影响高强轻集料混凝土收缩的若干因素

研究了高强轻集料混凝土的收缩特性及其影响因素。结果表明：轻集料混凝土的收缩特性明显不同于普通混凝土，其早期收缩率比普通混凝土低，而后期收缩率远远大于普通混凝土。高强普通混凝土的收缩在28d之后逐渐趋于平缓，而高强轻集料混凝土在28d以后仍具有较大的收缩．研究发现，通过提高轻集料的预饱水程度，掺加适量膨胀剂、粉煤灰或纤维，能够有效减小高强轻集料混凝土的收缩。     

高强轻集料混凝土的早期自收缩研究

研究了高强轻集料混凝土的自收缩特性和影响因素。结果表明：高强混凝土的收缩主要是自收缩;水泥用量在一定范围内显著影响混凝土的自收缩;轻集料混凝土的自收缩有明显不同于普通混凝土之处．其早期自收缩比普通混凝土低．而后期自收缩高于普通混凝土,高强普通混凝土的自收缩在28d以后逐渐趋于稳定．而高强轻集料混凝土的自收缩在28d以后仍有比较明显地增加。研究发现．通过调整轻集料体积率,掺加适量粉煤灰,提高轻集料的预饱水程度能有效减小高强轻集料混凝土的自收缩。     

低强轻集料混凝土氯离子渗透性能和气体渗透率试验研究

利用快速氯离子渗透试验和气体渗透率法研究了泡沫型、轻集料和引气预湿三种类型的轻集料混凝土的抗渗性能。试验结果表明:引气预湿轻集料混凝土的气体渗透率是轻集料混凝土和普通混凝土的1/2,氯离子渗透系数到达0.1×10-12 m2/s;引气剂和预湿轻集料共同作用,可以提高混凝土的抗气渗性能;利用孔隙率测试和SEM试验分析探讨了轻集料、引气剂等对提高轻集料混凝土抗渗性的作用机理,研究结果为深入开展高性能轻集料混凝土的研究提供了参考。     

全轻混凝土收缩的影响因素研究

收缩率作为一项重要的混凝土体积稳定性指标,对其整体性能影响深远,在全轻混凝土中表现更为明显。因此,本文系统研究了水胶比、水泥用量、矿渣掺量及轻集料的预湿时间等因素对全轻混凝土收缩的影响,结果表明:收缩值与水胶比之间呈非线性关系,其中,水胶比为0. 45时,混凝土收缩最小;水泥用量在400~500 kg/m3范围内,混凝土的收缩随着水泥用量的增大而增加;在0~30%范围内,混凝土的收缩随着矿渣掺量的增加而减小;轻集料的预湿时间对于混凝土的内部湿度和供水能力影响较大,1小时为轻集料的最佳预湿时间。     

轻骨料混凝土的收缩性能研究

研究了不同吸水率、不同预湿程度的轻骨料对不同水胶比混凝土收缩性能的影响,并与普通骨料混凝土、混合骨料混凝土进行对比分析.结果表明,在低水胶比时轻骨料混凝土的收缩大于普通骨料混凝土,在高水胶比时,早龄期轻骨料混凝土的收缩小于普通骨料混凝土,而后期大于普通骨料混凝土;随着骨料预湿含水率的提高,轻骨料混凝土的收缩变形减小,在早期尤为显著,通过预湿处理提高轻骨料预饱水程度可以显著降低轻骨料混凝土的收缩     

污泥陶粒次轻混凝土的制备与性能研究

用碎石和污泥陶粒作为混合粗集料配制了不同集料组成的次轻混凝土试样,系统地研究了它们的力学性能和热学性能。虽然污泥陶粒本身强度不高,但在粗集料中掺入适量污泥陶粒(占粗集料的体积分数x=25%)所制备的次轻混凝土,其早期强度与不掺污泥陶粒的混凝土试样相当。上述现象归结于污泥陶粒与水泥石界面较为致密的组织结构,当其取代碎石集料后,减少了集料与水泥石界面的疏松组织结构,使集料与水泥石界面区的微观结构得到增强。污泥陶粒次轻混凝土的弹性模量介于普通集料混凝土和轻集料混凝土之间,具有比同强度等级普通混凝土更好的延展性,和比轻集料混凝土更高的强度与抗变形能力。与普通混凝土(x=0)相比,当次轻混凝土中x=25%时,其导热系数可降低46%,即掺入少量污泥陶粒可明显提高混凝土的保温隔热性能。     

高性能轻混凝土的稳定性研究

为研究高性能轻混凝土的稳定性，选择混合型粗集料的配料方案，同时采用混合型细集料，以磨细矿渣和粉煤灰掺合料部分取代工程砂，使得轻混凝土的弹性模量提高，收缩率显著降低，收缩完成时间大大提高，混凝土的比强度和比刚度明显上升，研制出CL50、密度等级1800的具有优良稳定性的高性能轻混凝土。     

高强轻集料混凝土的抗冻性能研究

采用快速冻融法研究了养护制度、轻集料的预湿程度和体积砂率对高强轻集料混凝土抗冻性能的影响。结果表明：轻集料混凝土具有良好的抗冻性能。体积砂率对轻集料混凝土的抗冻性能有较明显的影响，随着体积砂率的增大，轻集料混凝土的抗冻性能有所降低；轻集料的预湿程度对混凝土的抗冻性能影响不大；养护温度对轻集料混凝土的抗东性能有影响，随着养护温度降低混凝土的抗冻性能降低。     

日本人工轻集料混凝土的相关学会标准摘要与对比

日本建筑学会(AIJ)土木学会(JSCE)1.混凝土的定义轻集料混凝土——使用轻集料的混凝土(JASS51.4)轻集料混凝土——集料的全部或—部分使用轻集料制成的混凝土。《钢筋混凝土结构标准》(施工篇1.3)但是,所用轻集料的粗细集料均应符合JIS A5002的M A317或M A417的要求。《钢筋混凝土结构标准》(施工篇19.2)2.混凝土的种类誗轻集料混凝土1类:粗集料是人工轻集料,细集料是普通砂的混凝土誗轻集料混凝土2类:粗集料是人工轻集料,细集料是人工轻集料或者掺有普通砂的混凝土誗未加以特别区分3.混凝土设计基准强度誗Fc的下限:1类、2类轻集料…     

对轻骨料混凝土收缩性能的分析

分析了轻骨料混凝土与普通骨料混凝土收缩特性的区别。研究了轻集料的体积用量、膨胀剂和纤维等因素对混凝土收缩的影响，提出了减小轻集料混凝土收缩的技术措施。     

减缩剂与内养护复合对水泥砂浆性能的影响

研究了密封和干燥条件下,使用减缩剂、饱和轻骨料内养护以及两者复合使用对砂浆收缩、水化以及抗压强度的影响.结果表明：密封条件下,较减缩剂和内养护单独使用,两者复合使用能进一步抑制砂浆内部相对湿度的下降,进而使体系自收缩发展速率和水平显著降低,砂浆7d内保持微膨胀状态,28d自收缩率低于100×10-6;干燥条件下,相比仅使用内养护,复合减缩剂后砂浆干燥收缩明显降低,但由于内养护使砂浆失水量增大,复合减缩剂后减缩效果不及仅使用减缩剂的砂浆;两者复合使用后能够显著降低减缩剂单独使用时对水泥水化和砂浆强度的不利影响.     

轻集料混凝土干燥收缩影响因素及开裂评价方法

采用测试内约束收缩应力的方法研究了表观密度、水灰比、轻集料品种、不同矿物掺合料及约束程度对轻集料混凝土干燥收缩开裂的影响.结果显示,轻集料混凝土表观密度的降低增大了干燥收缩开裂的趋势,过低或过高的水灰比对干燥收缩开裂均有不利影响,轻集料种类则对收缩应力有一定影响;粉煤灰、磨细矿渣粉、硅灰的掺入降低了收缩开裂风险,混凝土收缩开裂概率随着约束程度提高明显增大.     

自释放水源高强轻集料混凝土收缩性能的研究

研究了预湿陶粒对高强轻骨料混凝土强度和收缩性能的影响。结果表明,通过在高强混凝土中掺加部分提前用水浸泡过陶粒的办法,可以减少高强混凝土因水泥用量过大而引起的较大收缩。     

陶粒预湿程度对轻骨料混凝土拉伸徐变的影响

采用U型管微压测定装置测定不同预湿程度陶粒在轻骨料混凝土中的吸水返水过程,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察轻骨料混凝土界面结构形貌,采用新型环形约束收缩装置研究了部分约束条件下轻骨料混凝土的拉伸徐变特性.结果表明:随着陶粒预湿程度的提高,陶粒在轻骨料混凝土中的吸水能力下降,返水能力提高,陶粒与水泥石界面结合程度加强,轻骨料混凝土的拉伸徐变值减小.     

Lightweight concrete incorporating pumice based blended cement and aggregate: Mechanical and durability characteristics

This paper presents the development of lightweight volcanic pumice concrete (VPC) using pumice based ASTM Type I blended cement (PVPC) and aggregates (both coarse and fine). The performance of VPC mixtures was evaluated by conducting comprehensive series of tests on fresh and hardened properties as well as durability. Fresh and mechanical properties of VPC mixtures such as slump, air content, compressive strength, tensile strength, density, and modulus of elasticity are described. The durability characteristics were investigated by drying shrinkage, water permeability, mercury intrusion porosimetry, differential scanning calorimetry and microhardness tests. The variables in the study include: % replacement (0%, 50%, 75% and 100% by volume) of normal weight coarse gravel aggregate by coarse lightweight volcanic pumice aggregate (VPA), replacement (100% by volume) of fine aggregate (sand) by fine VPA, constant (0.45)/variable (0.37–0.64) water-to-binder ratio by mass, variable (1.3–3.7) aggregate-to-binder ratio by mass and cement types (ASTM type I cement and PVPC). The investigation suggests the production of lightweight VPCs for structural applications having satisfactory strength and durability characteristics. The use of PVPC induces the beneficial effect of reducing the drying shrinkage and water permeability of VPC mixtures. The presence of coarse/fine/both VPA is also associated with lower permeability due to the development of high quality interfacial paste-aggregate transition zone and the progressive internal curing in VPCs. Development of non-expensive and environmentally friendly VPC with acceptable strength and durability characteristics (as illustrated in this study) can be extremely helpful for the sustainable construction and rehabilitation of volcanic disaster areas around the world.     

不同湿度环境下内养护混凝土气体传输性能试验研究

采用预湿轻骨料作为内养护材料代替普通粗、细骨料拌制混凝土,既可以缓解混凝土早期自收缩和开裂的问题,又能减轻混凝土的自重。然而,预湿轻骨料的内养护效率受混凝土自身水胶比和外界养护环境的影响较大。开展了不同水胶比、不同湿度环境(饱和石灰水养护、喷雾养护、密封养护以及干燥养护)下普通混凝土及内养护混凝土氧气扩散和渗透性能试验。从混凝土的骨料界面过渡区结构、内部相对湿度、水化程度、混凝土孔隙率和孔隙迂曲度等方面,研究了水胶比、养护环境以及内养护材料对混凝土气体传输性能的影响,分析了不同养护环境下轻骨料的内养护效率,以及不同湿度养护条件下混凝土中气体的传输机制。结果表明：高水胶比混凝土的氧气扩散系数及渗透系数均显著高于低水胶比混凝土的;预湿轻骨料的掺入降低了混凝土的氧气扩散性能,提高了其氧气渗透性能;随着养护环境湿度的减小,混凝土的氧气扩散系数和渗透系数增加;预湿轻骨料在低水胶比、密封养护条件下内养护效率较高。     

Optimisation of using lightweight aggregates in mitigating autogenous deformation of concrete

Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of using dispersed saturated lightweight aggregates (LWAs) as water reservoirs in mitigating the autogenous deformation of high performance concrete and to establish the optimum solutions as a combination of a number of factors affecting the fracture and mechanical characteristics of concrete. For this purpose, in concretes prepared with a constant low water to cement ratio, normal aggregates were replaced by natural LWAs with size fractions of 2–4 mm or 4–8 mm at three different volume fractions such as 10%, 20% and 30% of the total aggregate volume of concrete. The results indicate that the inclusion of fine fraction of LWAs in concrete reduces the autogenous deformation significantly compared to that of the coarse fraction. It is also shown that concretes with fine fraction of LWAs have enhanced fracture and mechanical properties compared to those with coarse fraction of LWAs. Increasing the replacement ratio of LWAs mitigates autogenous deformation, while having an unfavourable effect on fracture and mechanical properties of concrete for both size replacements. A multi-objective simultaneous optimisation technique, in which the response surface method (RSM) is incorporated, is used to optimise the mitigation ratio of autogenous deformation and fracture parameters of high strength concretes in an effort to obtain a more ductile concrete with less autogenous deformation.     

内固化对高性能混凝土耐久性的影响

结合工程实践指出掺入预饱和的轻骨料而实现内部固化是高性能混凝土抵消自干燥及自收缩的有效方法,通过试验研究了内固化对高性能混凝土耐久性的影响,得出一些有指导意义的结论。     

Effect of Granulated Blast Furnace Slag and fly ash addition on the strength properties of lightweight mortars containing waste PET aggregates

In this work, the effect of Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GBFS) and fly ash (FA) addition on the strength properties of lightweight mortars containing waste Poly-ethylene Terephthalate (PET) bottle aggregates was investigated. Investigation was carried out on three groups of mortar specimens. One made with only Normal Portland cement (NPC) as binder, second made with NPC and GBFS together and, third made with NPC and FA together. The industrial wastes mentioned above were used as the replacement of cement on mass basis at the replacement ratio of 50%. The size of shredded PET granules used as aggregate for the preparation of mortar mixtures were between 0 and 4 mm. The waste lightweight PET aggregate (WPLA)–binder ratio (WPLA/b) was 0.60; the water–binder (w/b) ratios were determined as 0.45 and 0.50. The dry unit weight, compressive and flexural–tensile strengths, carbonation depths and drying shrinkage values were measured and presented. The results have shown that modifying GBFS had positive effects on the compressive strength and drying shrinkage values (after 90 days) of the WPLA mortars. However, FA substitution decreased compressive and flexural–tensile strengths and increased carbonation depths. Nevertheless a visible reduction occurred on the drying shrinkage values of FA modifying specimens more than cement specimens and GBFS modified specimens. The test results indicated that, GBFS has a potential of using as the replacement of cement on the WPLA mortars by taking into consideration the characteristics. But using FA as a binder at the replacement ratio of 50% did not improve the overall strength properties. Although it was thought that, using FA as binder at the replacement ratio of 50% for the aim of production WPLA concrete which has a specific strength, would provide advantages of economical and ecological aspects.     

粉煤灰和矿粉对水泥胶砂自收缩的影响

试验研究了粉煤灰和矿粉对水泥胶砂自收缩的影响.结果表明:当胶砂比(质量比)为1:0.5,水胶比(质量比)为0.3时,随水化龄期延长,水泥胶砂自收缩增大,早期自收缩发展急剧.粉煤灰降低了水泥胶砂的自收缩,随着粉煤灰掺量(质量分数)增大,水泥胶砂自收缩减小;掺10%和20%粉煤灰水泥胶砂的21 d自收缩较纯水泥胶砂分别下降了21.1%和29.5%.水化早期(5d前),矿粉掺量(质量分数)在10%～20%时,随着矿粉掺量增大,水泥胶砂自收缩降低;掺10%和20%矿粉水泥胶砂的21 d自收缩较纯水泥胶砂分别增加了11.1%和6.6%.