铁岭市城区集中供热热力网可行性研究报告

结合铁岭市现有采暖热负荷和近期发展热负荷,利用铁岭发电厂现有2台300MW纯凝汽发电机组改造成供热机组及其新区调峰锅炉房,进行热电联产集中供热,以符合国家中长期节能规划及“节能、减排”的政策。     

多热源联网供热系统优化运行方案分析

以东北某多热源联网供热系统为例,对多热源联网供热系统的优化运行方案进行了分析.从节能角度分析,当热负荷小于161.2 MW时,采用350 MW抽凝机组作为主热源供热;当热负荷大于等于161.2 MW时,采用200 MW光轴机组作为主热源供热,且首先采用350 MW抽凝机组作为调峰热源补充供热,其次采用200 MW抽凝机...     

基于K-means聚类的热计量用户负荷特性及行为节能分析

采暖建筑进行热计量改造后,用户可以根据热需求进行室内温度控制和调节,由于用户设定室内温度不同,从而形成不同的热负荷特性。根据热计量用户用热负荷作为分析依据,通过采集热用户室内温度、设定温度、耗热量、开启及断开时间等数据,采用K-means算法对数据进行聚类,以此获取热计量用户负荷特性。利用聚类结果及居住位置对热用户的行为节能进行分析,得出不同居住位置用户室温、设定温度以及热负荷规律,为用户按需用热、热力公司按需供热提供参考,为合理地开展采暖建筑节能起到促进作用。     

供暖热负荷廷时曲线及其应用

供暖热负荷随室外温度而变化。供暖期热负荷延时曲线描写室外温度和供暖延续时间的关系,表征供暖热负荷随延续时间的变化。在供热系统的设计和运行中,可应用该曲线确定年供热量,对不同热源设备的供热量合理进行利用和分配。是供热技术经济分析及系统优化计算的必不可少的组成部分。     

分布式变频调节系统中泵的选择和应用

1、概述 太原市集中供热(一电)工程自1994年11月开始投入运行以来,已形成供热能力646.4MW,供热面积1010万平方米的规模。 但随着供热范围内各类建筑物密度的增加,热负荷的增大,城市规划的调整,使热力站的供热负荷和位置也随之发生很大的变化,造成管网的水力工况失调,局部站点的资用压头不足。太原市热力公司经过对不同改     

集中采暖分户热计量设计热负荷附加率和相关因素的分析

合理的确定集中采暖分户热计量设计热负荷附加率是计算房间热负荷的重要环节。在不同位置、不同楼层的情况下,对房间的户(室)间传热量在总耗热量中所占的比例进行了计算。结果表明,影响设计热负荷附加率的因素有外围护结构传热面积及传热系数,内围护结构传热面积及传热系数。     

变频器在换热站供暖设备上的应用

利用变频技术和自控技术对部分换热站供暖换热系统进行改造,新装换热站融入其技术,达到节能降耗改善系统性能,调节热负荷的目的。     

北方地区人防工程空调通风方案的经济性研究

本课题具体的研究方法是根据设定的边界条件利用深埋、浅埋和湿负荷的计算方法得到相同地区在不同埋深、当量体型下热湿负荷的具体数值,并利用焓湿图对热湿负荷进行空气处理分析得出结论。     

铝合金燃烧器液化石油气燃气灶性能实测

针对液化石油气家用燃气灶,提出将铸铁材质的引射器、燃烧器头部改用铝合金材质。对采用两种材质燃气灶的关键位置温升、热效率、折算热负荷进行了实测计算。采用铝合金材质时,引射器、燃烧器头部温升较高,但其他部位的温升未受影响,未对燃气灶的热效率、折算热负荷产生不良影响,折算热负荷仅有小幅下降。     

300MW机组低氮燃烧器改造后燃烧控制措施浅析

某300MW电厂四角切圆燃烧方式进行烟气脱硝改造后,在控制氮氧化物生成、燃烧稳定与安全性以及汽温偏低等方面以实验数据为依托进行了分析。结果表明:分级低氮燃烧方式与燃烧的稳定性是相对的;上层SOFA风的开度对氮氧化物排放的控制及对消除热偏差有显著效果;中低负荷下,低氮燃烧造成炉渣含碳量增加;中低负荷低氮燃烧前屏易超温,主再热汽温偏低,热偏差大。     

区域供冷供热冷热源方案的寿命周期成本分析

本文简要介绍了寿命周期成本的概念和寿命周期成本的分析方法，并利用该方法对大连市星海湾区域供冷供热项目的冷热源设计方案进行评价。分析表明，在大连地区采用溴化锂吸收式制冷机加热电厂方案的寿命周期成本最低，此外利用海水源热泵方案在商业电价下的寿命周期成本最高而在民用电价下的寿命周期成本比较低，考虑海水源热泵方案符合国家的可再生能源利用政策，本项目选定海水源热泵方案。     

Impacts of airtightening retrofits on ventilation rates and energy consumption in a manufactured home

A retrofit study was conducted in an unoccupied manufactured house to investigate the impacts of airtightening on ventilation rates and energy consumption. This paper describes the retrofits and the results of the pre- and post-retrofit assessment of building airtightness, ventilation, and energy use. Building envelope and air distribution systems airtightness were measured using fan pressurization. Air change rates were measured continuously using the tracer gas decay technique. Energy consumption associated with heating and cooling was monitored through measurement of gas consumption by the forced-air furnace for heating and electricity use by the air-conditioning system for cooling. The results of the study show that the retrofits reduced building envelope leakage by about 18% and duct leakage by about 80%. The reduction in the house infiltration rates depended on weather conditions and the manner in which the heating and cooling system was controlled, but in general these rates were reduced by about one third. The energy consumption of the house for heating and cooling was reduced by only about 10%, which is relatively small but not totally unexpected given that infiltration only accounts for a portion of the heating and cooling load.     

寒冷地区建筑负荷对围护结构热工参数的敏感性分析

为研究建筑围护结构属性对同一热工分区不同城市节能建筑负荷影响的敏感性,以同属于寒冷地区的兰州和郑州为研究目标所在城市,在节能65％的前提下将4种外墙、3种外窗和4种窗墙比进行组合得到了48个可能的办公建筑围护结构计算房间。分别计算了这些房间的冷负荷、热负荷和全年总负荷并分析了各热工参数对负荷的影响。通过与基准房间负荷对比,获得了具有不同热工性能的计算房间的节能率及最优的办公建筑围护结构。     

区域供热锅炉多联产改造及其节能分析——以天津空港经济区为例

对4台75t/h的蒸汽锅炉分别进行了热电联产改造(增加2台7MW的背压汽轮发电机组)和热冷联产改造(增加溴化锂吸收式制冷机组)的节能分析,建议进行热电冷三联产改造。     

遮阳系数对供暖与空调能耗影响差异的逐时解析

以中国福州为例,从当地逐时气象数据入手,分析了建筑空调负荷及供暖负荷的所有时刻对应的逐时太阳辐射,用特征温度法研究当遮阳系数减小时各时刻建筑的空调与供暖能耗及相对变化(节能率)情况。研究发现,由于冬季有太阳辐射各时刻的供暖能耗相对于无太阳辐射各时刻能耗比例很小,故遮阳措施对供暖总能耗的影响不显著,从而证明DOE-2关于冬季遮阳系数减小对供暖能耗影响的结论值得商榷;由于夏季有太阳辐射各时刻空调能耗远大于无太阳辐射各时刻空调能耗,故遮阳措施对空调总能耗及节能率的影响非常显著,DOP2软件与特征温度法的结果是正确的;通过对福州全年各时刻空调供暖能耗、建筑负荷及节能率进行解析,揭示了看起来很分散的各时刻能耗及节能率差异数据总体上遵循的某种共性规律,供同行参考。     

Cooling and heating loads in residential buildings in Jordan

Cooling and heating load calculations for air-conditioned and heated buildings have been calculated for three different cities in Jordan, representing three climatic regions; namely, Irbid, Amman and Aqaba. To analyze the insulation effect of buildings, for each region four combinations of wall and ceiling insulation were considered: no insulation; only wall insulated; only ceiling insulated; and both ceiling and wall insulated. The results showed that the average monthly heating load was reduced when only walls were insulated; however, this has a negative impact on the average monthly cooling load. In the case where only the ceiling was insulated, both the monthly cooling and heating loads were reduced. A comparison showed that with both wall and ceiling insulated, the energy requirements could be reduced by more than 40%. In Aqaba, with both walls and ceiling insulated, there would be no need for any heating during the whole year and in both Amman and Irbid there were at least four months in which there would be no need for either heating or cooling.     

卷烟厂空调系统全年负荷特性与理想热湿处理系统分析

空调系统节能是烟草行业节能的重点之一.本文以某卷烟厂为模型、以杭州为例,进行了负荷计算,总结得出了卷烟厂不同车间空调系统的全年负荷特性,主要包括全年供冷需求时间长、联合工房同时存在冷热需求、不同车间末端需求多样化、同一车间不同季节的负荷特性存在差异等.在此基础上,对其理想的热湿处理过程进行了简单分析,这一过程应尽量避免冷热抵消和额外的再热能耗、末端应调节灵活、同时应可以充分利用自然冷源以及实现建筑冷热回收等.     

Estimating the effect of using cool coatings on energy loads and thermal comfort in residential buildings in various climatic conditions

The impact from using cool roof coatings on the cooling and heating loads and the indoor thermal comfort conditions of residential buildings for various climatic conditions is estimated. The energy cooling loads and peak cooling demands are estimated for different values of roof solar reflectance and roof U-value. The results show that increasing the roof solar reflectance reduces cooling loads by 18–93% and peak cooling demand in air-conditioned buildings by 11–27%. The indoor thermal comfort conditions were improved by decreasing the hours of discomfort by 9–100% and the maximum temperatures in non air-conditioned residential buildings by 1.2–3.3 °C. These reductions were found to be more important for poorly or non-insulated buildings. For the locations studied, the heating penalty (0.2–17 kWh/m² year) was less important than the cooling load reduction (9–48 kWh/m² year). The application of cool roof coatings is an effective, minimal cost and easy to use technique that contributes to the energy efficiency and the thermal comfort of buildings.     

既有办公建筑大堂地板辐射供冷供暖系统节能改造方案可行性研究

以北京市某既有办公建筑的大堂为研究对象,针对北京地区的气候条件和大堂建筑的空调负荷特性,基于地板辐射供冷供暖技术的基本理论和原理,对该大堂原有的空调方式进行了节能改造,将原来的地板辐射供暖系统改为地板辐射供冷供暖系统。2009年夏季供冷工况运行结果表明,该改造方案不但可满足建筑热舒适性及使用功能要求,而且节能效果显著。     

双层玻璃幕墙对办公建筑照明能耗及负荷影响的模拟与分析

双层玻璃幕墙在现代建筑中的应用越来越广泛,其天然采光与照明控制方式是影响照明能耗的主要因素,而照明能耗的改变会使室内冷热负荷发生改变,从而影响室内采暖空调能耗。以天津市某双层玻璃幕墙办公建筑为模型,应用DAYSIM软件模拟有无双层玻璃幕、墙幕墙朝向以及照明控制方式的不同对照明能耗的影响,并结合TRNSYS软件分析不同照明控制方式对室内冷热负荷的影响。