基于实测的不同地域村镇住宅热舒适度研究

本文对5个地区典型农宅进行了夏季及冬季室内热环境以及居民热舒适性现场实测及调研,研究了各个地区农村住宅热环境及室内热舒适度问题,依据问卷调研结果得到了夏季、冬季农村居民对于住宅环境的可接受温度范围、热中性温度以及期望温度,研究了热舒适度的影响因素。     

某农宅冬季室内热环境测试与舒适评价

为了研究呼伦贝尔市农村住宅的冬季室内热环境状况,本文选取两户农宅对其室内外空气温湿度、室内风速、平均辐射温度等进行了测试计算,并对当地及住户的衣着、活动量情况进行了问卷调查分析。根据测试和调查结果,选择操作温度指标和热感觉投票值线性拟合方法对室内热舒适进行评价。最后,针对各项室内热环境缺陷,提出了相应的改善措施与建议。本文为严寒地区农宅冬季室内热环境的设计与改善提供依据。     

农宅火炕采暖环境热舒适温度与影响因素分析

为研究严寒地区火炕采暖不均匀环境的热舒适温度及其影响因素,对火炕农宅冬季的室内热环境进行了现场测试,建立了热舒适评价模型,并对热环境评价方法进行了分析.同时,利用CFD仿真模拟的方法对室内热舒适性的影响因素进行了分析.测试结果表明,火炕农宅冬季的室内热舒适温度为17.7 ℃,90％可接受的操作温度的范围为14.7～ 20.8℃.模拟结果表明,在保证基本供暖室温的前提下,较低的火炕表面温度、较高的辅助热源温度以及保温性能较好的围护结构,有助于减小室内温度不均匀性,增加居民热舒适感.火炕营造的微气候环境可以满足农宅居民的热舒适要求.     

哈尔滨地区冬季农宅热舒适现场调查

对哈尔滨近郊2个村10户农宅的冬季室内热环境与居民的热舒适进行了现场调查。结果显示,冬季农宅的平均室温为12.3℃,但热环境可接受率高达92%;农民的热中性作业温度为14.4℃,90%可接受的作业温度下限为8.8℃;农民通过行为调节、心理期望等适应偏冷的热环境,导致其热中性温度与可接受的温度较低。对于分散式农宅,建议采用传统的火炕分散供暖方式。建议采用作业温度作为严寒地区冬季农宅室内热舒适的评价指标。     

重庆农村住宅热环境实测与评价

本文对重庆地区5户农村住宅冬季和夏季室内温度进行了实测,利用平均温度与温度累积频率作为衡量农宅热环境优劣的主要指标,最终以反映目前重庆地区农村住宅室内热环境现状。结果表明,冬季一层房间平均温度为8.5℃,室内温度达到8℃的平均频率约为70%;夏季高温期间被动运行的一层房间平均温度为30.0℃,室内温度不超过30℃的平均频率为51%,二层房间平均温度为32℃。实测住宅的一层房间温度基本上符合《农村居住建筑节能设计标准》的规定。     

辽西地区农村住宅节能与室内热舒适性研究

以辽宁省阜蒙县他本扎兰村、扣莫村农村住宅为研究对象,对住宅进行了实地调研,选取代表性农宅在典型冬季日对住宅室内热环境进行了实测,对农宅围护结构热工性能和室内热舒适性进行分析,根据相关节能设计标准采取相应节能改造措施。通过Design Builder软件对原有建筑及采取节能改造措施之后的建筑进行冬季采暖能耗及室内热环境模拟分析。通过数据分析表明,原有建筑卧室最高温度约13℃,最低时不足5℃,住宅的室内热环境及热舒适性很差,冬季采暖能耗较大。通过采取集成节能改造措施,相较原有住宅可达到节能62.6%节能效率,室内各房间温度提高约3℃。室内人体热舒适度有较大程度提高,热感觉不满意率大幅下降,尤其是作为主要生活空间的卧室从原来-2.75左右提高到了-1.25左右,人感觉不满意率由原来80%~90%下降到约35%。     

烟台地区农宅冬季热环境改善措施探讨

通过对影响烟台地区农村住宅室内热环境的围护结构构造等因素进行调研与分析,提出了改善该地区农宅热环境的具体措施,为烟台地区的农村住宅设计和改造工作提供参考。     

河北邯郸地区地区农村住宅冬季室内热环境研究

文章对于河北邯郸地区农村住宅的室内热舒适度展开了主观和客观两个方面的调研,首先于2019年12月1日至2日大寒日附近,对河北省邯郸市尚壁镇东村庄村、北屯头村、南屯头村、常庄村、西尚壁村、唐屯村、南亓固村、徐许庄村、北井寨村、南井寨村10个典型村落的农村常住居民进行衣阻情况的调研,得出居民冬季衣阻为1.92clo;从典型村落南亓固村选取一户农宅作为测试对象,分别在室外和室内的卧室、堂屋设置测试点8处,于冬季大寒日附近对农宅的室内外温湿度、黑球温度进行四天的连续全天的实时测试,对数据进行分析,得出邯郸地区农村冬季室内热环境的舒适度情况。     

川西林盘冬夏季热环境实测分析

本文通过对两栋典型川西林盘冬、夏季室内热环境的现场测试,采用ASHRAE55-2004关于自然通风建筑热舒适评价方法作为评价依据对被测川西林盘的室内热环境进行了评价分析。结果表明,川西林盘的冬夏季室内热环境略优于当地农宅,绿化遮阳与构建室外微环境可改善农宅的室内热环境,对于我国农村住宅节能设计研究具有一定的借鉴性。     

关中典型地区新型农宅节能设计探讨

基于对陕西省关中地区农村的实地调研,分析当地农宅在空间布局、室内热环境等方面存在的主要问题,并对传统农宅提出改进设计方案。根据当地自然资源和气候条件,充分考虑利用冬季被动式太阳能及夏季自然通风,使建筑布局更加合理,望为关中农村住宅节能设计提供指导性建议。     

浅析高速公路工程招投标中的最低评标价法

结合目前高速公路施工项目招投标活动的实际情况,阐述了最低评标价法的概念,归纳了其优点及存在问题,对完善最低评标价法提出几点策略,以期促进招标投标市场更加规范有序。     

Place-Making in Megaprojects in Melbourne

This article analyses state-led place-making practices in Melbourne. The two levels of government that influence planning in Melbourne make much of the city as ‘culturally vibrant’ and ‘creative’, and have incorporated creative city-inspired place-making principles into many layers of the planning system. An examination of the development of two mixed-use megaprojects in central Melbourne reveals however that ideals of culturally engaging public places, and indeed of creative landscapes for middle-class consumption, wither in the face of more basic imperatives for economic development. In these case studies the ‘creative city’, no matter how the idea is interpreted, has little traction either as a set of inclusive place-making principles or as a gentrification strategy. The article concludes that the creative city-inspired place-making objectives in the planning system at both state and local levels are ambiguous in their overall intents and completely unsupported by statutory controls. Such place-making objectives as are realised are the compromised results of the interplay of uncoordinated decisions, delivered at the pleasure of the developer.     

Pathogens in septage in Vietnam

Septage is widely acknowledged as a major source of infectious pathogens while disposal of septage, and the operation and maintenance of septic tanks, is not regulated in many developing countries. Twenty untreated septage and septage sludge samples were taken from Can Tho City, Vietnam to examine their pathogen content, and indicator micro-organisms. Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. were detected in all samples, regardless of sludge storage time. Phages were detected in 80% of samples. Salmonella spp. were detected in 70% of the untreated septage and 60% of septage sludge samples. Concentrations of phages and bacteria tested in septage sludge after many years of tank storage were much higher than the expected levels. Helminth ova were present in 95% of untreated septage samples with an average of 450 ova l^− 1, and were detected in all septage sludge samples with an average of 16,000 ova l^− 1. Twelve varieties of helminth ova were identified. More helminth ova varieties in higher concentrations were found in septage than those reported from stool samples. The varieties' frequency ranged from 10% to 50% and Ascaris lumbricoides predominated. Results show that pathogens and indicator micro-organisms, especially helminth ova, accumulate in sludge. Thus helminth ova should be considered when septage sludge is treated and used for agriculture. Proper health protection measures must be applied for people handling septage.     

新时期广东城市化的新特点

新时期广东城市化出现以下特点:知识源导向、城市由单体向群体化发展、产业集群推动、政府主导自上而下的集约化发展、城镇化向城市化转变、由重“数量”发展向重“质量”发展的转变。     

在市场中实践在实践中学习在学习中进步--工程公司市场化进程的回顾与展望

近两年来，工程公司在提高市场竞争意识、推动市场化进程中做了大量工作，其中坚持走出去的方针是我们自我加压、推行加快市场化步伐的一个重要战略步骤。     

新形势下高校强化基建财务管理的探讨

在市场条件下高校基建财务人员在加强日常财务管理的同时,必须树立起高度的工作责任心,抓好事前监督、事中监督、事后监督三个环节,全面理解、贯彻执行《高等学校财务制度》,管好用好各项基本建设资金,提高基建财务管理水平,更好地完成高校各项基建任务,以有限的投资,最快的建设速度,获得最大的投资效益。     

Experiences in radon-safe building in Finland

A study was made of radon-safe buildings in 300 Finnish low-rise residential buildings using data obtained from a questionnaire study. The study also aims at finding the main defects in design and implementation and how the guidance given on radon-safe buildings in slab-on-grade houses has been followed. According to the guidelines, the prevention of the flow of radon-bearing air from the soil into the house is recommended to be carried out through installation of aluminised bitumen felt and use of elastic sealants. Second, as a precaution perforated piping should be installed in the subsoil of the floor slab. The median indoor radon concentration in the houses was 155 Bq/m3. This is 32% lower than the median of the estimated reference values. The action level of 200 Bq/m3 was still exceeded in 40% of the houses. In most houses with slab-on-grade the prevention was based only on the installation of a sub-slab depressurisation system. Sealing was performed in a low number of houses. In 80% of houses with a sub-slab piping connected to an operating fan, radon concentration was below the action level of 200 Bq/m3. In houses with piping but no fan, the corresponding fraction was only 45%. Sub-slab piping without a fan had no remarkable effect on radon concentration. In houses with crawl-space and edge-thickened slabs, radon concentrations were low. The choice of foundation system thus significantly affects the indoor radon concentration. The importance of complete and careful sealing work should be stressed in advice and guides concerning radon prevention.     

2008年日本火灾情况

<正>1火灾总数在2008年(1～12月),日本发生的火灾总数为52 394起,与2007年相比减少了2 188起(4.0%)。这相当于平均1天大约发生143起火灾,每10min发生一起火灾。火灾类别(见表1)。     

Variation in property taxation in Tulsa

Conclusions It may be reasonably concluded from this study that the range of variation in these ratios of assessed to actual value are of a reasonable size for the great majority of cases. The frequency distribution of these sample ratios was not normal, however, as was assumed a process of this type would produce. On the other hand, the failure of the regression analysis to identify any significant variables which would explain these variations would tend to re-enforce the assumption that the fluctuations were indeed of a random nature.To sum it up in one paragraph, aside from a few extreme cases, the assessing process appears to give estimates which are more consistent than would be expected under the assumption that any errors would be of a random nature, but the regression analysis was unable to isolate any particular socioeconomic characteristics which would explain the variation which was present.Financial support for this research project was furnished by the University of Tulsa.     

谈城市历史保护规划的误区

由于缺乏起码的历史文化知识,忽视历史文化遗产的保护,错误的决策导致了建设性的破坏,要加强城市保护的教育,培养合格人才。