高效全自动管道清洗系统在某集中冷站中的应用分析

广州地铁某集中冷站冷水机组采用珠江水作为冷却水源。在使用过程中,出现了机组传热温差急剧上升、经常故障报警和电能消耗异常等情况。为解决此问题,通过分析比较,安装了3套适合冷水机组冷凝器的全自动清洗系统CQM,实现了冷水机组高效、节能、环保运行。     

风冷冷水机组部分负荷时的节能优化运行策略与性能分析

对部分负荷时冷水机组的节能优化运行和能量连续调节方法进行了研究，提出了一种节能优化运行方案，并对机组冷凝器的传热过程进行了模拟计算分析，结果表明机组COP最大可提高35％。     

胶球清洗装置在电子行业暖通空调系统中的应用实践

介绍了胶球在线清洗装置——管道机及端盖机的工作原理。端盖机可与冷水主机配套出厂,使冷水机组冷凝器具备了胶球清洗功能。应用实例表明,胶球在线清洗装置可以有效解决冷凝器铜管结垢问题,可降低冷水机组运行能耗。     

冷凝器在线清洗技术及其应用

分析了空调冷水机组制冷效率下降的原因,对提高冷机效率的传统方案和冷凝器在线清洗装置的应用效果进行了对比.冷凝器在线清洗装置利用循环水系统的自身压力,实现了冷机正常运行工况下冷凝器的在线清洗,具有方便管理、运行稳定、节能降耗、减少污染的优点.最后以莱工程为实例,计算分析了该装置的节能效果.     

《水冷冷水机组管壳式冷凝器胶球自动在线清洗装置》标准发布实施

国家行业标准JB/T 11133—2011《水冷冷水机组管壳式冷凝器胶球自动在线清洗装置》已被工业和信息化部批准发布,并于2011年8月1日开始实施。标准主要起草单位是深圳勤达富节能技术有限公司和华南理工大学。标准规定了水冷冷水机组管壳式冷凝器胶球自动在线清洗装置的术语和定义、型式与基本参数、要求、适用条件、试验方法、检验规则、标志、包装、运输和贮存等。本标准适用于水冷冷水机组管壳式冷凝器胶球自动在线清洗     

基于冷水机组国家标准的空调水系统冷源设备选择

根据2007年颁布的冷水机组国家标准,冷水机组性能规定及试验时,已经不再采用冷凝器冷却水进、出水温度(或温差)而是规定冷凝器水量,作为机组的名义工况。结合现行的按照5℃冷却水温差来进行工程设计的流行做法,分析所选择的冷水机组的实际性能可能出现的问题,并提出相关的系统参数和设备选择的建议。     

中央空调在线清洗节电明显

按照深圳目前使用中央空调冷水机组约3000台计算，如全部安装新型冷凝器自动在线清洗系统装置，平均节能率约为8％，一年可节约1．44亿kW·h电。笔者从近日在深召开的国家冷冻空调设备行业标准起草会获悉，由深圳企业起草制订的中央空调冷凝器在线清洗装置行业标准正在接受专家评审。     

蒸发冷凝式空调应用于上海地铁的对比测试

通过对上海两地铁车站的蒸发冷凝空调系统和普通冷水机组空调系统进行夏季能效测试,分析了蒸发冷凝空调系统的运行和节能情况,发现与普通冷水空调系统相比,蒸发冷凝空调有较高的单机能效系数和系统能效系数,但耗水量稍大。利用测试数据,讨论冷凝器进风湿球温度对机组能效的影响,并结合上海地铁车站新风排风湿球温度变化特点,提出利用地铁排风更有助于提高机组运行能效。     

空调变流量水系统设计技术发展(之三)——全变速离心冷水机组装置设计与等临界性能原理(续1)

1.7工程验收和运行 多台变速冷水机组装置联合运行,其运行速度要调节到既达到冷水供水温度设定值,又使各机组在相等的负载下运行,即要符合两种基本类型:1)冷水机组/冷却塔/泵组要尽可能靠近其自然曲线运行.2)机组、冷却塔风机及冷却水泵的运行速度要程序化,并要求联机的机组,其增机或减机运行都应紧靠自然曲线.用测定机组功率、冷凝器和蒸发器出水温度的方法估算出运行点得到通用算法,为了改善机组控制精度,由装置的控制盘直接进行,通常是用制冷剂温度或压力代替水温以形成冷水机组的控制算法.Thomas Hartman提出了联机运行机组的最大设计容量百分比下的增机方程和减机方程.     

某医院综合大楼地下水源热泵运行工况实测及能效分析

实测了长沙市某医院综合大楼地下水源热泵系统在夏季工况运行时,热泵机组蒸发器侧、冷凝器侧的供、回水温度和流量、机组耗电量以及房间内的温、湿度,通过测试数据分析了该热泵机组夏季实际工作性能。结果表明,该热泵机组具有供、回水温度低及供回水温差小的特点,测试期内系统的COP为3.17,与传统的冷水机组相比,具有良好的节能优势。测试分析结果可供水源热泵系统的设计和工程应用提供参考和借鉴。     

冷水机组冷凝器水侧受阻故障模拟实验研究

采用理论分析和实验测试方法,对冷水机组冷凝器水侧受阻故障时空调系统冷水侧、制冷剂侧、冷却水侧的运行参数进行研究,确定对冷水机组冷凝器水侧受阻故障敏感的运行参数。冷却水出水温度、制冷剂冷凝温度、压缩机排气温度是对冷水机组冷凝器水侧受阻故障敏感的运行参数,可以作为检测识别该故障的主要依据。     

冷凝器结垢故障对传感器故障诊断方法的影响分析

传感器测量质量是实施系统监控，优化控制及部件故障诊断的重要保证。制冷机系统的部件故障和传感器故障很有可能同时发生。因而在研究传感器故障诊断的方法及应用这一方法进行传感器故障诊断时必须考虑到制冷机的部件故障的影响。根据离心式制冷机的试验数据研究了冷凝器结垢故障对基于主元分析法的制冷机传感器故障诊断方法的影响，研究结果表明基于主元分析的制冷机传感器方法对冷凝器结垢故障不敏感，该方法对有无结垢故障条件下的传感器故障都能成功地进行检测诊断及数据重构。     

A fault detection technique for air-source heat pump water chiller/heaters

This paper describes a fault detection method and system to detect the faults in air-source heat pump water chiller/heaters. Principal component analysis (PCA) approach is used to extract the correlation of variables in heat pump unit and reduce the dimension of measured data. A PCA model is built to determine the thresholds of statistics and calculate square prediction errors (SPE) of new observations, which are used to check if a fault occurs in heat pump unit. The fault detection system consists of a PCA-based fault detection code, a backpack computer, a digital logger and eight easy-to-install temperature sensors. A real air-source heat pump water chiller/heater for the air-conditioning system of an office building provides the realistic test platform for the validation of fault detection method. The measured data from the heat pump unit under normal condition shows that the PCA model can capture the major correlation and variance among the test variables. Two levels of artificial condenser fouling fault are successfully detected. The results show that the PCA-based fault detection method is applicable and effective for air-source heat pump water chiller/heater.     

Modelling of the coefficient of performance of an air-cooled screw chiller with variable speed condenser fans

Air-cooled chillers are generally recognized as energy intensive equipment in air-conditioned buildings in the subtropical climate. This paper considers how the use of variable speed condenser fans enables these chillers to operate more efficiently. The thermodynamic model of an air-cooled screw chiller was developed using the simulation program TRNSYS and validated using the field data and specifications of the chiller. The staging of condenser fans and the control of their speed in various operating conditions were described. A comparison was made on the coefficient of performance of the chiller in the steady state with various control strategies: head pressure control with constant or variable speed condenser fans; condensing temperature control (CTC) with constant or variable speed condenser fans. Potential improvements in the chiller COP due to the use of CTC with variable speed condenser fans were discussed. The findings of this paper are useful in developing more energy efficient air-cooled chillers.     

Economic benefits of optimal control for water-cooled chiller systems serving hotels in a subtropical climate

A water-cooled chiller system in an air-conditioned hotel can take up about one-quarter of the total electricity consumption and considerable amounts of water in the heat rejection process. This paper evaluates operating cost savings of a chiller system integrated with optimal control of cooling towers and condenser water pumps. A sophisticated chiller system model was used to ascertain how different control methods influence the annual electricity and water consumption of chillers operating for the cooling load profile of a reference hotel. It is estimated that applying load-based speed control to the cooling tower fans and condenser water pumps could reduce the annual system electricity use by 8.6% and operating cost by 9.9% relative to the equivalent system using constant speed fans and pumps with a fixed set point of 29.4 °C for cooling water temperature control. The ways to implement this advanced control for system optimization are discussed.     

空调冷却水变流量控制方法研究

指出冷却水的出水温度和进出水温差的可变范围实际可以选取得较大,论述了冷凝温度控制法的特点,并将其与常规的定温差控制方式进行了比较,结论是当水泵相对于主机的电功率大于10%时,冷凝温度控制节能效果较好,控制上也简便易行.同时指出,虽然冷却水变流量对于冷水机组性能系数的影响是负面的和不可忽略的,但这一负面影响较之对水泵节能的正面影响要小.     

基于建筑全年动态冷负荷的冷水机组优化配置方案

提出一种在设计阶段对冷水机组方案进行优化配置的方法.首先,冷水机组的能耗计算简化为制冷机的实际制冷量和冷却水进口温度两个独立变量的函数.进一步,通过建筑动态负荷计算获得全年冷负荷频率特性以及相应的室外湿球温度分布,其中湿球温度决定了冷却水最低进口温度.最终,计算出各种冷水机组配置方案的全年以及不同冷负荷需求工况下的运行电耗,并得出最优化的节能方案.     

冷水机组冷凝热回收和利用

以螺杆式机组为例,介绍了冷水机组冷凝热回收的工作原理、主要应用形式及设计应注意的问题。     

A Bayesian network model for the optimization of a chiller plant’s condenser water set point

To implement the condenser water set point optimization, one can employ a regression model. However, existing regression-based methods have difficulties to handle non-linear chiller plant behaviour. To address this problem, we develop a Bayesian network model and compare it to both a linear and a polynomial regression model via a case study. The results show that the Bayesian network model can predict the optimal condenser water set points with a lower root mean square deviation for both a mild month and a summer month than the linear and the polynomial models. The energy-saving ratios by the Bayesian network model are 25.92% and 1.39% for the mild month and the summer month, respectively. As a comparison, the energy-saving ratios by the linear and the polynomial models are less than 19.00% for the mild month and even lead to more energy consumption in the summer month (up to 3.73%).