正六边形孔蜂窝钢梁的整体稳定研究

通过将双轴对称工字形截面的正六边形孔蜂窝梁的等效刚度代入当量实腹梁弯扭屈曲临界弯矩值的公式中,得到蜂窝梁的弯扭屈曲临界弯矩值公式。为考虑开孔引起的剪切变形对蜂窝梁弯扭屈曲临界荷载值的影响,并验证所得蜂窝梁弯扭屈曲临界荷载公式的正确性,通过与有限元软件计算同尺寸的蜂窝梁得到的弯扭屈曲临界弯矩相比较,证明了所推公式具有满足工程所需的精度。最后为方便工程应用,对蜂窝梁整体稳定性计算公式进行了改进。     

基于等效刚度的蜂窝梁弯扭屈曲临界荷载计算方法

蜂窝梁是在梁腹板上开有连续规则孔洞的一种钢梁,腹板开孔后对其抗侧刚度有较大的削弱,因此整体稳定性能是蜂窝梁的重要问题。基于能量法推导出实腹梁弯扭屈曲临界荷载的计算式,采用等效刚度的方法,通过等效侧向抗弯刚度、等效翘曲刚度和等效扭转刚度推导了蜂窝梁的弯扭屈曲临界荷载的计算式。其次,考虑蜂窝梁截面尺寸、跨度、开孔率和距高比的影响,采用有限元方法对圆形孔和六边形孔蜂窝梁的弯扭屈曲进行了分析,得到了蜂窝梁弯扭屈曲临界荷载的变化规律,并验证了蜂窝梁弯扭屈曲临界荷载计算式的正确性,可为蜂窝梁的整体稳定设计提供参考。     

蜂窝梁弹性弯扭屈曲承载力的简化计算方法研究

蜂窝梁构造复杂,对其承载力进行精确计算困难。为了研究蜂窝梁弹性弯扭屈曲承载力,在对蜂窝梁截面各特征值进行简化计算的基础上,用实腹H型钢梁的弹性弯扭屈曲临界荷载计算理论研究了蜂窝梁在不同荷载作用形式下的弹性弯扭屈曲承载力。使用ABAQUS软件对蜂窝梁的弹性弯扭屈曲承载力进行特征值屈曲分析,并与理论计算结果进行对比,验证了计算式的有效性。最后,通过分析不同因素对蜂窝梁弹性弯扭屈曲承载力的影响得出:高跨比影响最大;扩张比影响次之;距高比影响最小,可以忽略。     

局部封闭和开口薄壁压弯构件的弯扭屈曲

单轴对称开口薄壁压弯构件在荷载作用于对称平面内时有可能发生弯扭屈曲。在这种情况下,其临界荷载总是低于平面内弯曲失稳破坏荷载,如果在构件的开口边加上缀板,使之形成若干断续的封闭截面,则弯扭屈曲临界荷载将显著提高,并有可能使破坏模式由弯扭屈曲转化为平面内弯曲失稳。本文提出了一种计算薄壁压弯构件弯扭屈曲荷载的方法,这种方法对局部封闭和开口截面都能适用。曾经做了213根具有不同长细比、偏心距、缀板间距(或无缀板)的冷弯薄壁型钢压杆试验,其结果与理论符合较好。     

纯弯曲蜂窝梁弯扭屈曲的有限元分析

为了研究蜂窝梁纯弯状态下的弯扭屈曲，笔者利用有限元软件ANSYS对两种不同截面的H形钢梁在纯弯曲时的弹性弯扭屈曲临界弯矩进行了分析，对所得到结果与理论公式计算的结果进行了比较，结果吻合的较好，这表明所选单元及计算方法的正确性。根据这一结果，笔者认为蜂窝梁在纯弯曲时的弹性弯扭屈曲临界荷载也可以采用该软件进行模拟分析。然后，对开孔率相同跨度不同以及跨度相同度开孔率不同的蜂窝梁进行了计算，并对计算结果与原型钢进行了比较分析。分析结果表明，蜂窝梁的弯扭屈曲临界弯矩略高于原型钢钢梁，其值随着开孔率的逐渐增加而降低，但是开孔率的影响并不十分明显。     

蜂窝钢梁屈曲模型的相互影响

基于侧扭屈曲模型,采用三维非线性有限元法,考虑初始几何缺陷和材料非线性,研究普通和高强蜂窝钢梁的性能。通过不同跨度和横截面的蜂窝梁试验,对模型进行验证。研究了蜂窝钢梁的破坏荷载、屈曲模型间的相互影响、荷载-侧移曲线。采用有限元模型进行参数分析,研究横截面尺寸、梁长、型钢强度对蜂窝钢梁承载力和屈曲性能的影响。腹板的畸变屈曲较大地降低了细长蜂窝钢梁的承载力。将有限元分析得到的侧扭屈曲下钢梁破坏荷载与澳大利亚规范进行比较,结果表明:规范对侧扭屈曲下普通蜂窝钢梁的破坏分析偏保守,对腹板屈曲下蜂窝钢梁的破坏分析较合理,而对侧扭屈曲下高强蜂窝钢梁的破坏分析非常保守。     

纯弯曲蜂窝梁弯扭屈曲的有限元分析

为了研究蜂窝梁纯弯状态下的弯扭屈曲,笔者利用有限元软件ANSYS对两种不同截面的H形钢梁在纯弯曲时的弹性弯扭屈曲临界弯矩进行了分析,对所得到结果与理论公式计算的结果进行了比较,结果吻合的较好,这表明所选单元及计算方法的正确性。根据这一结果,笔者认为蜂窝梁在纯弯曲时的弹性弯扭屈曲临界荷载也可以采用该软件进行模拟分析。然后,对开孔率相同跨度不同以及跨度相同度开孔率不同的蜂窝梁进行了计算,并对计算结果与原型钢进行了比较分析。分析结果表明,蜂窝梁的弯扭屈曲临界弯矩略高于原型钢钢梁,其值随着开孔率的逐渐增加而降低,但是开孔率的影响并不十分明显。     

翼缘纵向变厚度焊接工字形截面钢梁整体稳定性能试验

为研究翼缘纵向变厚度焊接工字形截面钢梁的整体稳定性能,共设计了11个变厚度梁和2个等厚度梁并进行无侧向约束整体稳定试验,包含三点弯和四点弯两种加载方式,0、2、4、6、8mm/m共5种厚度变化率。试验结果表明：钢梁均发生弹塑性弯扭失稳破坏,卸载后仍有明显残余变形;相比四点弯加载,翼缘厚度变化对三点弯加载钢梁承载性能的影响更为明显。对现有等厚度梁的整体稳定设计方法和稳定系数曲线进行总结,结合精细化有限元分析得到,变厚度梁的弹性失稳临界弯矩随着翼缘厚度变化率增大而降低。基于现有等厚度梁规范稳定曲线进行变厚度梁稳定承载力计算时,建议采用有限元分析或者以平均截面尺寸下的等厚度梁近似计算弹性失稳屈曲临界弯矩,由此可得相比按跨中最大截面设计相对安全的稳定承载力。最后将试验结果与规范计算所得稳定承载力对比,结果表明欧洲规范BS EN 1993-1-1最为安全,中国规范GB 50017—2017次之,美国规范ANSI/AISC 360-16最不安全。变厚度梁整体稳定设计方法的提出还需进一步深入研究。     

火灾下钢梁弯扭屈曲临界温度的计算方法

基于考虑横向荷载影响推导的钢梁整体失稳发生弯扭屈曲时临界弯矩的计算公式,引入高温下钢材的弹性模量随温度的折减系数,给出了火灾下钢梁整体失稳时临界温度的计算方法。研究表明,该方法计算结果与试验值吻合较好,满足结构抗火设计的精度要求。     

圆孔蜂窝梁的弯扭屈曲分析

为了对纯弯状态下圆孔蜂窝梁的弯扭屈曲进行研究,将蜂窝梁翼缘和腹板分离,采用有限元软件ANSYS对蜂窝梁开圆孔腹板进行侧向纯弯分析,由挠度-刚度关系反算侧向刚度,得出开孔腹板相对于实心腹板的刚度折减系数ky。考虑开孔腹板的径高比和距高比,经拟合给出了刚度折减系数ky的计算公式,用该系数对蜂窝梁的自由扭转刚度进行修正,代入实腹工字截面梁弯扭屈曲临界弯矩计算公式,得到蜂窝梁的相应计算公式。最后利用该公式分别对不同跨度、不同孔况的简支蜂窝梁在纯弯状态下的弯扭屈曲临界弯矩进行计算,并与有限元分析结果进行对比。分析结果表明,修正后的临界弯矩计算公式具有较高精度。     

Interaction of buckling modes in castellated steel beams

This paper investigates the behaviour of normal and high strength castellated steel beams under combined lateral torsional and distortional buckling modes. An efficient nonlinear 3D finite element model has been developed for the analysis of the beams. The initial geometric imperfection and material nonlinearities were carefully considered in the analysis. The nonlinear finite element model was verified against tests on castellated beams having different lengths and different cross-sections. Failure loads and interaction of buckling modes as well as load-lateral deflection curves of castellated steel beams were investigated in this study. An extensive parametric study was carried out using the finite element model to study the effects of the change in cross-section geometries, beam length and steel strength on the strength and buckling behaviour of castellated steel beams. The parametric study has shown that the presence of web distortional buckling causes a considerable decrease in the failure load of slender castellated steel beams. It is also shown that the use of high strength steel offers a considerable increase in the failure loads of less slender castellated steel beams. The failure loads predicted from the finite element model were compared with that predicted from Australian Standards for steel beams under lateral torsional buckling. It is shown that the Specification predictions are generally conservative for normal strength castellated steel beams failing by lateral torsional buckling, unconservative for castellated steel beams failing by web distortional buckling and quite conservative for high strength castellated steel beams failing by lateral torsional buckling.     

侧向扭转屈曲时冷成型钢梁的特性及设计

建筑物中越来越多地使用冷成型钢梁作为楼板的辅助及受力构件,其在没有足够侧向约束时的性能和瞬时承载力将受到侧向扭转屈曲的影响。以往对侧向扭转屈曲的研究主要针对热成型卷边钢梁,因此需要对简单支撑下相同弯曲度冷成型卷边槽钢梁的特性进行数值模拟。采用业内广泛认可的有限元分析软件ABAQUS进行建模,对不同条件下冷成型钢梁微单元的侧向扭转屈曲性能和承载力进行分析和模拟。将瞬时承载力结果与冷成型钢结构规范中当前设计准则的预测结果进行比较并对其进行适当的修正。欧洲的设计规范较为保守,而澳大利亚、新西兰和北美的设计规范则较为宽泛。基于有限元分析结果,对规范中的瞬时承载力设计公式进行修正。阐述了参数分析的细节问题,修正了当前设计规范,提出了侧向扭转屈曲时冷成型卷边槽钢梁的新设计准则。     

Failure modes for castellated beams

Previous studies of the structural behaviour of castellated beams are reviewed and a number of different possible failure modes identified. Several of these do not occur with plain webbed beams since they are a direct result of the different way in which shear is transferred through the perforated web. Examples are a Vierendeel mechanism, web post buckling due to shear and web weld rupture. Failure by either the formation of a flexural mechanism or by lateral-torsional instability are essentially similar to the equivalent modes for solid web beams. Methods for predicting the loads at which each of these types of failure occurs are evaluated against the available experimental data and the limitations in a number of these analytical approaches is discussed. It is concluded that both lateral-torsional instability and the formation of a flexural mechanism may be handled by an adaptation of established methods for plain webbed beams, providing the cross-sectional properties are those corresponding to the centreline of a castellation. Currently available methods for the determination of collapse in the other modes, while rather less accurate, are adequate for design except in the case of web post buckling due to compression.     

Distortional buckling of castellated beams

In previous studies of the structural behavior of castellated steel beams, different possible failure modes of these extensively used structural members have been identified and investigated. On the other hand, during the past 25 years or so, a proliferation of research work has been undertaken on the distortional buckling of steel members. Nonetheless, no studies are found in the literature on the distortional buckling of castellated beams. Accordingly, tests of six full-scale castellated beams are described, in which the experimental investigation of distortional buckling was the focus of interest. In addition to the test strengths, the accurate critical loads of the beams have been obtained using some extrapolation techniques, and ultimately a comparison has been made between the obtained test loads and some theoretical predictions.     

Bracing requirements for inelastic castellated beams

Lateral-torsional buckling can be avoided by properly spaced and designed lateral bracing. Bracings are usually assumed to be elastic, and so may be characterized by their elastic stiffnesses. It is well known that an elastic lateral brace restricts partially the lateral buckling of slender beams and increases the elastic buckling moment. However, a full study of the effect of lateral braces on inelastic buckling has not been made especially for castellated beams, and it is not known whether the limiting stiffness for elastic buckling can be applied to castellated beams that buckle inelastically. This paper develops a three dimensional (3-D) finite-element model using a finite-element program and uses it to investigate the effect of elastic lateral bracing stiffness on the inelastic flexural-torsional buckling of simply supported castellated beams with an elastic lateral restraint under pure bending. It was found that for inelastic castellated beams, the effect of bracing initially is increased to some extent as the lateral unbraced length increases and then decreased until the beam behaves as an elastic beam. In other words, the effect of bracing depends not only on the stiffness of the restraint but also on the modified slenderness of the beam. Also, the results show that Winter’s simplified method to determine full brace requirements cannot be applied to inelastic castellated beams. Therefore, a general equation is proposed to determine the value of optimum stiffness in terms of the beam’s slenderness, applicable to all castellated beams under pure bending.     

Lateral-torsional buckling resistance of coped beams

The lateral-torsional buckling resistance of beams depends on the support conditions. In floor structures for buildings coped beams are often used. A numerical model was developed to investigate the influence of copes on the lateral buckling resistance. This model is described in a companion paper [Maljaars J, Stark JWB, Steenbergen HMGM, Abspoel R. Development and validation of a numerical model for buckling of coped beams. Journal of Constructional Steel Research 2005;61(11):1576-93]. In this paper results of a parameter study carried out with the numerical model are presented. Based on these results recommendations for design rules are given. The study is restricted to (coped) beams with end plates.     

Experiments on elastically braced castellated beams

Castellated beams are widely used as flexural members in steel construction. The economical and structural advantages of these elements have prompted many researchers to investigate the failure behavior of such structures. Despite numerous reported researches on the buckling stability of castellated beams, no experimental study is found on lateral–torsional buckling of these elements with elastic bracing. In this paper, the experimental study of nine full-scale castellated beams is reported with the aim of investigation of the performance as well as effect of elastic bracing on the buckling stability of these structural elements. In addition to the presentation of the experimental observations and findings, the current test results are compared with the results of other reported experimental, analytical and numerical studies. Ultimately, the experimental findings and results are evaluated by considering the AISC 360–05 code requirements and predictions.     

钢结构构件弯扭屈曲问题的计算和分析

本文导出了适用于梁、柱和压弯构件弯扭屈曲计算的统一表达式。该式考虑因素较全面,应用范围广泛,补充了现有梁、柱弯扭屈曲计算公式,提出了压弯构件弯扭屈曲的计算公式。此外,并建议对钢结构设计规范中所采用的C_3值进行修正。