供热二级网侧设置燃气调峰锅炉的探讨及节能分析

提出了在供热二级网侧设置燃气调峰锅炉的二级调峰供热节能方案,针对国内集中供热现状分析了该方案的运行特点与优势。采用温频法计算了某供热工程的年耗热量,对该工程就二级调峰方案和现有供热方案进行比较,分析了两种方案在能耗、初投资及年运行费用方面的差异,结果表明二级调峰方案具有良好的节能效果和经济优势。     

热电冷三联供系统中热水网参数的选择

结合北京第一热电厂、北京第二热电所所属供热系统,分析在夏季具有冷负荷和生活热水负荷时,热网参数,即供／回水温度,对热电冷联供系统一次能耗的影响。     

热泵在燃气冷热电联供系统的应用

介绍了某生态园燃气冷热电联供能源站的技术方案。采用水源热泵利用夜间城市电网低谷电进行蓄冷、蓄热,白天用于供冷、供热,延长了燃气发电机组的运行时间,降低了运行成本,提高了供冷、供热的安全可靠性。     

某高校天然气分布式能源站及供能管网系统

上海某新建高校采用天然气分布式能源系统通过供能管网实现区域供能。能源中心以天然气作为一次能源,采用冷热电三联供技术,并辅以电制冷机组和燃气热水锅炉作为调峰设备,可满足该新建校区所有冷热负荷需求,能源综合利用效率达到80%以上。能源中心通过校区各二级泵房向各空调末端直接提供循环冷热水,通过校区各热交换机房提供生活热水一次侧热媒。空调供能管网及生活热水热媒管网均采用两管制闭式循环系统。目前该能源中心及供能系统已成功运行。     

大连某港口候船楼海水源热泵系统的技术经济分析

海水是巨大的可再生清洁能源。本文首先介绍了一项实际海水源热泵工程的设计原理、运行方案和运行概况,并对其进行了经济分析与环境效益分析,而后用动态的技术经济学方法计算了系统的费用年值,并与城市热网供热、燃气锅炉、燃油锅炉和地源热泵进行了对比。最后得出结论:虽然海水源热泵系统初投资较大,经济性差于传统系统,但由于此工程所在地无城市热网和燃气管道,且考虑环境效益的因素和国家可再生能源利用的政策,采用海水源热泵系统是合理的。同时,本文对电价和贷款利率做了敏感性分析,通过和其它4种方案的对比,得出了电价、贷款利率和初投资对海水源热泵系统经济效益的影响,提出了海水源热泵系统在经济效益方面存在的问题和提高其经济效益的建议。     

居民用户天然气供暖方案

以包头市北部新区居民用户的天然气供暖方案为例,对比分析了燃气壁挂炉供暖、燃气壁挂炉与太阳能联合供暖、模块式燃气锅炉楼栋供暖、燃气区域锅炉房供暖、燃气热泵空调供暖、燃气冷热电三联供、天然气红外线辐射供暖7种供暖方案的技术特点,对比较适合居民用户供暖的前4种方案进行了工程建设造价和运行费用对比分析。燃气壁挂炉供暖方案工程造价最低,运行费用较少,节能效果较好;燃气壁挂炉与太阳能联合供暖方案工程造价最高,但其运行费用最少,节能效果最佳。     

An aquifer thermal storage system in a Belgian hospital: Long-term experimental evaluation of energy and cost savings

Over a three years period, an aquifer thermal energy storage system was monitored in combination with a heat pump for heating and cooling of the ventilation air in a Belgian hospital. The installation was one of the first and largest ground source heat pump systems in Belgium. Groundwater flows and temperatures were monitored as well as the energy flows of the heat pumps and the energy demand of the building. The resulting energy balance of the building showed that the primary energy consumption of the heat pump system is 71% lower in comparison with a reference installation based on common gas-fired boilers and water cooling machines. This corresponds to a CO₂-reduction of 1280 ton over the whole measuring period. The overall seasonal performance factor (SPF) for heating was 5.9 while the ATES system delivered cooling at an efficiency factor of 26.1. Furthermore, the economic analysis showed an annual cost reduction of k€ 54 as compared to the reference installation, resulting in a simple payback time of 8.4 years, excluding subsidies.     

单栋高层住宅燃气锅炉集中供暖方式探讨

将燃气热水锅炉安装在18层住宅的楼顶，供暖系统采用闭式，上供下回、单管串并联形式。简要介绍了供暖系统和所用主要设备。运行与实测数据表明，该系统较节能，且具环保及安全性。     

上海浦东游泳馆地埋管地源热泵系统冬季运行工况测试

测试了该系统2010—2011年冬季的运行参数,包括机组性能系数、土壤温度、机组进出口水温和地埋管换热量。分析了加热游泳池池水采用地源热泵系统时相对于燃气锅炉的节能性和经济性。测试结果表明上海地区的游泳馆采用地埋管地源热泵系统冬季节能效果显著。     

冷热联供系统的能耗估算

阐述了利用热电联产热、锅炉房供热和房热驱动的各种冷热联供系统的能耗估算方法,对热电联产情况考虑了汽轮机进排气参数等条件的变化对供热供冷能耗的影响,给出了一定条件下各种系统包括热泵系统的供热供冷一次能耗率,并与常规系统作了比较。     

某小区热计量改造节能诊断实测分析

为科学准确地了解要进行热计量节能改造的供热系统和建筑物能耗现状,针对某小区进行了节能诊断,分析了燃煤锅炉效率、补水率、循环水泵耗电情况、室外管网水力工况、室外管网热损失率、外围护结构热工缺陷、围护结构主体部位的传热系数、建筑外窗气密性和建筑物室内平均温度状况。根据实测数据,得到了既有供热系统和建筑物能耗水平与现行节能标准之间的差距,提出了节能改造的方案建议,分析了节能效益,为节能改造提供依据。     

Primary energy implications of end-use energy efficiency measures in district heated buildings

In this study we explore the effects of end-use energy efficiency measures on different district heat production systems with combined heat and power (CHP) plants for base load production and heat-only boilers for peak and medium load productions. We model four minimum cost district heat production systems based on four environmental taxation scenarios, plus a reference district heat system used in Östersund, Sweden. We analyze the primary energy use and the cost of district heat production for each system. We then analyze the primary energy implications of end-use energy efficiency measures applied to a case-study apartment building, taking into account the reduced district heat demand, reduced cogenerated electricity and increased electricity use due to ventilation heat recovery. We find that district heat production cost in optimally-designed production systems is not sensitive to environmental taxation. The primary energy savings of end-use energy efficiency measures depend on the characteristics of the district heat production system and the type of end-use energy efficiency measures. Energy efficiency measures that reduce more of peak load than base load production give higher primary energy savings, because the primary energy efficiency is higher for CHP plants than for boilers. This study shows the importance of analyzing both the demand and supply sides as well as their interaction in order to minimize the primary energy use of district heated buildings.     

Primary energy implications of ventilation heat recovery in residential buildings

In this study, we analyze the impact of ventilation heat recovery (VHR) on the operation primary energy use in residential buildings. We calculate the operation primary energy use of a case-study apartment building built to conventional and passive house standard, both with and without VHR, and using different end-use heating systems including electric resistance heating, bedrock heat pump and district heating based on combined heat and power (CHP) production. VHR increases the electrical energy used for ventilation and reduces the heat energy used for space heating. Significantly greater primary energy savings is achieved when VHR is used in resistance heated buildings than in district heated buildings. For district heated buildings the primary energy savings are small. VHR systems can give substantial final energy reduction, but the primary energy benefit depends strongly on the type of heat supply system, and also on the amount of electricity used for VHR and the airtightness of buildings. This study shows the importance of considering the interactions between heat supply systems and VHR systems to reduce primary energy use in buildings.     

磁悬浮式热泵机组用于集中供热的经济性分析

介绍磁悬浮式热泵机组关键设备——磁悬浮式压缩机结构。结合工程实例,对采用磁悬浮式热泵机组(将板式换热器一级侧出口的一级管网回水作为低温热源)热力站的一级管网供回水温度、磁悬浮式热泵机组制热性能系数进行实测分析。比较螺杆式热泵机组、磁悬浮式热泵机组的经济性。与仅采用板式换热器的传统供热模式相比,采取磁悬浮式热泵机组供热模式可有效降低一级管网回水温度。磁悬浮式热泵机组的日平均制热性能系数比较高,制热季节能效比可达到8.93。螺杆式热泵机组、磁悬浮式热泵机组供暖期耗电量分别为39.36×104、22.48×104kW·h。电价按0.9元/(kW·h)计算,磁悬浮式热泵机组供暖期可节省电费15.19×104元。螺杆式热泵机组、磁悬浮式热泵机组的购置费分别为65×104、120×104元,磁悬浮式热泵机组多出的购置费可在3.62 a收回。     

某高档住宅小区地下水地源热泵-太阳能系统方案分析

介绍了工程所在地水文地质勘探及试验井的情况、系统的设备配置及运行策略.详细介绍了负荷侧空调系统的设计.分析了太阳能+地下水地源热泵系统相对于传统的电制冷机组+燃气锅炉系统的经济性.总结了保护地下水资源的措施,并指出开发利用地下水资源应注意的相关问题.     

热电联产供热系统二次网供回水温度的确定

随着节能减排政策的出台,我国的热电联产系统也在朝着节能方向设计,尤其是近年来正在发展的燃气热电厂,在一定程度上起到了节能减排的作用,但是在许多参数的设计方面还存在一些不足。为此,主要从节能、设计的实用性与经济性等诸多方面对热电联产供热系统的二次网供回水温度进行探讨和确定。     

某热泵热水系统能耗及费用分析

对国内多所高校浴室供热用能方式进行调研。调研结果显示近半数公共浴室仍然采用燃煤锅炉制备热水。天然气资源有限和运行成本高的问题限制了"煤改气"政策的实施。因此对某高校学生浴室提出采用空气源热泵制取热水,从而降低运行费用的方案。对该热泵系统运行时间、运行效率、能源消费、运行费用和投资回收期等指标的计算表明,在15年的运行周期中,空气源热泵热水供应系统在全年大部分时间内可以完全取代传统燃气锅炉供热。其运行费用比燃气锅炉系统节约47%,具有良好的节能效果和经济效益。     

燃气锅炉不同供暖系统形式的适用性分析

针对不同类型的燃气锅炉及相应的供暖系统形的适用性作了全面的分析及比较。指出了在选择供暖系统形式时应注意的问题。     

锅炉供暖量化管理单片机监测系统的研制与应用

介绍了一种用于锅炉供暖量化管理的单片机监测系统，该系统监测锅炉运行中一系列供暖参数，监督指导司炉人员按需供热、计量烧煤、提高供热质量、降低能源消耗。３００多家用户使用表明，该系统效果良好。     

蓄热式电锅炉供暖工程设计介绍

该工程采用直热式和蓄热式电热锅炉联合供暖方式，介绍了方案选择，设备选型，锅炉运行方式，锅炉房工艺布置和供暖负荷计算。该工程可以充分利用低谷电蓄热供暖，实际运行效果良好。