceptual study of the dynamic orbit feedback in the SSRF storage ring are presented. It is shown that beam orbit position movement at the photon source points is smaller than the orbit stability requirements in horizontal plane, but exceeds the orbit stability requirements in vertical plane. A dynamic global orbit feedback system, which consists of 38 high-bandwidth air-coil correctors and 40 high-precise BPMs, is proposed to suppress the vertical beam orbit position movement. Numerical simulations show that this dynamic orbit feedback system can stabilize the vertical beam orbit position movement in the frequency range up to 100 Hz.     

Injection transient study using a two-frequency bunch length measurement system at the SSRF

The bunch length can be measured by comparison of two frequency components of a synchrotron beam signal.An online bunch length measurement system has been implemented based on this method.Working frequencies of 3 GHz and 500 MHz were selected,and the raw data was acquired by digital oscilloscope and was resampled and analyzed using the MATLAB software platform at bunch-by-bunch rate.The constructed system was employed to study the bunch length synchronous oscillation phenomenon during injection.The beam experiments demonstrated a time resolution of less than 0.5 ps.