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1992年2月26日,扬基核电公司(YAEC)宣布永久关闭扬基核电站(YNPS)。早在1995年,扬基公司就着手于拆除、运输以及处置反应堆压力容器的计划,并将其作为反应堆退役的一部分。本文是至今的进展和今后退役活动的报告。反应堆压力容器的拆除程序将与安装的相反。从上部的中子屏蔽箱开始向下拆除,直到反应堆支撑环,以便露出反应堆冷却剂管道以及反应堆压力容器与冷却回路系统的隔热层。拆除含有石棉的隔热层,同时还拆除位于反应堆压力容器管嘴和反应堆支撑内壁之间的回路系统。从反应堆屏蔽箱底部提升压力容器,放置到已定位在蒸汽容器设备开口以下的一个罐内;一旦进入该罐,就向压力容器内部以及压力容器与罐之间注入混凝土,以固定松散污染,同时提供辅助屏蔽。浇灌混凝土后,该罐被放倒成水平状态以待运输处置,压力容器封装件通过陆上运输到最近的铁路干线,再用火车送至处置场。最初计划在1996年春天进行压力容器提升、运输,后来推迟到美国核管会(NRC)再次审批YNPS退役计划。 相似文献
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大亚湾核电站分别在2003年3月和2004年11月实施了反应堆压力容器顶盖更换.本文介绍了大亚湾核电站反应堆旧顶盖处置的方案、旧顶盖包装体的设计原则、结构设计、旧顶盖的清洁、涂漆和包装以及现场实施过程.其结果表明,反应堆旧顶盖处置的方案可行,其反应堆旧顶盖包装体的设计和现场实施达到了满意的效果.其经验对我国大型放射性固体废物的处置具有参考价值 相似文献
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【英国核能学会《核能》1999年10月号报道】英国伦敦现在仅有的一个反应堆将在1999年末完全退役,反应堆场地也随之被无限制的使用。这座10千瓦(热)贾森反应堆位于伦敦近郊格林尼治皇家海军学院,1962年建成,旨在培训核潜艇舰队的船员。根据政府对该学院作出的关于转为民用的决定,终止了它的历史使命。将这座反应堆迁至异地被视为是一种不经济的方案,而将其退役才是唯一切实可行的出路。同时还解决了一种不正常的情况,即在伦敦曾经宣告自己为无核区自治城市中,却还有一座反应堆。退役在技术上没有什么困难。虽然反应堆的额定功率为10千瓦,教学… 相似文献
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本文简要介绍了反应堆工程退役的基本概念,石墨不冷堆的四大特点,石墨水冷堆退役必须遵循的基本原则,石墨水冷堆退役方案的编制和退役程序等。 相似文献
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Nassim Sahboun Kazuhiro Sawa Yasunori Yamamoto Yuta Watanabe Tomomasa Ito 《Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology》2020,57(9):1111-1120
ABSTRACT In the event of a severe accident, past experiences such as Three Mile Island and Fukushima Daichi have shown that the reactor core of a light-water nuclear reactor, if not properly safeguarded, could go through a meltdown. This will be followed by the formation of a corium, a mix of molten fuel elements, and liquid metals from the Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV). In the worst-case scenario, a melt through from the RPV can occur and lead to the spreading of the corium, in the form of a molten element’s jet impinging on a flat concrete structure of the Primary Containment Vessel (PCV). To enhance the decommissioning and the safety procedure, scope of the present article is to deepen the understanding of the phenomena involved in the mentioned scenario, mainly jet-instability and molten material spreading. In the present study, experiments were carried out, by using corium simulant materials such as Copper and Tin, to investigate the link between the instability of the gravity-driven molten metal jet and the impinging followed by its spreading over a flat area. 相似文献
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Changheui Jang Suk-Chull Kang Ho-Rim Moonn Ill-Seok Jeong Tae-Ryong Kim 《Nuclear Engineering and Design》2003,226(2):127-140
Fracture mechanics analysis is the key element of the integrity evaluation of the nuclear reactor pressure vessel (RPV), such as the pressurized thermal shock (PTS) analysis and P–T limit curve construction. However, the existence of stainless steel cladding, with different thermal, physical, and mechanical property at the inner surface of reactor pressure vessel complicates the fracture mechanics analysis. In this paper, the simple analytical treatment schemes to calculate the stress and resulting stress intensity factor at the tip of the flaws in the RPV with stainless steel cladding are introduced. For a reference thermal–hydraulic boundary condition, the effects of cladding thermal conductivity and thermal expansion coefficients on the stress intensity factor of surface flaws were examined. Also, the effects of cladding plasticity and thickness were quantitatively examined. The analysis results showed that the existence of the stainless cladding had significant impacts on the RPV failure probabilities. 相似文献
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清洁解控和退役若干动向与新发展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对国际辐射防护协会第 1 0届大会 ( IRPA-1 0 )涉及的清洁解控和退役问题作了论述 ,包括排除、豁免、清洁解控和废物最少化 ;退役工程技术的发展 ,包括去污技术、切割解体技术、探测技术 ;介绍了一个研究堆退役例子和加速器退役 ;最后 ,还论及了退役中受关注的一些问题 ,如 :石墨废物、混凝土废物、重水堆退役的氚防护、退役时间和退役废物量等。 相似文献
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简要叙述了中国核动力研究院进行的核岛专用检修设备的研制工作,描述了反应堆压力容器(RPV)螺栓孔与螺栓连接件的检修工艺流程,围绕该工艺流程,从功能,结构,特点等方面介绍了为大亚湾核电站研制的RPV法兰模拟体,螺栓孔螺纹闭路电视(CCTV)自动检查仪,螺栓孔螺纹膨胀梳刀,螺栓孔螺栓面抛光机,螺栓孔螺纹面上油机,螺栓孔螺纹铣削机,螺栓孔螺纹观察镜及螺栓螺母清洗机,并对专用检修设备的实际使用情况作了介绍 相似文献
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A calculational procedure for the evaluation of the transition temperature shift on the basis of neutron fluence has been applied for assessing the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) embrittlement and life time for a VVER-440/230. The calculated results are lower than the passport values, because the real fuel regimes, the low-leakage schemes and loadings with dummy cassettes have been taken into consideration in neutron fluence calculation. The temperature of the outer wall of the RPV has been measured. No significant deviation between the measurement and the data given in the reactor passport has been observed. This shows the correct application of the calculational procedure. 相似文献
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Thomas S. La Guardia 《Nuclear Engineering and Design》1985,89(1):33-46
This paper describes a study sponsored by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission to identify practical techniques to facilitate the decommissioning of nuclear power generating facilities. The objectives of these “facilitation techniques” are to reduce public/occupational exposure and/or reduce volumes of radioactive waste generated during the decommissioning process.The paper presents the possible facilitation techniques identified during the study and discusses the corresponding facilitation of the decommissioning process. Techniques are categorized by their applicability of being implemented during the three stages of power reactor life: design/construction, operation, or decommissioning. Detailed cost-benefit analyses were performed for each technique to determine the anticipated exposure and/or radioactive waste reduction; the estimated cost for implementing each technique was then calculated. Finally, these techniques were ranked by their effectiveness to facilitate the decommissioning process.This study is a portion of the NRC's evaluation of decommissioning policy and supports the modification of regulations pertaining to the decommissioning process. The findings can be used by the utilities in the planning and establishment of the activities to ensure all objectives of decommissioning will be achieved. 相似文献