附设间隙阻尼减震装置的高位隔震连体结构振动台试验研究

针对高位隔震连体结构,提出附设间隙阻尼装置控制罕遇地震下连廊隔震支座位移。通过设计高宽比为6的双塔连体结构试验模型,对连廊与塔楼顶部仅采用隔震连接以及隔震与间隙阻尼装置连接的两类结构体系进行模拟地震振动台试验研究。选取远场El Centro波和速度脉冲效应明显的近场Chi-Chi波、Kobe波作为地震激励。通过测量隔震支座水平位移、间隙阻尼装置力与位移响应、连廊结构加速度响应以及塔楼结构加速度和位移响应,分析罕遇地震与极罕遇地震作用下间隙阻尼装置对隔震支座位移的控制效果,以及对连廊结构和下部塔楼结构抗震性能的影响。结果表明：间隙阻尼装置可以有效地控制罕遇和极罕遇地震作用下隔震支座位移,8度罕遇地震作用下,隔震支座最大位移减小59.61%;间隙阻尼装置传导轴与限位环产生剧烈冲击,引起高频振动能量进入连廊结构,导致连廊水平向加速度响应有所放大,而竖向加速度响应显著;远场地震作用下,间隙阻尼装置的启动对塔楼结构楼层加速度和层间位移角有所放大,但未造成不利影响;在速度脉冲周期与整体结构基本自振周期接近的近场地震作用下,当地震波峰值加速度为0.40g时,附设间隙阻尼装置使塔楼结构楼层峰值加速度和...     

三角形钢板加劲阻尼减震装置设计方法研究

阐述三角形钢板加劲阻尼减震装置(TADAS)的基本力学性质、工作原理、相应的加劲阻尼结构和构件的基本设计流程及设计要点,并结合具体的工程实例,介绍三角形钢板加劲阻尼减震装置应用于高层钢框架支撑结构的减震设计方法和过程,对设计结果进行分析比较和总结。结果表明,三角形钢板加劲阻尼减震装置(TADAS)在结构中的合理设置,对有效提高整体结构系统等效阻尼比和结构系统耐震能力,耗散整体结构系统地震能和降低结构地震响应,起到显著的效果,可供同类结构减震设计参考。     

框架-阻尼框筒结构体系在超高层建筑中的应用研究

在框架-核心筒结构体系的基础上,提出了一种新型结构体系"框架-阻尼框筒结构体系"。对某200m高、采用框架-阻尼框筒结构体系的超高层建筑进行了多遇地震下的设计,通过周期和层间位移角对比,得出钢板阻尼墙在多遇地震下可以提供所需刚度。进一步对该结构进行罕遇地震下的弹塑性时程分析,通过对基底剪力下降程度、顶部位移对比、层间位移角、框架损伤、钢板阻尼墙耗能和有害层间变形进行分析,表明钢板阻尼墙在罕遇地震下能够充分耗能,降低结构响应,保护框架构件。最后,研究了钢板阻尼墙屈服位移对结构层间变形和钢板阻尼墙耗能占比的影响。初步论证了框架-阻尼框筒结构体系可应用于200m左右的超高层建筑中,合理设计下具有优异的抗震性能,为超高层建筑的结构体系选择提供了一种新的方案。     

加劲阻尼减震结构的弹塑性地震反应分析

在所建议的加劲阻尼器弹塑性恢复力模型的基础上 ,推导在空间杆系 -层模型中加劲阻尼装置的单元刚度矩阵和加劲阻尼减震结构的动力分析方法。据此在HBTA程序中实现对加劲阻尼减震结构的弹塑性地震反应分析 ,并通过算例考察加劲阻尼装置对建筑结构的减震效果。     

带位移放大装置新型阻尼墙结构的地震响应分析

基于黏滞阻尼器的耗能原理,针对地震时阻尼器位移小的特点,提出一种可提高阻尼器耗能能力的位移放大装置,并在此基础上设计出一种黏滞阻尼墙。针对黏滞阻尼器力学模型,增设放大装置后,得到带放大系数的黏滞阻尼墙力学模型。以12层框架为例,利用有限元软件分析比较带放大装置的黏滞阻尼墙减震结构与常规阻尼器建筑结构的减震效率。在加速度、层间位移、层间剪力等地震响应的控制效果方面,基于文中提案采用放大装置的减震结构更为有效。     

耦联结构体系的半主动控制

基于变刚度和变阻尼的原理提出两种用于耦联结构体系的半主动控制装置,在建立这两种半主动控制时耦联结构振动控制体系的运动方程的同时,还提出一种新的广泛适用于一般开关控制型半主动控制系统的控制算法,推导出两种半主动控制的开关控制律,并对结构的动力参数对控制效果的影响规律进行研究。为检验所提出的两种半主动控制装置及新半主动控制算法的有效性,针对不同的算例进行了计算机仿真分析。结果表明,对两相邻结构进行控制是必要的和有效的,所提出的两种半主动控制装置与控制算法是非常有效的,可显著增强耦联结构体系的安全性与舒适性。与变刚度控制相比,变刚度变阻尼控制由于在装置中附加了阻尼,可以取得比变刚度控制更为有效的减震控制效果。     

PVDD装置隔震新体系设计方法与应用研究

被动变阻尼装置(PVDD)可输出可变阻尼力且不需外部能源,在被动变阻尼装置的试验研究基础上。将PVDD与铅芯橡胶支座组合成新型隔震体系,数值计算分析得到影响组合隔震新体系控制效果的因素。借助LQR控制算法对装置阻尼力的输出方案进行研究,实现对结构上部结构加速度和底层隔震层位移响应同时进行控制。在此基础上,针对该隔震新体系提出设计方法和流程,通过设计实例验证该设计方法的有效性。所做研究为组合隔震新体系结构振动控制的工程应用提供了研究基础。     

非比例滞变阻尼线性体系的反应谱CCQC法

基于比例阻尼体系建立的振型分解反应谱法应用广泛,是各国规范常用的结构地震作用效应计算方法,直接将其用于非比例阻尼体系(如设置耗能阻尼器的结构)是不合理的。为拓展规范反应谱法的适用范围,在基于复阻尼模型的滞变阻尼模型复模态叠加法基础上,该文结合虚拟激励法和平稳随机理论,推导基于滞变阻尼模型的反应谱CCQC(complex complete quadratic combination)法表达式,适用于非比例阻尼混合结构的地震作用效应计算。算例分析表明：与基于分块Rayleigh阻尼模型的反应谱CCQC法相比,基于滞变阻尼模型的反应谱CCQC法仅依赖于材料阻尼参数和结构刚度,计算结果唯一,不受振型组合的影响;与基于等效阻尼比的反应谱CQC法相比,基于滞变阻尼模型的反应谱CCQC法可有效考虑结构的非比例特性,适用于非比例特性显著的混合结构。     

结构主动变刚度·阻尼控制系统及其优化设计

介绍了一种新型开关控制型的半主动控制系统——主动变刚度.阻尼(AVS.D)系统的装置组成及其减振控制机理,阐述了该系统所特有的反应放大原理,建立了该控制系统的运动方程。基于瞬时最优控制的思想推导了该控制系统的开关控制律。为了充分发挥该控制装置的作用,优化了主动变刚度.阻尼装置的参数设计,并基于遗传算法研究了主动变刚度.阻尼装置在结构中的空间位置优化方法。计算机仿真分析结果显示,主动变刚度.阻尼系统是一种性能非常优越的半主动控制系统,所推导的瞬时最优半主动开关控制律是很有效的。对不同数目的主动变刚度.阻尼装置进行位置优化,结果表明,所提出的位置优化方法对于优化多个主动变刚度.阻尼装置的位置是相当高效的,可以最大限度地发挥该控制系统的性能。     

附加粘弹性阻尼墙结构设计应用

利用结构设计软件Etabs对某部委全钢结构的办公大楼进行分析。原结构采用框架偏心支撑体系,有控结构则以粘弹性阻尼墙取代部分支撑,对2种结构体系在各种地震加速度峰值作用下的各项性能指标进行分析比较,得出结论：粘弹性阻尼墙可以有效减小结构的地震反应,提高了结构的抗震性能,且满足规范的各项要求。     

Optimal design and seismic performance of Multi‐Tuned Mass Damper Inerter (MTMDI) applied to adjacent high‐rise buildings

The tuned mass damper inerter (TMDI) is an enhanced variant of the tuned mass damper (TMD) that benefits from the mass‐amplification effect of the inerter. Here, a multi‐TMDI (MTMDI) system (comprising more than one TMDI) linking two adjacent high‐rise buildings is presented as an unconventional seismic protection strategy. The relative acceleration response of the adjacent structures triggers large reaction forces of the inerter devices in the MTMDI, which in turn efficiently improve the seismic performance of the two buildings. By addressing a real project of two adjacent high‐rise buildings connected by two corridors equipped with the proposed MTMDI system, the displacement‐, interstory drift‐, and acceleration‐based parametric optimizations are separately performed by employing Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA‐II) under 44 ground motions from the FEMA P695 far‐field record set. It is found that the frequency content of the seismic input has strong impact on the MTMDI mitigation performance. Adopting realistic mass ratio constraints, the optimally designed MTMDI outperforms both conventional MTMD and single TMDI in acceleration control, while it is not much effective in mitigating the displacement response due to the highly flexible nature of the high‐rise buildings, in contrast to other literature studies generally focused on low‐to‐medium rise buildings.     

地震作用下相邻建筑结构碰撞反应分析

地震作用下,相邻建筑结构由于不同动力特性的差异,并且没有足够的间距,容易遭受碰撞破坏。相邻结构间的碰撞作用是导致结构破坏甚至倒塌的重要原因之一。将相邻结构简化为多自由度楼层处碰撞模型,采用简化的Hertz-Damp模型,以相邻15层与8层钢筋混凝土框架结构为例,研究结构在地震作用下的碰撞反应,分析两相邻结构间不设置防震缝及按规范设置防震缝时,在不同加速度峰值情况下,碰撞作用对结构层间位移角和层间剪力的影响。研究表明,碰撞作用显著放大较高结构碰撞层及以上楼层的层间位移角和剪力,对较低结构具有总体抑制作用,但对顶层可能会产生不利影响;按规范设置防震缝时,7度设防结构在遭受7度罕遇地震时无碰撞发生,但遭遇8度和9度罕遇地震时发生碰撞,碰撞作用对结构反映的抑制作用比结构间无防震缝时明显降低。     

Smart outrigger damper system for response reduction of tall buildings subjected to wind and seismic excitations

The outrigger damper system has recently been proposed to reduce the dynamic response of tall buildings subjected to lateral loads. Previous studies have shown that the outrigger damper system could effectively increase the response reduction capacity of tall buildings. The outrigger damper system was used not only for a response reduction of tall buildings, but also for adjusting the differential column shortening. When an outrigger damper system is designed optimally for wind or earthquake loads, it shows good control performance against each target excitation. On the other hand, the outrigger damper system designed for the wind load cannot effectively control the seismic responses and vice versa. This study examined the control performance of a smart outrigger damper system for reducing both the wind and seismic responses. The smart outrigger damper system was comprised of magnetorheological dampers. A fuzzy logic control algorithm, which was optimized by a multi-objective genetic algorithm, was used to control the smart outrigger damper system. Numerical analysis showed that the smart outrigger damper system could provide superior control performance for the reduction of both wind and earthquake responses compared to the general outrigger system and passive outrigger damper system.     

大层高框架结构模型振动台试验

某些大型公共建筑进行抗震加固时由于建筑使用功能的要求难以采用传统加固方式,采用消能减震加固时,可能仅在部分楼层增设阻尼器。主要针对某框架结构的大型公共建筑仅在薄弱层增设黏滞阻尼器进行模型振动台试验,并对模型在地震作用下的地震响应及动力特性进行对比研究。试验结果表明,在薄弱层增设黏滞阻尼器可有效地控制、降低结构的地震反应。     

单重和多重调谐质量惯容阻尼器控制连体超高层建筑风振响应比较研究

连体超高层建筑因存在强烈的气动干扰,在强风下可能会出现大幅相对振动,调谐质量惯容阻尼器(TMDI)是一种振动控制装置,其惯容器两端的相对加速度较大时,TMDI振动控制效果较好。结合两者各自的特点提出了多重调谐质量惯容阻尼器(MTMDI)控制连体超高层建筑的风振响应,两个TMDI分别控制两栋建筑各自的一阶自振频率。首先建立了MTMDI控制连体超高层建筑风致响应数学模型,然后开展了某连体超高层建筑的刚性模型同步测压风洞试验;最后,基于该数学模型和测压风洞试验结果分析了该连体建筑在分别安装两个和单个TMDI对风振加速度和位移响应的减振效果。研究结果表明：虽然两个TMDI的总质量和总惯容量比单个TMDI相应的参数小,但两者的减振效果基本相同,两者都能有效地减小两栋建筑在各个风向角下的加速度响应,如在270°风向角下,安装TMDI后两栋建筑顶层加速度响应分别减小了37.5%和50.0%;对于位移响应,两者都可以减小高栋建筑的响应,其对低栋建筑在少部分风向角下的减振效果并不理想。     

一种剪切型铅阻尼器及其在某火电厂房中的应用

首先介绍了一种新型剪切型铅阻尼器,该剪切型铅阻尼器构造简单、制作成本低,性能试验表明,该阻尼器能够提供与常规剪切型铅阻尼器相近的滞回曲线。然后介绍了该剪切型铅阻尼器在某火电厂房减震控制中的应用,在小震作用下,阻尼器能够为结构提供2%附加阻尼比,非线性时程分析对此进行了验证,在大震作用下,通过Pushover分析表明,安装阻尼器后的结构具有很好的抗震性能,在震后可继续使用。     

Optimal placement of metallic dampers for seismic upgrading of multistory buildings based on a cost‐effectiveness criterion using genetic algorithm

In this paper, an optimal placement methodology for metallic dampers is proposed to upgrade the seismic performance of multistory buildings. Most previous studies on optimal damper placement (ODP) problems have been focused on minimizing the seismic responses, whereas the present study aims to utilize the minimum total cost of dampers to achieve a prescribed level of seismic response. To this end, the optimization objective is constructed based on a cost‐effectiveness criterion, and the optimization constraint is defined based on a desired level of seismic response. An improved integer‐coded genetic algorithm is presented for solving the ODP problem. A 16‐story shear building is illustrated to verify the proposed optimal placement methodology. It is shown that the proposed methodology can be used to achieve the predetermined performance level while minimizing the retrofitting cost. Moreover, different algorithms, objective functions, and levels of accuracy on the optimization are also compared. Finally, a two‐step optimization approach is proposed for achieving better placement schemes with less computational efforts.     

Seismic design and assessment for midrise buildings equipped with damped-outrigger system

The damped-outrigger system has been proposed to improve the performance of conventional outrigger systems in controlling the structural seismic response by increasing the damping and stiffness. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the effectiveness of using damped-outrigger systems in midrise buildings and provide engineers with a comparison between conventional structural systems such as moment resisting frame (MRF) and buckling-restrained braced frame (BRBF) in proposing the most suitable structural system. In this study, the buckling-restrained brace and viscous damper are adopted as the energy dissipation devices in the damped-outrigger system. A total of 48 midrise numerical models with various building heights and structural systems are analyzed using nonlinear response history analysis and incremental dynamic analyses. The analysis results show that the midrise buildings equipped with a damped-outrigger system with either viscous damper or buckling-restrained brace (BRB) can reach similar and even better seismic performance when compared with the BRBF; it also reduces the structural responses by around 30% for the maximum roof drift and acceleration responses when compared with MRF. The analysis results could provide a reference for structural engineers when selecting suitable lateral force resisting systems for midrise buildings.     

我国高度250 m以上超高层建筑结构现状与分析进展

我国250 m以上超高层建筑数量日益增加，超高层建筑由长三角、珠三角地区逐渐向全国其他区域扩展，其中环渤海地区以及部分二线城市中超高层建筑发展迅速。对不同高度的超高层建筑，其常用的结构体系为：框架-核心筒、框筒-核心筒、巨型框架-核心筒和巨型框架-核心筒-巨型支撑结构。分析表明：随着结构高度的增加，巨型框架和巨型支撑应用较多，混合结构在超高层建筑结构中广泛应用。通过实际工程造价分析，研究了建筑高度、抗震设防烈度、结构材料对超高层建筑工程造价的影响。分别从超高层建筑形态空气动力学优化和长周期响应方面，阐明了超高层建筑结构分析、设计中的关键问题。采用黏滞阻尼器可有效降低超高层建筑结构地震响应，对黏滞阻尼器在实际超高层建筑中的应用现状及发展前景进行了简要介绍。     

Reducing seismic vibrations of typical steel buildings using new multi-level yielding pipe damper

Multi-level Pipe Damper (MPD) recently proposed by the authors is a passive control device to reduce the seismic vibration. In this research, seismic response of steel structures equipped with MPD is studied. To evaluate the effects of the proposed damper, typical 5, 10 and 15-story steel buildings are modeled and their seismic responses under seven earthquake excitations are investigated using dynamic nonlinear time-history analyses by SAP2000 program. Results show the effectiveness of MPD to altering the seismic response of the structures such that maximum displacement reduced by average of 54, 52, and 19% and maximum roof acceleration decreased by average of 16, 14, and 11% compared to those of the bare frames for the 5, 10 and 15-story buildings respectively. Moreover, using MPD decreases the structural and nonstructural damages noticeably by limiting the inter story drifts because of the secondary hardening branch of force-displacement by average of 53, 54, and 11% for the 5, 10 and 15-story buildings respectively proving the effectiveness of the proposed damper as a retrofitting technique for structures at high seismic risk areas.