ABR反应器的水力特征研究

采用LiCl示踪法对厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)在不同奈件下的水力特征进行了研究。结果表明，ABR是一种各格室趋于CSTR流态而整体趋于推流流态的复合流态反应器。进水有机物浓度及HR丁对水力流态均有影响，而前者为主要因素。进水有机物浓度越高则各格室的混合流态越好。ABR可在较低的上升流速下运行。当各格室去除有机物量相同时，HR丁越长则其混合流态越趋于CSTR流态。进水底物浓度较低时，反应器的分格数宜控制在3～4格；进水底物浓度较高时，宜将分格数控制在6～8格。     

ABR处理山梨酸废水的试验研究

指出厌氧折流板反应器（ABR）是一种新型、高效的厌氧生物反应器，以山梨酸工业废水为基质，对ABR反应器的启动及颗粒污泥的培养情况进行了研究，分析了ABR反应器的启动过程及运行参数研究与控制。     

组合式折流板反应器启动程序的研究

介绍一种组合式折流板反应器(CBR),由缺氧区—厌氧区—好氧区组成。好氧区部分出水回流至缺氧区进行脱氮,实现了A2/O与折流板反应器的嵌套,在保留厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)优点的同时,强化了COD去除率和脱氮效果。采用模拟污水,通过先启动厌氧区,再启动好氧区,最后启动缺氧区的方式成功启动了CBR,获得了启动过程中COD去除率、pH、产气量、TN等参数随时间的变化规律。反应器启动后COD去除率可以稳定达到90%以上,总氮去除率可以达到80%以上。电镜扫描结果表明,厌氧区各格室颗粒污泥具有明显的相分离特性。     

负荷变化对ABR运行效果的影响研究

利用厌氧折流板反应器(ABR) 处理屠宰废水,研究了负荷变化对厌氧折流板反应器（ABR）运行效果的影响。研究结果表明：厌氧折流板反应器对负荷变化的适应能力较强,ABR反应器的特殊结构为其提供了良好的抗负荷变化的能力。当维持进水COD浓度在2 500~3 000 mg/L范围之内,改变水力负荷,使HRT由27.5 h下降到15 h,COD去除率下降不超过5％;当维持反应器HRT为20 h时,改变有机负荷,使进水COD浓度由2 500 mg/L提高到4 800 mg/L,在负荷改变后的第二天,COD去除率仅降     

折流式厌氧反应器处理甜菜制糖废水的中试研究

进行了折流式厌氧反应器（ABR）常温下处理制糖废水的中试研究。结果表明，在温度为19～21℃、进水COD为2000～9000mg／L、厌氧段HRT为24～60h的条件下，ABR反应器对COD的平均去除率〉70％。ABR工艺能够有效处理制糖废水，具有启动迅速、运行稳定、处理效率高、能耗低等优点。     

pH值和碱度对厌氧折流板反应器运行的影响

为考察pH值和碱度对厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)高效、稳定运行的影响,采用一个有效容积为28 L的4格室ABR反应器处理豆制品废水。ABR反应器运行72 d的结果表明:在启动阶段的前期外加碱液调节进水pH值,使pH值和碱度分别基本稳定在6.0～7.0和1 000～1 300mg/L,运行效果良好。启动45 d时,停止外加碱液对进水pH值进行调节,系统仍稳定运行,但启动阶段出现丙酸浓度缓慢上升现象。在反应器稳定运行阶段,各格室的pH值分别为(4.5～6.0)、(5.5～6.8)、(6.8～7.2)、(7.1～7.3),碱度基本处在1 000～1 400 mg/L,反应器出水的发酵产物含量<100 mg/L(乙酸占90%以上),对COD的去除率保持在90%以上。     

ABR水解/生物接触氧化处理印染废水

采用厌氧折流板反应器（ABR）水解／生物接触氧化法处理印染废水，在ABR的HRT为12h的条件下测定了ABR各格室及生物接触氧化池出水的色度、COD。结果表明，ABR出水色度达到了纺织染整行业一级排放标准，最终出水COD达到了行业二级排放标准。     

厌氧颗粒污泥的性质及其在污水处理中的应用

简要介绍了厌氧颗粒污泥的形成机理以及基本物理、化学和生物特性。简述了厌氧颗粒污泥在上流式厌氧污泥床、厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床、内循环反应器和厌氧折流板反应器等污水处理反应器中的应用和处理参数。     

厌氧折流板反应器处理精细化工废水的试验研究

采用厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)处理生产合成医药及农药中间体、光固化引发剂等精细化学品过程中产生的混合废水,结果表明,在ABR反应器的上流室中悬挂纤维填料可以防止污泥流失并提高ABR反应器的处理效率;当混合废水的COD＜7 600 mg/L时其具有良好的厌氧生化处理活性,在ABR反应器中能形成分级厌氧菌落.研究还发现该废水的碱度不足,需要额外投加2～2.5 g/L的Na2CO3或NaHCO3,以防止挥发性脂肪酸在前两个格室内积累;在水力停留时间为48 h、容积负荷为1.5～3.8 kgCOD/(m3·d)的条件下,ABR反应器对COD的去除率可达50%.     

ABR作为产甲烷相反应器处理食品废水的中试研究

采用厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)作为产甲烷相反应器,开展了处理食品废水的中试研究。分析了调试运行期间的控制因素,考察了反应器的启动运行情况、出现酸化后的调节恢复方法以及稳定运行阶段的除污效果。实际运行表明:当以ABR作为产甲烷相反应器时,对食品废水具有较好的处理效果,对COD、SS、色度的去除率分别为(64%～81%)、(49%～77%)、(30%～69%);ABR反应器出现较长时间的酸化后,可以通过投加化学药剂、减小处理量、添加新鲜污泥等手段进行恢复,在保证适宜的碱度、VFA、pH条件下,能完全恢复反应器的处理性能。     

听力学检查在糖尿病性听力损害中的应用

目的：探讨畸变产物耳声反射（DPOAE）和脑干听觉诱发电位（ABR）检查对于研究糖尿病性听力损害的可行性，并分析糖尿病患者听力损害的相关因素。方法测定52例2型糖尿病患者的 DPOAE 和 ABR 结果，并应用多因素 Logistic 回归分析探讨影响听力的危险因素。结果DPOAE 检查异常34例（占65．4％），ABR 异常27例（占51．9％）；Logistic 回归分析显示，病程、FBG、TC、TG 是糖尿病听力损害的危险性因素。结论 DPOAE 和ABR 检查可早期发现糖尿病患者的听力损害，门诊积极的听力学检查有助于糖尿病听力损害的早期诊断和干预治疗。     

Methanogenic granular sludge as a seed in an anaerobic baffled reactor

This paper reviews the importance of phase separation in anaerobic wastewater treatment, characteristics of anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR), properties of anaerobic granular sludge, granulation process and advantages of granular sludge over nongranular sludge. The performance data of ABR and its modified configurations with regard to carbonaceous matter removal by using various seed sludges are compared. It is concluded that enhanced wastewater treatment efficiencies can be achieved with methanogenic granular seed sludge in an ABR because of a number of advantages associated with granular biomass over nongranular aggregates.     

ABR处理糖蜜酒精模拟废水的启动试验

为避免糖蜜酒精废水厌氧处理中硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)对产甲烷菌(MPB)的基质竞争性抑制,并消除硫化物对MPB的毒性作用,在30℃下,利用厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)对糖蜜酒精模拟废水进行了历时92d的启动试验。结果表明,采用低COD和低SO42-负荷启动,是ABR反应器成功启动的关键;成功启动后,各隔室出现明显的相分离(产酸还原硫酸盐相和生成硫单质产甲烷相)特征,说明在微氧/厌氧环境中,酸化菌(AB)可与SRB共存,无色硫细菌(CSB)可与MPB共存;在反应器的第4隔室生成大量单质硫颗粒,可以达到回收利用单质硫的目的。可见,采用ABR处理糖蜜酒精废水是完全可行的。     

ABR中厌氧颗粒污泥的微生物学特性

了解厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)内厌氧颗粒污泥的微生态结构对于颗粒污泥的培养具有指导意义，为此对ABR各隔室中厌氧颗粒污泥的微生物组成进行扫描电镜观察，并测定了其在不同基质中的比产甲烷活性和辅酶F420的含量。结果表明，ABR各隔室颗粒污泥的微生物组成差异较大，1^#隔室颗粒污泥表面以产酸菌为主，内部以产甲烷杆菌为主，2^#、3^#隔室的颗粒污泥中没有明显的优势菌，菌群多样复杂，4^#隔室颗粒污泥中的优势菌是索氏甲烷菌；1^#隔室颗粒污泥利用葡萄糖、乙酸的产甲烷活性较低，利用丙酸的产甲烷活性最高，2^#、3^#、4^#隔室颗粒污泥利用葡萄糖、乙酸的产甲烷活性较高，利用丙酸的产甲烷活性较低。ABR中颗粒污泥的辅酶F420沿隔室逐渐升高，与产甲烷活性的变化一致，也就是说F420可以反映颗粒污泥的产甲烷活性。     

The effect of polymer addition on granulation in an anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR). Part I: process performance

The stability and performance of an anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) treating an ice-cream wastewater at several organic loading rates have been investigated. Specifically, it was determined whether an ABR would promote phase separation and if a polymer additive was capable of enhancing granule formation in an ABR. In order to achieve these goals, two ABRs, having identical dimensions and configurations, were used to study the above objectives using a synthetic ice-cream wastewater. The ABR proved to be an efficient reactor configuration for the treatment of a high-strength synthetic ice-cream wastewater. An organic loading rate of around 15 kg CODm(-3) d(-1) was treated with a 99% COD removal efficiency. From the jar test and inhibition assay, it was concluded that Kymene SLX-2 was the most effective and least inhibitory polymer tested. The methane yield was higher in the polymer-amended reactor compared to the control reactor. In addition, polymer addition resulted in a considerably higher degree of biomass retention and lower solids washout from the ABR. Consequently, it demonstrated that there was a considerable potential for sludge conditioning in ABRs by facilitating better biomass retention within the reactor which in turn led to better process performance. Granulation was achieved in both ABRs within 3 months. However, the granules from the polymer-amended reactor appeared earlier and were generally larger and more compact, although this was not quantified in detail during the present study. The main advantage of using an ABR comes from its compartmentalised structure. The first compartment of an ABR may act as a buffer zone to all toxic and inhibitory material in the feed thus allowing the later compartments to be loaded with a relatively harmless, balanced and mostly acidified influent. In this respect, the latter compartments would be more likely to support active populations of the relatively sensitive methanogenic bacteria and partly explains why the best granules and the highest methane yield were obtained in Compartment 2. It is unlikely that a complete separation of phases (acidogenic and methanogenic) occurred within the ABRs since methane production was observed in all compartments, although this was low (approximately 40% of all gas composition) in Compartment 1, becoming higher (approximately 70%) in the following compartments.     

The effect of polymer addition on granulation in an anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR). Part II: compartmentalization of bacterial populations

The microbial ecology of wastewater treatment plants remains one of the least understood aspects in both aerobic and anaerobic systems, despite the fact that both processes are ultimately dependent on an active biomass for operational efficiency. Ultimately, future developments in anaerobic treatment processes will require a much greater understanding of the fundamental relationships between bacterial populations within the biomass if optimum process efficiency is to be fully realised. This study assesses the influence of polymer addition on granule formation within an ABR and compares the ecology of the biomass in each compartment of two ABRs treating ice-cream wastewater. To our knowledge, this is the first reported characterisation of the microbiology of acidogenic and methanogenic bacteria in the individual compartments of an ABR. The polymer-amended reactor contained sludge that had a greater density of anaerobic bacteria and larger and denser granules than the control reactor, indicating that polymer addition possibly contributed to the retention of active biomass within the ABR. The average fraction of autofluorescent methanogens was lower, with 1.5% being in the initial compartments of the ABRs, compared to the last compartment which had 15%, showing that each compartment of an ABR had a unique microbial composition. Partial spatial separation of anaerobic bacteria appeared to have taken place with acidogenic bacteria predominating in the initial compartments and methanogenic bacteria predominating in the final compartments. Scanning electron micrographs have revealed that the dominant bacteria in the initial compartments of the ABR (Compartments 1 and 2) were those which could consume H2/CO2 and formate as substrate, i.e. Methanobrevibacter, Methanococcus, with populations shifting to acetate utilisers, i.e. Methanosaeta, Methanosarcina, in the final compartments (Compartments 3 and 4). In addition, there appeared to be a stratified structure to the bacterial genera present within the granules.     

ABR-BAF工艺处理采油废水的中试研究

进行了利用折流板厌氧反应器（ABR）-曝气生物滤池（BAF）工艺处理江汉油田马-25污水处理站采油废水的中试研究，主要考察了ABR的除油效果、提高废水可生化性的作用以及BAF的运行参数、处理效果等。研究结果表明：当废水流量为0．3m^3／h时，ABR反应器对油的去除率平均为83．5％，对COD的去除率平均为40．8％，出水BOD，／COD值提高了24．8％。ABR一方面去除了采油废水中的大部分油，另一方面提高了采油废水的可生化性。当BAF的水力负荷为0．6m／h、进水COD平均为203．5mg／L时，出水COD平均为85．7mg／L，平均去除率为57．9％；对SS的去除率为82．7％。组合工艺对油、COD、BOD，和SS的总去除率分别为96．1％-96．9％、58．2％～75．1％、80．0％-93．1％和80．7％～87．1％。扫描电镜（SEM）观察结果显示：生物膜结构紧密，并且观察到裂口虫，生物相非常丰富。ABR-BAF工艺能够很好地处理采油废水，出水水质满足污水二级排放标准。