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正【世界核新闻网站2019年7月19日报道】在完成了长达一年的公开评议之后,美国核管会(NRC) 2019年7月16日发布《加强反应堆监督过程的建议》报告,建议降低对本国90多台商业核电机组的检查频率并缩小检查范围,提高检查效率。报告在三个领域为检查过程提出建议:删除和修订评估领域的部分要求;对于许多基线检查程序,修订取样规模和资源估计值;修订应急准备区的确定过程。美国核能协会(NEI)表示,美国核工业保 相似文献
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对反应堆压力容器材料进行辐照监督是保障压力容器在设计寿期内安全运行的一项重要措施。辐照监督管装有压力容器筒体及焊缝材料试样,用于监测压力容器的辐照损伤程度,以指导反应堆压力容器的安全使用,是堆本体重要的核部件。由于运行中堆芯吊篮的紧固件部分脱落需要进行维修。辐照监督管支承、定位结构改造是美国西屋公司承担的秦山核电公司堆芯吊篮修复的组成部分, 相似文献
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由于长期在中子辐照场、温度场以及应力场的作用下,反应堆压力容器材料性能会出现蜕化的现象,主要表现为韧脆转变温度升高,屈服强度增加,以及断裂韧性降低等。为了监测压力容器材料的辐照效应,需要在反应堆内安装一定数量的监督管,定期抽出进行辐照监督试验。通过进行反应堆压力容器的辐照监督试验可以获得压力容器材料辐照脆化及辐照环境的相关数据,利用这些数据修订反应堆冷却剂压力-温度限值曲线,以防止压力容器发生脆断,从而保证反应堆的安全运行。 相似文献
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核电厂反应堆压力容器是堆内个可更换的重要部件,保证其安全可靠,对于核电厂口的安全运行具有重要意义。根据《秦山核电站反应堆压力容器材料辐照监督大纲》的要求,在反应堆压力容器中设置辐照监督管,监测反应堆压力容器环带区筒体及焊缝因中子辐照和热环境引起的材质性能变化。定期抽出辐照监督管,实测辐照监督试样延性断裂韧度JIC试验数据,作为判断压力容器材料辐照脆化程度的参考数据,并用于修定反应堆冷却剂压力-温度限值曲线,以防止压力容器发生脆断,从而保证反应堆安全运行。同时为压力容器以及核电厂的寿命评估和延寿积累数 相似文献
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【英国《国际核工程》网站2006年6月6日报道】由于预计美国核工业界可能会在近期提交新建核反应堆的申请,并随后开始新建反应堆,美国核管会(NRC)将对其核反应堆监管办公室进行调整,以便在2007年1月成立一个全面负责新反应堆的审批并对建设工作进行监督的机构——新反应堆办公室。而核反应堆办公室将全面负责与现役反应堆相关的审批和监督工作。新反应堆办公室将着重于在今年较早时候宣布的建造检查计划(CIP),该计划将对美国全国境内的新核反应堆建设活动进行监督。NRC主席Niles Diaz表示,CIP将确保NRC采用统一的方法对全国各地的新建… 相似文献
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Daniel Quniart 《Nuclear Engineering and Design》1993,144(2)
This document describes current thinking within the Institute for Protection and Nuclear Safety (IPSN) regarding developments desirable from the viewpoint of safety in a new generation of nuclear power plants, the construction of which could begin in France at the end of the nineties. Significant improvements must be sought, particularly as regards the containment, including the core meltdown case. The operating organization, Electricité de France (EDF), is now considering establishing the basis of a project of European dimension (European Pressurized water Reactor - EPR), in connection with German utilities and the Franco-German vendor Nuclear Power International (NPI); the first options important for safety are to be presented and discussed from September-1993. 相似文献
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为了满足《电离辐射防护与辐射源安全基本标准》(GB 18871—2002)的要求,对湖南某核技术利用项目进行了辐射防护屏蔽设计并在设计的基础上进行了辐射环境监测验证。监测结果表明,该项目辐射防护设计符合相关标准或规范要求。 相似文献
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《Packaging, Transport, Storage and Security of Radioactive Material》2013,24(3-4):365-371
Abstract‘The purpose of these regulations is to establish standards of safety which provide an acceptable level of control of the radiation hazards that are associated with the transport of radioactive material’. This quote from paragraph 101 of Safety Series No 6 highlights the need for adequate methods of measuring radiation and contamination in order to comply with the transport regulations. However Radiation Protection Instruments are unlike other measuring devices in that they are usually not very accurate and the quality of measurement is very much dependent on the skill of the operator. This paper reviews why Radiation Protection Instrumentation (RPI) is different from other measuring devices, discusses the problems that can arise in the use of RPI, and gives some guidance in the selection of suitable RPI for the measurement of radiation and contamination. 相似文献
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欧洲联盟委员会关于制定保护公众和工作人员健康免受电离辐射危险的基本标准的指令 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文简要介绍了国际原子能机构等国际组织于1994年联合颁布的“国际电离辐射防护和辐射源安全基本安全标准”的主要方面,介绍了欧洲联盟委员会1996年初通过的关于制定保护公众和工作人员健康免受电离辐射照射危险的基本标准的指令的主要内容。该指令包括57个条款,分属10个部分和3个附件,分别涉及:ICRP和ICRU的新建议及一些辐射防护术语定义的改进;指令的适用范围;申报和审批相关实践的体系;辐射防护体系的一般原则;有效剂量的估算;工作人员的运行防护;导致过高剂量天然辐射照射的职业性活动;正常情况下公众辐射防护的实施;干预;达到该指令要求的时间期限。该指令中采用的剂量限值为ICRP60号出版物中所建议的 相似文献
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Aging degradation in nuclear power plants must be controlled to prevent safety margins from declining below limits provided in plant design bases. The NPAR Program and other aging-related programs conducted under the auspices of the NRC Office of Research are developing needed technical guidance for control of aging. Results from these programs, together with relevant information developed by industry and elsewhere, are implemented through various ongoing NRC and industry programs and initiatives as well as by means of conventional regulatory instruments. The aging control process central to these efforts consists of three key elements: (1) selection of components, systems, and structures (CSS) in which aging must be controlled, (2) understanding of the mechanisms and rates of degradation in these CSS, and (3) managing degradation through effective surveillance and maintenance. These elements are addressed in Recommended Practices Guidance that integrates information developed under NPAR and other studies of aging into a systems-oriented format that tracks directly with the Safety Analysis Reports and with the NRC Standard Review Plan (NUREG-0800). 相似文献
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Jin Yan Author Vitae Pijush K. Dey Francis Bolger 《Nuclear Engineering and Design》2010,240(10):3046-3054
In Light Water Reactor design, it is required by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) that a conservative method must be used to estimate the loads on the Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) and components in the analysis of the loss of coolant accident (LOCA). As part of the safety design of the containment for light water reactors, jet forces resulting from the postulated rupture of high-pressure piping are accounted for in the design of internal structures. Traditionally, the jet force was estimated using ANS 58.2. However, it does not address the compressibility, reflection, and feedback amplification of the pressure forces as directed by NRC. In this paper, a numerical method is developed to estimate the annulus pressurization caused by the high-energy line break in the Economic Simplified Boiling Reactor (ESBWR). The pressure loading time history caused by the blast wave was predicted by the method. From the prediction, the maximum pressure loading was obtained. The method and the results have been submitted to the NRC as the supporting documents for the ESBWR certification. 相似文献