特细砂水工混凝土性能研究及其配合比优化

通过对“低砂率、低坍落度、低水泥用量和超掺粉煤灰”特细砂水工大体积混凝土有关性能的试验研究和施工实践 ,发现“三低一超”法可以明显改善特细砂水工混凝土的物理力学性能、体积稳定性和经济性 ,能明显改善混凝土水化热和减小特细砂混凝土早期的塑性收缩和中长期收缩     

特细砂水工混凝土配合比设计的"三低一超"法

作者通过对“低砂率、低坍落度、低水泥用量和超掺粉煤灰”特细砂水工大体积混凝土有关性能的试验研究和施工实践，发现“三低一超”法可以明显改善特细砂水工混凝土的物理力学性能、体积稳定性和经济性，能明显降低混凝土水化热和减小特细砂混凝土早期的塑性收缩和中长期干缩。     

水工特细砂泵送混凝土力学特性试验研究

近年来,在一些中、粗砂资源逐渐匮乏的地区,使用特细砂拌制水工混凝土成为节约资源、降低成本的重要途径.鉴于国内目前对特细砂泵送混凝土力学性能缺乏研究,为了推广应用特细砂泵送混凝土,通过确定了以特细砂泵送混凝土力学特性为研究对象,从特细砂泵送混凝土各材料用量角度研究配制参数对混凝土抗压强度的影响,从中找出各个材料用量对抗压强度的影响规律,为特细砂泵送混凝土配合比设计提供了数据支持.并在试验的基础上将其应用于工程中.     

超细矿渣粉在特细砂水工混凝土中的应用研究

采用超细矿渣粉和高性能泵送剂复合配制特细砂水工混凝土,试验结果表明:配制出的特细砂混凝土能满足一般水利工程的质量要求,证明"双掺技术"是可行的。配制特细砂水工混凝土,水泥用量略多于粗、中砂配制的混凝土,但节省了从外地运进大量粗、中砂所耗费的人力、物力;超细矿渣粉的掺加,一方面提高了混凝土的各项性能,另一方面减少了环境污染,维护混凝土材料的可持续发展,具有很好的经济效益和环保效益。     

特细砂混凝土的性能研究

本文通过引黄入卫工程特细砂混凝土的强度，抗渗，抗冻，抗压弹性模量，极限拉伸等的试验成果，探讨水灰比，级配对其性能的影响。并结合国内几个工程用灰强比指标分析特细砂混凝土的水泥用量与强度之间的关系，为特细砂在水工混凝土中的应用提供了依据。     

浅析水工混凝土配合比试验

本文结合某实例，利用特细砂进行水工混凝土配合比试验设计，并对混凝土强度、抗渗、抗冻性能进行了测试。     

特细砂混凝土在中小水电工程中的应用

一、概述四川省境内的嘉陵江、沱江、涪江流域的天然河砂均为特细砂,细度模数在0.80～1.50之间.特细砂混凝土用于工民建行业已有了丰富的经验,而用于大中型水工建筑还为数不多.国内水工混凝土多使用中砂,对缺少中砂的工程,通常采用粗细砂混合使用等措施.我局在四川省境内先后建成的射洪螺丝池电航工程、资中五里店水电站工程和沪县流滩坝电航工程,均使用当地天然特细砂拌制混凝土,并积累了一定的经验,取得较好的技术经济效益.以上三个中小水电工程的应用实践表明,在一定条件下特细砂可以配制出水化热低、抗裂性好、质量优良的混凝土.     

辽河特细砂分形特征及特细砂混凝土性能研究

针对辽河中下游特细砂产量大、亟待开发利用的现状,展开辽河特细砂及特细砂混凝土相关研究;首先通过加密筛分试验确定该地区特细砂分布情况,并结合分形理论探讨其颗粒级配的分形特征,进而进行特细砂混凝土的试验研究,确定不同特细砂混凝土间和易性与强度的差异,并同普通中砂混凝土相应性能进行比较分析;最终,确定该地区特细砂粒度分布情况、测定了砂样的分维值并探讨了其对特细砂的表征意义,同时,获得特细砂混凝土强度随水灰比提高而下降、砂率在27％左右的特细砂混凝土强度会出现峰值、流动性低于同条件中砂混凝土等的性能规律,以期为当地工程应用提供有价值的参考,开启特细砂资源利用的崭新篇章.     

特细砂混凝土分层的原因分析与防止措施

特细砂混凝土在我国一些地区的建筑工程中普遍使用，但是，在特细砂混凝土施工时，极易出现分层现象。本文作者从特细砂混凝土的组成材料、施工技术和施工工艺等方面，分析研究了特细砂混凝土产生分层现象的主要原因，从而提出了防止特细砂混凝土分层的几项措施。     

特细砂泵送混凝土收缩裂缝抑制措施分析

本文结合特细砂泵送混凝土的特点,对比分析了特细砂泵送混凝土的收缩类型,并在此基础上,提出了特细砂泵送混凝土收缩裂缝的抑制措施和处理方法。     

污水处理厂平流沉砂池的改造

针对天津某污水处理厂平流沉砂池除砂系统存在的问题，对现有除砂及清砂系统提出可行性改造方案，通过改造使除砂效果得以改善，工人的劳动强度大大降低。     

Shear-flexural strength mechanical model for the design and assessment of reinforced concrete beams subjected to point or distributed loads

A mechanical model recently developed for the shear strength of slender reinforced concrete beams with and without shear reinforcement is presented and extended to elements with uniformly distributed loads, specially focusing on practical design and assessment in this paper. The shear strength is considered to be the sum of the shear transferred by the concrete compression chord, along the crack, due to residual tensile and frictional stresses, by the stirrups and, if they exist, by the longitudinal reinforcement. Based on the principles of structural mechanics simple expressions have been derived separately for each shear transfer action and for their interaction at ultimate limit state. The predictions of the model have been compared to those obtained by using the EC2, MC2010 and ACI 318-08 provisions and they fit very well the available experimental results from the recently published ACI-DAfStb databases of shear tests on slender reinforced concrete beams with and without stirrups. Finally, a detailed application example has been presented, obtaining each contributing component to the shear strength and the assumed shape and position of the critical crack.     

High strength circular concrete-filled steel tubular slender beam-columns, Part II: Fundamental behavior

There is relatively little experimental and numerical research on the fundamental behavior of high strength circular concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) slender beam-columns. In a companion paper, a new numerical model for predicting the nonlinear inelastic behavior of high strength circular CFST slender beam-columns under axial load and bending was presented. The numerical model developed accounts for confinement effects on the strength and ductility of the concrete core and on circular steel tubes as well as initial geometric imperfections of beam-columns. This paper presents the verification of the numerical model and extensive parametric studies on the fundamental behavior of high strength circular CFST slender beam-columns. The ultimate strengths and axial load-deflection responses of circular CFST slender beam-columns under eccentric loading predicted by the numerical model are verified by corresponding experimental results. The computer program implementing the numerical model is used to investigate the fundamental behavior of high strength circular CFST slender beam-columns in terms of load-deflection responses, ultimate strengths, axial load-moment interaction diagrams, and strength increase due to concrete confinement. Parameters examined include column slenderness ratio, eccentricity ratio, concrete compressive strengths, steel yield strengths, steel ratio and concrete confinement. It is demonstrated that the numerical model developed is an efficient computer simulation and design tool for high strength circular CFST slender beam-columns. Benchmark numerical results presented in this paper are valuable in the development of composite design codes for high strength circular CFST slender beam-columns.     

Strength of slender concrete filled high strength steel box columns

The use of thin walled steel sections coupled with concrete infill has been used on various building projects with great advantage. The currently available international standards for composite structures are limited to the design of concrete filled steel columns with compact sections. However, there is limited research work in the literature available which is concerned with slender concrete filled thin-walled steel columns. This paper presents a comprehensive experimental study of thin walled steel sections utilising high strength steel of a thin walled nature and filled with normal strength concrete. A numerical model is developed herein in order to study the behaviour of slender concrete filled high strength steel columns incorporating material and geometric non-linearities. For this analysis, the equilibrium of the member is investigated in the deformed state, using the idealised stress–strain relationships for both the steel and concrete materials, considering the elastic and plastic ranges. This paper presents both an experimental and theoretical treatment of coupled local and global buckling of concrete filled high strength steel columns sometimes termed interaction buckling. The experimental results of columns with high strength steel casings conducted herein by the authors are used for comparison. The effect of the confined concrete core is also addressed and the method shows good agreement with the experimental results of concrete filled steel columns with compact sections. The behaviour of concrete filled steel slender columns affected by elastic or inelastic local buckling is also investigated and compared with relevant experimental results. The paper then concludes with a design recommendation for the strength evaluation of slender composite columns using high strength steel plates with thin-walled steel sections, paying particular attention to existing codes of practice so as not to deviate from current design methodologies.     

High strength circular concrete-filled steel tubular slender beam-columns, Part I: Numerical analysis

High strength circular concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) slender beam-columns are frequently used in high-rise composite buildings because they possess higher strength and stiffness than normal strength ones. Most nonlinear inelastic methods of analysis for circular CFST slender beam-columns have not considered the effects of high strength materials and concrete confinement that significantly increases the strength and ductility of the concrete core. As a result, these methods produce computational solutions that deviate considerably from experimental results. This paper presents a new numerical model for predicting the nonlinear inelastic behavior of high strength circular CFST slender beam-columns under axial load and bending. The numerical model developed not only accounts for confinement effects on the concrete core and circular steel tubes but also incorporates initial geometric imperfections of beam-columns. Axial load-moment-curvature relationships obtained from the fiber element analysis of column cross-sections are utilized to determine the equilibrium states in the inelastic stability analysis of slender beam-columns. Computational algorithms are developed for determining the axial load-deflection and axial load-moment interaction curves for slender beam-columns. The numerical model is implemented in a computer program, which is shown to be an efficient and accurate simulation tool that can be used to investigate the fundamental behavior of high strength circular CFST slender beam-columns. The verification and applications of the numerical model are given in a companion paper.     

高强圆钢管混凝土压弯构件(1):数值分析

由于具有比普通构件强度高、刚度大等特点,高强圆钢管混凝土压弯构件被广泛用于高层建筑中。然而,针对此类构件的大多数非线性分析方法都没有考虑高强材料属性和混凝土约束的影响,这很大程度上高估了核心混凝土的强度和韧性。因此,这些方法的求解结果与试验结果相差很大。针对高强圆钢管混凝土压弯构件的非线性性能,提出新的数值模型。该模型不仅考虑了混凝土约束对核心混凝土和钢管的影响,还考虑了压弯构件的初始几何缺陷。根据通过有限元分析求得的轴力-弯矩曲线,确定压弯构件非线性稳定分析中的平衡状态。为确定轴力-变形及轴力-弯矩曲线,提出了计算准则。在计算机程序中应用该数值模型,可研究高强圆钢管混凝土压弯构件的基本性能。在后续文章中,将验证该模型的正确性,并应用此模型。     

高压水射流处理混凝土施工缝的施工工艺研究

该文研究了高压水射流处理混凝土施工缝的工艺,分析了水压力、冲毛角度、混凝土强度等级和龄期等因素对冲毛处理效果的影响,提出了适用于不同强度等级混凝土的水压力、冲毛角度和适宜龄期等工艺参数。与人工凿毛、机械凿毛、低压水冲毛等处理方式相比,采用高压水射流可以显著提高混凝土施工缝处理质量和效率,并且可以显著降低施工成本和工人劳动强度以及对施工现场环境的不利影响。     

复配中砂在混凝土中应用的研究

为了降低混凝土成本,提高混凝土生产商在市场上的竞争力,在保证混凝土质量的前提下,探讨用粗、中、细砂复配成中砂以取代天然中砂的方法。通过大量试验研究表明,使用复配中砂拌制的混凝土性能及强度与使用天然中砂的基本相近：采用细度模数在2．5～2.8之间的中砂与细度模数在1．8～2．0之间的细砂复配成的中砂拌制的混凝土,其性能优于其他复配中砂拌制的混凝土。     

Experimental behaviour of eccentrically loaded slender circular hollow steel columns in-filled with fibre reinforced concrete

This paper is based on the experimental study of twelve slender steel tubular columns of circular sections filled with both plain and fibre reinforced concrete. The specimens were tested under eccentric compression to investigate the effects of fibre reinforced concrete on the strength and behaviour of slender composite columns. The slenderness ratio was considered to be the main test parameter. Hollow steel sections of similar specimens were also tested as reference columns. The test results were illustrated by load-deflection and load-strain curves. Various characteristics such as strength, stiffness, ductility, energy absorption capacity and failure mode are discussed. Interpretation of the experimental results indicates that the use of fibre reinforced concrete as infill material has a considerable effect on the strength and behaviour of slender composite columns.     

高强圆钢管混凝土压弯构件(2):基本性能

目前,有关高强圆钢管混凝土压弯构件基本性能的试验及数值研究相对较少。在之前文章中,已经提出评估此类压弯构件非线性性能的数值模型,考虑约束和初始几何缺陷对核心混凝土强度和韧性及钢管的影响。验证该模型的正确性,并进行压弯构件基本性能的参数化研究。通过相应的试验结果,验证根据此模型求得的偏心荷载作用下极限承载力和轴力-变形性能的正确性。在计算机程序中应用该模型,研究高强圆钢管混凝土压弯构件的基本性能,如:荷载-位移曲线,极限承载力,轴力-弯矩曲线及由混凝土约束引起的强度增量。参数包括:构件长细比,偏心率,混凝土抗压强度,钢材屈服强度,钢材百分比,混凝土约束条件等。结果表明:提出的数值模型能有效模拟和设计高强圆钢管混凝土压弯构件。本基准数值结果对完善组合结构设计规范中有关高强混凝土压弯构件的规定很有意义。