Calutron源引出电极

一、前言在所有产生带电粒子束的系统中,为了得到聚焦良好的带电粒子束,引出电极的几何形状、几何参数等几何条件,对于带电粒子束的品质是很重要的。在利用电磁法达到同位素分离目的的同位素电磁分离器     

负径向电场对带电粒子俘获率影响的数值模拟

本文采用数值方法求解Grad-Shafranov方程反演EAST典型长脉冲放电实验(炮号33068)的平衡位形和磁场分布,进而结合粒子在托卡马克电磁场中的运动方程,模拟氘离子在负径向电场存在时的运动轨迹,并统计不同负径向电场下的氘离子俘获率。结果表明:随负径向电场的增大,氘离子轨迹由扩张通行轨迹向外翻香蕉轨迹再向内翻香蕉轨迹,最后向压缩通行轨迹演变;氘离子俘获率随负径向电场的增大而减小,氘离子初始速度越小,其变化越大。     

负径向电场对带电粒子俘获率影响的数值模拟

本文采用数值方法求解Grad-Shafranov方程反演EAST典型长脉冲放电实验(炮号33068)的平衡位形和磁场分布，进而结合粒子在托卡马克电磁场中的运动方程，模拟氘离子在负径向电场存在时的运动轨迹，并统计不同负径向电场下的氘离子俘获率。结果表明：随负径向电场的增大，氘离子轨迹由扩张通行轨迹向外翻香蕉轨迹再向内翻香蕉轨迹，最后向压缩通行轨迹演变；氘离子俘获率随负径向电场的增大而减小，氘离子初始速度越小，其变化越大。     

带电粒子轨迹的随机跟踪与图形分析

为了真实地描述带电粒子束的光学特性,文章对粒子轨迹跟踪中粒子初始条件的随机抽样进行了探讨。粒子的发射面包括平面、圆柱面和球面;分布函数既可由解析形式表示,又可由数值形式给出。其次,为了有效地利用轨迹跟踪结果对带电粒子束特性进行系统的分析,文章还探讨了粒子轨迹的图形处理和分析,内容包括轨迹的样条拟合、轨迹和束包络图形的绘制、象的尺寸及其位置的确定,以及任意横截面上粒子分布图形的绘制。     

论均匀电场式加速管的聚焦性能

本文在分析离子轨迹的基础上,详细讨论了均匀电场式加速管的聚焦性能——它的聚焦能力相当弱,主要靠人口处孔径透镜的作用。本文并在评论现有的电子静电加速器聚焦系统的缺点后,提出了一个改良聚焦的新方案。     

用注入脉冲中性束测量托卡马克中的径向电场

本文分析了用脉冲中性束垂直注入等离子体来探测托卡马克的径向电场分布的方法。该方法是基于对如此形成的离子群体的环向进动速度的测量。磁力线的曲率和电场引起环向漂移。为了把这两种效应分离开来，研究了具有两种能量份额的束的使用。考虑了在实际托卡马克中这种诊断方案的应用。     

用于离子能谱测量的Thomson谱仪设计与数据处理技术

在设计可用于测量质子、n粒子以及其他重带电离子能谱的Thomson谱仪的过程中,研究了带电离子在谱仪电场和磁场作用下的运动轨迹,开发了相应的计算机辅助设计软件。CR39固体径迹探测器作为离子记录介质,离子径迹在记录面呈现抛物线带状分布,研究了由抛物线带状分布回推离子能谱的数据处理方法。     

强流带电粒子束的传输矩阵理论

近年来,强流带电粒子束在国民经济许多部门获得了广泛的应用。为了设计强流粒子加速器及其它强流带电粒子束装置,必须进行强流带电粒子光学的计算。从物理学的角度看来,强流带电粒子束运动的问题在电动力学中己经解决,通过解粒子运动方程和电位的Poisson方程即可求出带电粒子束中各粒子的运动状况。但是这一方法过分繁杂,而且我们关心的并不     

粒子束中性化方案研究

强流带电粒子束的中性化效率是关系到中性粒子束武器能否可行的一个关键,本年度重点研究了H-粒子束的中性化方案。 H-粒子束的中性化方案主要有薄膜中性化方案与气室中性化方案2种。薄膜中性化方案具有结构简单、不破坏加速器束流线上的真空度、能有效降低中性粒子束武器的尺寸     

束流输运模拟机

本文介绍了北京大学研制的一台专用电子模拟计算机,主要用来设计和调试带电粒子束的输运系统。该机可以模拟带电粒子在四极透镜、偏转磁铁、高频加速腔、漂浮空间、以及某些静电透镜和等梯度加速管等传输元件中的运动。实践证明这种模拟机具有快速直观,人机联系好等优点,所以可在有关专业的科研设计和教学中广泛采用。     

Identification of radiation treatment of wheat （Triticum aestivum. L）and rice （Oryza sativa. L） samples using thermoluminescence of contaminating minerals

Food irradiation is gaining popularity worldwide and this technology is important to improve quality and reduce the post harvest losses of food. Because of the rapid commercialization of irradiated foods throughout the world, compliance of different regulations relating to use of technology in different countries and demand of consumers for clear labelling of irradiated foods, there is need for the development of analytical methods to detect radiation treatment of food. Among several methods studied so far, thermoluminescence （TL） is an important method that can be used to find out the irradiation history of food that contain even a very minute amount of dust particles. In this study, the irradiated and unirradiated wheat and rice samples were analyzed using the TL method. The samples were purchased from the local market of Peshawar and irradiated to radiation doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy using Co-60 gamma irradiator at the Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture （NIFA）, Peshawar. The mineral contaminants were isolated by jet water, ultrasonic treatment, and density gradient. TL glow curves of the isolated minerals from irradiated and unirradiated samples were recorded between the temperature ranges of 50-500℃ using a TL reader. Generally, the glow curves for irradiated samples showed much higher TL intensities （TL1） than the unirradiated samples. The results were normalized by rerradiation of mineral samples to gamma-ray dose of 1.0 kGy followed by determination of the second glow curves （TL2）. The ratio of the area of first glow curve to that of second glow curve （TL1/TL2） was calculated for selected temperature intervals and compared with the recommended values for unirradiated and irradiated samples. Finally, the shapes of the glow curves for irradiated and unirradiated samples were also analyzed. On the basis of these results （comparison of TL-intensities, TL1/TL2 ratios and shapes of the glow curves）, all the irradiated and unirradiated samples of wheat and rice were unequivocally identified.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

Interaction between uranium and humic acid (Ⅰ): Adsorption behaviors of U(Ⅵ) in soil humic acids

The adsorption behaviors of uranium on three soil humic acids (HAs), which were extracted from soils of different depths at the same site, were investigated under various experimental conditions. The adsorption results showed that U(Ⅵ) in solutions can be adsorbed by the three soil HAs, with the order of FHA (HA from 5 m depth of soil) ＞SHA (HA from the surface) ＞THA (HA from 10 m depth of soil) for adsorption efficiency in each desirable condition, and the adsorption reached equilibrium in about 240 min. Although the maximum adsorption efficiency was adsorption could be described with Langmiur isotherm or Freundlich isotherm equation. The L/S (liquid/solid, mL/g)ratio and pH were important factors influencing the adsorption in our adsorption system besides uranium concentration. The adsorption efficiency decreased with the increase of the L/S ratio and pH at the pH range of 2.0-3.0 for SHA and THA or 2.5 - 6.0 for FHA. However, no significant difference in adsorption of U(Ⅵ) was observed at the experimental temperature. All the results implied that humic substances have different characteristics in samples even collected at the same site.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Information for authors

<正>1.NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNIQUES(NST),a bimonthly journal,is devoted to all aspects of nuclear science and technology,theoretical or experimental.Its special interest lies in the subjects of synchrotron radiation science and technology;low energy accelerators,radiation technology and applications;radiochemistry,radiopharmaceuticals and nuclear medicine;nuclear electronics and instrumen-     

PLASMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUME 16(2014)

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Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.