3×10~(12)s~(-1)强中子发生器后分析系统调试结果

一、引言兰州大学强中子发生器于1988年通过部级鉴定,氘离子束达30 mA,中子产额达3×10~(12)s~(-1)。然而,由于它是采用混合离子束,靶寿命只有十几个小时。在聚变堆第一壁材料研究中,要求的累计中子注量超过10~(17)cm~(-2)。因此,辐照时间需几百小时。因为氚靶价格昂贵,用混合离子束进行材料辐照损伤研究,其费用是很高的。     

陶瓷中子管

本文介绍了一种采用陶瓷绝缘外壳和自持靶的陶瓷中子管。D-T反应中子产额可大于10~9ns~(-1),D-D反应中子产额可大于10~7ns~(-1)。使用寿命已超过500h。     

易水湖水下天然中子测量

使用研制的以球形3 He正比计数器为中子灵敏元件的水下中子测量装置对易水湖水下1~25m范围内不同深度处的天然中子进行了测量,并结合相应的蒙特卡罗模拟,获得了易水湖水下不同深度处的低能天然中子产生速率和注量率随湖水深度的变化规律。结果表明:在易水湖水面下方1~10m范围内,低能天然中子产生速率c(cm~(-3)·s~(-1))随深度h(cm)呈指数规律下降,关系式为c=2.7×10~(-5)e~(-0.005 7h),10m以下的变化较为平缓。根据测量结果外推,在易水湖水面附近,水中低能天然中子的产生速率约为2.7×10~(-5) cm~(-3)·s~(-1)(或2.7×10~(-5) g~(-1)·s~(-1))。     

中子计数器探测效率的校准

设计制作了一个 BF3长硼中子计数器 ,采用伴随粒子法标定了其中子探测效率 ,约为 3.17×10 -4 ( 1± 18% )。利用这个中子探测器测量了中子管脉冲中子产额 ( 10 7/ pulse)     

CR-39塑料反冲径迹个人中子剂量计

本文叙述了一种用于测量中子剂量的“直接相互作用”型的CR-39塑料反冲径迹个人中子剂量计。该剂量计对~(241)Am-Be源的中子注量灵敏度约为(2.10±0.05)×10~(-4)径迹/n,可探测的中子注量下限约等于2.11×10~5n/cm~3,相应的中子剂量当量为7.81×10~(-5)Sv。总误差估计不超过±20％。     

用于中子测井的自成靶密封中子管性能评价

采用自成靶工艺,研制了SNT-DT/25型密封氘氚中子管,对其工作温度、使用寿命、功耗、中子产额及其稳定性等性能参数进行了测试。结果表明:中子管使用温度可达175℃,最高中子产额≥1×109 n/s,中子产额浮动≤10%;在靶极电压-80kV、阳极电流300μA、靶流80μA的工作条件下,中子产额可达1×108 n/s,中子管的性能指标完全满足中子测井使用要求。此外,本文还对中子产额随靶极电压、阳极电流的影响进行了分析。     

氢在中子辐照硅单晶中的特性

我们采用样品熔融-气体色谱分析方法测得氢气氛区熔的硅单硅中含氢量为1—1.5×10~(17)cm~3,将这种硅单晶放在反应堆内辐照到2×10~(17)n/cm~2的中子剂量,然后作等时和等温退火,测量电阻率、正电子湮没寿命谱。     

相对论重离子核反应产生的中子能量和通量的固体径迹测定

在苏联杜布纳联合核子研究所同步稳相加速器上用CR-39探测器测量了44GeV ~(12)C+Cu(厚靶)核反应产生的中子能量和通量。测量表明.这一核反应释放的中子的平均能量为15.8±2.8MeV,当入射重离子数目为6×10~(11)时,与~(12)C束成～70°方向,距靶～60cm处的中子积分通量为(4.5±0.3)×10~9cm~2。这一方法可用来测量相对论重离子核反应释放的中子的角分布和每个入射重离子或每次核反应可产生的中子平均数目。     

提高中子管产额的措施

针对国产密封中子管存在的提高产额问题,采取三项措施:排气过程的真空度提高到2×10-6 Pa;离子源引出端磁场强度提高到0.33T;通过实验寻找到靶上镀膜厚度的最佳值为2.2 μm.以φ50 mm中子管为例,实际测试结果表明,中子管产额达109/s量级,在5×107/s下运行,寿命达到4000h以上,稳定性≤2％.     

加速器周围散射中子的测定

散射中子比值可通过计算和实测得到。但因计算误差较大,所以用散射锥体挡住直射中子,再测量中子场周围的散射中子的方法是比较好的。 14MeV中子的减弱过程可表示为φ=φ_0exp(-ΣRd)。式中φ_0和φ分别为原有的和经减弱后的中子通量,cm~(-2)·s~(-1);ΣR为屏蔽物的总吸收截面,cm~(-1);d为屏蔽物     

Identification of radiation treatment of wheat （Triticum aestivum. L）and rice （Oryza sativa. L） samples using thermoluminescence of contaminating minerals

Food irradiation is gaining popularity worldwide and this technology is important to improve quality and reduce the post harvest losses of food. Because of the rapid commercialization of irradiated foods throughout the world, compliance of different regulations relating to use of technology in different countries and demand of consumers for clear labelling of irradiated foods, there is need for the development of analytical methods to detect radiation treatment of food. Among several methods studied so far, thermoluminescence （TL） is an important method that can be used to find out the irradiation history of food that contain even a very minute amount of dust particles. In this study, the irradiated and unirradiated wheat and rice samples were analyzed using the TL method. The samples were purchased from the local market of Peshawar and irradiated to radiation doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy using Co-60 gamma irradiator at the Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture （NIFA）, Peshawar. The mineral contaminants were isolated by jet water, ultrasonic treatment, and density gradient. TL glow curves of the isolated minerals from irradiated and unirradiated samples were recorded between the temperature ranges of 50-500℃ using a TL reader. Generally, the glow curves for irradiated samples showed much higher TL intensities （TL1） than the unirradiated samples. The results were normalized by rerradiation of mineral samples to gamma-ray dose of 1.0 kGy followed by determination of the second glow curves （TL2）. The ratio of the area of first glow curve to that of second glow curve （TL1/TL2） was calculated for selected temperature intervals and compared with the recommended values for unirradiated and irradiated samples. Finally, the shapes of the glow curves for irradiated and unirradiated samples were also analyzed. On the basis of these results （comparison of TL-intensities, TL1/TL2 ratios and shapes of the glow curves）, all the irradiated and unirradiated samples of wheat and rice were unequivocally identified.     

The preclinical pharmacological study of dopamine transporter imaging agent 18F-FP-β-CIT

The paper is to study pharmacologic characteristics of 18F-FP-β-CIT (18F-N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β- carbomethoxy-3β- (4-iodophenyl)nortropane) as an imaging agent for dopamine transporter. The radiochemical purity of 18F-FP-β-CIT in aqueous solution was over 95% after standing at room temperature for 4h. Biodistribution displayed rapid uptake in rat brain (1.375 %ID/organ at 5min and 0.100 %ID/organ at 180 min) and the striatal uptake was 1.444,0.731, 0.397, 0.230 and 0.146 %ID/g at 5, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min, respectively. The values of striatum/cerebellum,striatum/frontal cortex and striatum / hippocampus in rat's brain at 30 min were 3.38, 2.17 and 2.40 respectively. The uptake in striatum can be blocked by β-CFT, suggesting that 18F-FP-β-CIT binds to DAT peculiarly. The compound was rapidly cleared from monkey's blood. The striatal uptake was bilaterally decreased in the left-sided lesioned PD rats, compared with normal control. Brain PET imaging studies in normal monkey showed that 18F-FP-β-CIT was concentrated in striatum. The test of undue toxicity showed that the dose received by mice was 1250 times as by human, which indicates that 18F-FP-β-CIT is very safe. So 18F-FP-β-CIT is a promising PET imaging agent for DAT with safety and validity.     

Characteristics of pulsed photo-stimulated luminescence and thermoluminescence for the identification of gamma irradiated poultry eggs

Pulsed photo-stimulated luminescence (PPSL) is a simple screening method that can be employed qualitatively at the spot for the detection of eggs treated with ionizing radiation.Due to the variations in the results during storage,the eggs of ostrich,duck,hen,and quail were irradiated to doses of 0,1,2,and 3 kGy.Most of the samples were incorrectly identified during storage after four months of irradiation.Thermoluminescence (TL) technique was also tried by using egg shells in order to confirm the irradiation treatment in eggs.TL glow curves were recorded between the temperatures 50℃to 400℃at the rate of 5°/s for all the control and irradiated samples.On the basis of integrated areas of first glow curves (TL1),the glow curve ratios (TL1/TL2) and the shapes of maxima of TL1, the irradiation treatment of all the eggs was confirmed.Furthermore,the presence of calcite and aragonite minerals that cause the TL signal in the egg shells were studied using X-ray diffraction spectrometry.     

PLASMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUME 16(2014)

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Radioactivity levels in soil of salt field area,Kelambakkam,Tamilnadu,India

Soil samples in and around salt field area have been analyzed for natural radioactivity concentration using gamma ray spectrometer.The activity concentration for ~(232)Th,~(238)U and ~(40)K are ranged from 27.88 to 45.27 Bq/kg, from BDL to 13.30 Bq/kg,and from 135.54 to 381.28 Bq/kg,respectively.The measured activity concentrations for these radionuclides were compared with world average activity of soil.The average activity concentration of ~(232)Th in the present study is 1.19 times higher than world median value while the activity of ~(238)U and ~(40)K is found to be lower. The absorbed dose rates due to these radionuclides were calculated.The average absorbed gamma dose rate due to the presence of ~(232)Th,~(238)U and ~(40)K in soil samples is 36.99 nGy·h~(-1).These results indicate no radiological anomaly. The data presented in this study will serve as a base line survey for primordial radionuclides concentration in the study area.     

Non-FDG PET imaging of brain tumors

Due to relatively high uptake of glucose in the brain cortex, the use of FDG PET imaging is greatly limited in brain tumor imaging, especially for low-grade gliomas and some metastatic tumours. More and more tracers with higher specificity were developed lately for brain tumor imaging. There are 3 main types of non-FDG PET tracers： amino acid tracers, choline tracers and nucleic acid tracers. These tracers are now widely applied in many aspects of brain tumor imaging. This article summarized the general use of non-FDG PET in different aspects of brain tumor imaging.     

基于NPL-NMC系统的γ测量子系统的建模与优化

在军控核查中,核部件的质量、丰度、年龄属性需采用无损方法进行核查,NPL-NMC系统是一套利用中子多重性测量核部件质量属性的装置,为建立完善的属性测量系统,还需在NPL-NMC系统的基础上建立γ测量子系统。本文通过设计γ测量子系统在NPL-NMC系统上的布局及对中子屏蔽的优化,使系统能对铀部件的丰度、年龄属性进行测量。模拟计算结果表明,该γ测量子系统能很好地满足军控核查对铀部件丰度、年龄属性测量的要求。     

Improvement of carbon fiber surface properties using electron beam irradiation

Carbon fiber-reinforced advance composites have been used for structural applications,mainly on account of their mechanical properties.The main factor for a good mechanical performance of carbon fiber-reinforced com- posite is the interfacial interaction between its components,which are carbon fiber and polymeric matrix.The aim of this study is to improve the surface properties of the carbon fiber using ionizing radiation from an electron beam to obtain better adhesion properties in the resultant composite.EB radiation was applied on the carbon fiber itself before preparing test specimens for the mechanical tests.Experimental results showed that EB irradiation improved the ten- sile strength of carbon fiber samples.The maximum value in tensile strength was reached using doses of about 250 kGy.After breakage,the morphology aspect of the tensile specimens prepared with irradiated and non-irradiated car- bon fibers were evaluated.SEM micrographs showed modifications on the carbon fiber surface.     

数字射线扫描成像系统MTF的测试分析

为有效实现数字射线扫描成像检测系统性能的定量分析评价,据此进行检测工艺参数的优化,对数字射线扫描成像检测系统调制传递函数(Modulation transfer function,MTF)进行了测试分析。采用刀口工具、双线型像质计、分辨率测试卡,对系统在不同焦点大小、放大倍数、运动方向的检测情况,分别进行了MTF的测试并进行了比较。结果表明,双线型像质计与分辨率测试卡的测试结果基本一致,但双线型像质计更便于对比度的定量计算;双线型像质计的对比度传递函数近似符合二次曲线,经转换得到的调制传递函数值高于刀口法的测试值,刀口法计算数值偏低的原因在于运动不平稳所带来的不利影响。分析表明,数字射线扫描成像系统性能受到多个因素的共同影响,MTF测试结果可较全面地对影响因素进行定量评价,可用于确定最佳的检测参数或找出等价的参数组合。     

基于物理体模CT图像的1岁儿童体素体模构建

本文介绍了基于1岁儿童物理体模（Model 704-D）的CT图像和中国成年男性参考人体素体模(CRAM)的1岁儿童体素体模（CPP01）的构建,包括通过对物理体模扫描得到OCP01体模（基于儿童物理体模的CT图像建立的一粗略的体素体模）,进而构建和优化CPP01。该体素体模的各器官组织的质量与GBZ/T 200.2-2007所给数据的相对偏差约在5%以内,且其外部轮廓和主要器官的位置与Model 704-D相匹配。