共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 225 毫秒
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太阳能富集地区居住建筑非平衡保温研究——拉萨市非平衡保温传热系数限值研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在有供暖需求的太阳能资源富集地区,由于太阳辐射强烈,居住建筑各朝向外墙,尤其是南北向外墙接收的太阳辐射量差异巨大,为了更有效地利用太阳能及降低保温成本,这种差异应表现在建筑围护结构保温设计中。本文通过对拉萨市标准年气象数据库的分析,得到了其居住建筑各朝向外墙供暖期内获得的太阳辐射量;通过对各朝向外墙有效传热系数的分析,得到了各朝向外墙净热损失比例以及基于现行传热系数限值的非平衡保温传热系数限值。新旧传热系数限值的对比证明了非平衡保温具有现实工程意义。 相似文献
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实际用能方式下的夏热冬冷地区居住建筑围护结构节能设计研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《建筑科学》2015,(10)
夏热冬冷地区居住建筑具有间歇和局部用能的特点。本文运用Design Builder软件,采用抽象建筑模型模拟分析了不同围护结构保温方式对不同朝向及夜间和白天两种使用模式的房间全年冷热负荷的影响。结果显示,分室间歇用能方式下,内外保温措施的平均供暖节能率显著高于平均制冷节能率。这导致实际供暖与空调期同规范相出入是围护节能措施实际节能率远低于理论设计节能率的主要原因之一。居室能耗同房间作息及朝向关联性很大,极端情况下总能耗相差可达21.7%,应尝试发展以户室为单位的节能设计方法。外墙内保温对全年能耗的降低效果优于外墙外保温。内保温在夜间用能下节能率最大,可达23.2%。 相似文献
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《建筑热能通风空调》2016,(10)
夏热冬冷地区的住宅建筑常采用间断供暖模式,本文采用数值模拟的方法对其房间能耗特征进行研究。结果表明,供暖持续时间与保温层位置对能耗影响较大。供暖持续时间越短,房间单位时间能耗越大。外墙采用外保温时的能耗高于内保温。 相似文献
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当今社会,资源能源紧缺,为了促进我国节约型社会的构建,实现建筑业的可持续发展,现代住宅对节能的需求也越来越大。本文首先简单介绍了现代住宅对节能的需求,其次介绍了节能住宅小区设计现状,最后从绿化节能设计技术的应用、以住宅朝向以及门窗设计为中心的住宅节能设计、外墙保温技术的应用、光伏太阳能技术的应用、综合性住宅小区节能设计技术这几方面介绍了现代住宅节能设计的核心技术。 相似文献
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地处"世界屋脊"青藏高原之上的文化历史名城拉萨市,冬季气候寒冷干燥,目前多数建筑未设置供暖设施,很多住宅靠燃烧柴薪、牛粪取暖,不但效果不佳,而且对环境造成了较大的污染。解决拉萨市的供暖问题,可以提高人民的生活质量,改善城市环境,保护高原生态,促进经济社会发展,意义非常重大。选择一种与当地自然、经济、能源条件相适应的供暖方式并加以推广,是下一步拉萨市供热事业发展的关键。本文作者根据拉萨市的自然条件、能源状况、人口特点、建筑特点,通过成本对比,建议以电为主要能源,采用分户采暖的方式解决居民住宅的供暖问题;建议以天然气为主要能源,来解决公共建筑的供暖问题;大力推广被动式太阳能采暖建筑,有条件的情况下积极利用主动式太阳能供暖。 相似文献
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《青岛理工大学学报》2017,(3)
以青岛市9户冬季集中供暖住宅为研究对象,通过实验的方法对住宅室内温湿度、室外温湿度等热环境参数进行了测试,并且运用Matlab软件对住宅房间的PMV进行了计算.通过数据计算分析得出了青岛集中供暖住宅室内热环境状况能够满足人们的热舒适要求,并且分析了住宅保温、朝向等因素对室内热环境的影响. 相似文献
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《Energy and Buildings》2004,36(6):495-501
This paper presents coherent 5-year measured data that have been gathered for analyses of building energy consumption and thermal performance of exterior walls. The data is also very suitable for calculations and simulations of heating and cooling energy need of buildings. The data was collected from six identical test buildings, having exterior walls that are constructed of different building materials. The data include the following: indoor–outdoors temperatures; temperatures at various depths within the northern, southern, eastern, and western exterior wall facades; indoor–outdoors relative humidity, heating energy, wind speed and direction; air tightness, infiltration, and horizontal global solar radiation. A computer system (data logger) was used to monitor, check, calculate, integrate, and save the data acquired from approximately 520 sensors in each test building. Measurements were taken with a time interval of 20 s. The 20 s values were then integrated over a time interval of 30 min and the minimum, maximum, and mean values were subsequently stored to a computer database. Analyses of the results indicated that temperatures within the buildings’ exterior walls are constantly changing and, that occasionally the flow of conduction heat is reversed (i.e. outside–inside) due to solar radiation. For accurate results of temperature distribution and the actual heat losses through building envelopes, none steady-state calculations are essential. Depending on the intensity of solar radiation and the material characteristics of the walls, temperature gradient at the inner surfaces of exterior walls may become milder compared to that of the outer surfaces. 相似文献
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遮阳板和内缩窗是我国南方建筑较常采用的一种遮阳形式,为研究这两种遮阳结构对建筑外窗太阳辐射的影响,计算了建筑东、南、西、北外墙上,采用遮阳板的内缩窗的太阳辐射能量。对太阳直射辐射采用投影相加法计算遮阳板和内缩墙面对建筑外窗的遮挡。计算表明:遮阳板和内缩窗可以明显减弱东、南、西侧外墙上窗户的太阳辐射,对北侧外墙窗户的遮阳作用较小。 相似文献
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Recently, windows with low-e double-glazing or heat-shading films often have been installed to the exterior surfaces of buildings to reduce the cooling load of the buildings. These windows specularly reflect solar radiation into pedestrian spaces. It has been pointed out that the increase in the incident solar radiation reflected at the windows degrades the thermal comfort levels of pedestrians. The installation of near-infrared rays retro-reflective film to window surfaces may both reduce the cooling load of the building and reduce the impacts on the thermal environment in outdoor spaces. Hence, it is expected that the installation of this film will counteract this problem and have positive effects. To assess the feasibility of installing retro-reflective materials to the exterior surfaces of the building walls and ground forming part of a city block, for improving the thermal environment in outdoor spaces, computational methods could serve as a powerful tool for analyzing the radiant environment in urban and building spaces. In this paper, a computational method is outlined for considering the directional reflections from the exterior surfaces of building walls and windows. The method is used to estimate the effects on the outdoor thermal comfort of pedestrians in the summer season. 相似文献
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广州地区办公建筑外围护结构的热工性能与节能分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
办公建筑的空调能耗是围护结构的温差传热、室内热扰、太阳辐射等因素动态综合作用的复杂结果。本文采用DeST软件对广州地区某办公建筑围护结构的各项节能措施的节能效果进行分析,结果表明:降低外窗的遮阳系数、外墙和屋顶的传热系数对减少建筑全年空调能耗和最大空调冷负荷是有利的,但降低窗的传热系数对减少建筑全年空调能耗和最大空调冷负荷不利。建议在办公建筑节能设计过程中,模拟计算全年能耗,确定能耗低且技术经济合理的方案,尤其要慎重考虑是否采用低传热系数的窗。 相似文献
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