共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 218 毫秒
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根据我国放射性废物处理处置与管理工作的需求,结合我国当前放射性废物管理的实际情况,研究设计了我国放射性核废物信息管理数据结构,建立了基于计算机网络的桶装放射性废物信息自动跟踪管理系统。该系统可为主管部门和核设施提供有效的实时管理。与此同时,完成了桶装放射性废物非破坏γ分类快速检测装置研制。 相似文献
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对秦山核电基地低、中水平放射性固体废物减容处理的考虑 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
废物最少化是放射性废物管理的原则之一.针对秦山核电基地废物处理现状,分析了国家法规、标准对低、中水平放射性固体废物的管理要求和核电厂面临的相关问题,提出了对秦山核电基地低、中水平放射性固体废物进行焚烧和超级压缩处理的考虑. 相似文献
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描述广东大亚湾核电站旧导向筒处置方案的可行性研究,内容包括:处置方案的比较与选择,混凝土包装箱的结构设计和屏蔽设计,旧导向筒装箱操作的的工艺设计,包装箱吊装及运输方案的选择,整个处理过程中涉及到的辐射安全和工业安全的分析评价,以及整个工程的经费概算,结果表明,该旧导向筒处置方案技术上可行,经济上合理,采用此方案,对广东大亚湾核电站是导向筒进行最终处置,既可工省大量经费,也可为我国对核电站产生的不可 相似文献
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目前我国在运核电厂和其他所有堆型(CPR1000、EPR和AP1000)的在建核电厂均缺少一套统一的放射性固体废物管理系统,缺乏对放射性固体废物从产生到最终处置的全周期跟踪管理。根据核电厂的放射性废物管理需求,研制了一套适合于各核电机型的核电厂放射性固体废物管理系统,对废物源项、处理、暂存、运输、处置全过程进行跟踪,使放射性废物管理安全、可控;研发了废物管理跟踪单和数据库,分析了废物管理工艺流程的逻辑关系,根据废树脂、浓缩液、废滤芯、检修废物等处理工艺分别设计了核素计算模型,可推算指定时刻的放射性水平,实现放射性废物数据的深度分析、应用以及对放射性废物安全管理的全过程追踪。研究成果已经在国内部分核电厂使用,有助于提高核电厂的放射性废物管理水平,具有较大的安全和社会意义。同时,该系统记录的数据有助于核电厂实现辐射防护优化设计和放射性废物最小化管理。 相似文献
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The following technological operations are suggested for reprocessing bottom residues from nuclear power plants: separation of radionuclides using oxidation, filtration, and selective absorption, solidification and long-term storage of secondary radioactive wastes (cement compound from filtration stage and spent sorbent in filters); concentration and obtaining dry salts from bottom residues from which radionuclides have been removed. Laboratory and stand tests have been performed, showing that radionuclides can be removed from the bottom residues of nuclear power plants to a level below the ASAsat according to NRB-96. This treatment decreases the volume of radioactive wastes by approximately a factor of 100. The dried purified bottom residues, which are commercial danger class III wastes, are shipped to storage sites used for industrial wastes. Calculations of the material flows are performed and the site arrangement of the wastes is given for the bottom residues from the Kursk nuclear power plant. 1 figure, 2 tables, 12 references. 相似文献
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Wataru Sugiyama Tomoo Yamamura Ki Chul Park Hiroshi Tomiyasu Yoshinobu Shiokawa Hidetsugu Okada Yuji Sugita 《Progress in Nuclear Energy》2005,47(1-4):448-453
Disposition of low-level radioactive wastes has been performed in supercritical water with RuO2 as a catalyst without the addition of any oxidizing materials. These wastes arose from nuclear power plants etc., constituting of nonflammable organic materials, such as fire resistant sheeting and rubber gloves. We investigated the distribution behavior of iron and cobalt attached to nonflammable organic materials, in solid, liquid and gas phases during the decomposition of this method. The distributions of these elements under various conditions (initial amounts) were determined by using their radioisotopes as simulated low-level radioactive wastes in order to ease the detection of trace amounts of elements even in solid and gas phases. Iron and cobalt were found only in the solid phase when non-radioactive iron hydroxide was added as a precipitation reagent before the supercritical-water reaction. 相似文献
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秦山第二核电厂放射性废物管理进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对秦山第二核电厂商业运行后三废系统的运行、废物流排放管理以及低、中放固体废物的管理情况进行比较,并与国内其它同类电厂的运行情况作了比较,介绍了秦山第二核电厂在三废管理方面已取得的进展,分析了目前存在的问题,提出了为实现秦山第二核电厂低、中放固体废物的最少化而采取的有效措施. 相似文献
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对轻微污染的废树脂采取解控处理是核电站废物最小化工作的重要内容。在介绍近几年开展的核电站废树脂解控监测工作的基础上,对核电站目前的废树脂废物管理中存在的问题进行了总结,提出了有利于实施废树脂废物最小化的技术途径。解控后的废树脂可能采取的处置出路包括危险固体废物填埋处置和水泥窑协同处置,暂时尚不具备进行高温焚烧处置的条件。为了提高核电站这类废物最小化的实施效率,建议对不同类型放射性核素在废树脂中含量的相关性问题,对放射性核素在离子交换柱树脂中的空间分布问题,对废树脂分拣的在线监测技术以及其它类型固体废物的分拣监测问题等进行深入研究,以期在保证取样代表性的同时,减少取样量和测量工作量,提高工作效率,降低废物最小化的经济成本。 相似文献
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《Packaging, Transport, Storage and Security of Radioactive Material》2013,24(3-4):229-232
AbstractSince 1982 the CDTN, the Nuclear Technology Development Centre, has been designing, testing and qualifying packaging for radioactive materials. These packagings are used for the transport of radioisotopes and disposal of spent sealed sources, wastes generated in the nuclear fuel cycle and the wastes produced in the radiological accident that occurred in the city of Goiânia. For radioactive tracers and medical/industrial radioisotopes, the packagings used are cardboard and wood boxes, while the spent sealed sources are preferably conditioned in metal drums containing lead shielding and a gas absorber material. To condition and transport the wastes from the various nuclear cycle activities, metal drums and boxes are used in Brazil. For the higher active wastes from the nuclear power plant Angra I, a metallic drum in a concrete overpack is used. The wastes generated in the accident were first conditioned in the readily available packaging. Later on, more appropriate packaging was designed by the CDTN staff. CDTN has carried out a programme since 1983 to evaluate the durability of commercial drums used for waste conditioning. 相似文献
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Both solid and liquid wastes are generated in a nuclear power plant. Liquid wastes are better treated on site owing to the large quantities generated. For solid wastes off-site treatment in central facilities makes better sense. The largest volume reduction factors are obtained for solid, combustible wastes through incineration and subsequent supercompaction. Contaminated metal components, such as used heat exchangers, vessels, tanks, valves, etc. are recycled; that is, they are remelted and then manufactured into new components for use in nuclear facilities. Evaporation of liquid radwaste provides initial volume reduction, which is followed by drying to reduce the waste to a dry, solid product. 相似文献