A portable data system for reindeer herd management

A portable computer system is described which supports timely data management for reindeer herding. An initial version has been in use for two years, supporting research on reindeer diseases. Versions are being developed which will expand the system to support commercial herd management. The hardware system is integrated from commercially available equipment. The software is currently composed of a set of ten programs, with others under development for enhancements and modifications. At field roundups, the computer allows new animals to be added to the data base plus rapid access to information on existing individual animals. Historical information can be displayed, including detailed historical records of reproductive activity, medical treatments, serological exam results, and observations of anomalies (e.g. infections, injuries, etc.). In the field, or in the lab, the data base may be accessed for information on specific animals and for summaries of herd data.     

基于MapInfo的软土地区工程地质GIS系统研究

利用地理信息GIS系统,在MapInfo8．5平台上,为中国某沿海产业基地40km^2软土地区建立地理信息系统,运用其脚本语言BASIC和控件MAP-X,结合当地实际情况完善地理信息系统。     

面向文物保护的地理信息系统研究

随着我国信息化建设的进一步发展,文物保护管理的信息化建设变得十分迫切。建立面向文物保护的地理信息系统,将GIS技术应用于文物保护管理工作,提高管理工作的效率和信息化水平,在文物保护领域推广GIS技术与应用是本论文的主题。以文物保护信息资源数据为基础,结合GIS技术建立文物保护信息系统是本文的重点。本文对文物保护信息资源的专题归类进行了论述,提出了以空间信息资源为基础的多种信息资源相结合的数据库结构。同时研究了各类信息资源的数据结构以及相关管理模式,并以此为基础设计了系统的总体结构和主要功能模块。     

Subsidence problems due to abandoned pillar workings in coal seams

 Abandoned mine works are a potential cause of ground subsidence and hence are of major concern where development or re-development is to take place. In the United Kingdom, information necessary to locate potential hazards may be available but occurs in numerous scattered locations and it may require considerable time to access the data. In recent years thematic geological maps have been produced for some of the British coal field areas. The paper describes the historical evolution of the mining system, emphasising the pillar workings which began in the sixteenth century. Methods of investigation such as downhole hammer and geophysics are briefly mentioned and the importance of zoning the land discussed. Stabilisation measures may involve occupying the workings with hydraulically-emplaced fill or cheap bulk grout. In areas of less risk, special foundation structures may be used. Received: 19 December 1996 · Accepted: 13 December 1997     

Chlorination disinfection by-products, public health risk tradeoffs and me

Since 1974 when trihalomethanes (THMs) were first reported as disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water, there has been an enormous research effort directed at understanding how DBPs are formed in the chlorination or chloramination of drinking water, how these chlorination DBPs can be minimized and whether they pose a public health risk, mainly in the form of cancer or adverse reproductive outcomes. Driven by continuing analytical advances, the original DBPs, the THMs, have been expanded to include over 600 DBPs that have now been reported in drinking water. The historical risk assessment context which presumed cancer could be mainly attributed to exposure to environmental carcinogens played a major role in defining regulatory responses to chlorination DBPs which, in turn, strongly influenced the DBP research agenda. There are now more than 30 years of drinking water quality, treatment and health effects research, including more than 60 epidemiology studies on human populations, directed at the chlorination DBP issue. These provide considerable scope to reflect on what we know now, how our understanding has changed, what those changes mean for public health risk management overall and where we should look to better understand and manage this issue in the future.     

BDMPL: a data bank of the local raw materials in Tunisia

As large quantities of materials are needed in the building and construction industry, the location of such resources is always important. To satisfy the increasing needs for these materials, it is necessary to constantly find new deposits which can be exploited. The search for such deposits can be guided by an analysis of existing data. The paper discusses the development of a bank of such data regarding local raw materials in Tunisia. Vast volumes of data are available from geological maps, quarries, academic institutions, research laboratories, ministries, etc, but it is heterogeneous in character and scattered. In order to provide quick access to the information, the data bank was created to collate the factual information from the various sources and store it in an organised and secure manner for access by the public. The domains of the data are the geographical information, geological characteristics, details of infrastructure, economic importance, geochemical tests, mineralogical studies, physical and mechanical properties, malleability of clayey materials and a bibliography. In general the information is displayed in tables relating the various topics/information. A search facility is available such that data on a number of topics can be accessed and the results provided pertinent to the specific topic. For example, the analysis of grain size would automatically be provided for sands, the Atterberg limits for clay and the mechanical properties of rocks, without the necessity to specifically request the results of individual tests. The search can be for a geographical region a geological formation, or materials, which meet specific construction standards. In this first phase, the collection/collating work has been undertaken under the auspices of the National Office of Mines. It is hoped that in the future it can be incorporated into a GIS system and that it will be possible to arrange for the ongoing storage of new information as it becomes available.     

涿州博物馆——基于城市更新设计策略探讨

该文首先从博物馆概念、城市建筑、城市历史三个方面陈述解读城市与城市博物馆的关系,然后论述了解读城市对城市博物馆定位的重要性,总结了城市解读对城市历史博物馆的定位、功能、选址、场所设计、形态的影响。然后笔者对涿州城市总体环境和涿州博物馆新馆基地及周边城市环境进行了读解研究,对涿州博物馆的基本定位、展示规模、展示内容、功能构建、基址选择、场所设计、建筑形态等基本建设问题的设计定位做出探索性的解答。该文是以城市的视角来看待博物馆设计问题,即设计研究过程从研究城市基本信息与问题入手,并结合对博物馆基址城市环境的深入分析,最终得到博物馆建筑的基本建设原则和最终结果。     

空间数据共享几个问题的探讨

从体制、法律法规,组织管理,认识水平和技术角度分析了目前空间数据共享所存在的几个主要问题,从空间数据的表示、元数据技术、空间信息网格技术、空间数据的互操作技术,地理框架数据建设等不同侧面探讨了空间数据的共享问题,提出了如何共建共享,促进空间信息服务的看法.     

基于AutoCAD的历史规划成果数据入库规整关键技术探讨

结合郑州市城市规划信息系统的建设实践,介绍了历史规划成果数据入库规整的工作流程,提出了AutoCAD环境下数据规整及质检处理的解决方法,并详细分析了基于AutoCAD的历史规划成果入库规整的关键技术。规划成果数据结构繁杂、种类繁多,本文针对规划成果地理信息数据的空间关系特点,利用地理信息等现代技术手段,探索规划成果规范化管理的有效途径。     

ArcGIS空间数据库技术在煤田地质勘探施工管理中的应用

在煤田地质勘探组织施工时,需要明确钻探目的层位深度、煤层厚度、采样井位及煤层层位、样品煤质化验项目。因钻遇煤层较多、采样层位变化较大、煤质化验项目较多等原因,常用的Excel与AutoCAD技术记录、展示、查询、修改设计数据工作量巨大,难以满足现代勘探施工需求。使用ArcGIS平台建立空间数据库,可实时准确地管理煤田地质勘探中地质数据,以图形化方式展示地质信息,为项目管理人员提供可视化的高效率的信息服务。ArcGIS还可灵活制作复杂的点、线、面图元,批量绘制地质图件,可以自动形成等值线图件,并能智能化计算煤层储量。ArcGIS空间数据库技术是一种创新的数据管理方式,可以在煤田勘探中推广使用。     

城市经营的产品策略研究

综述城市经营的产品类型与内涵，分析其特点，提出了适应于城市经营的产品组合与品牌策略，从而明确了城市经营经营什么、如何经营的问题。     

欧盟和德国建设工程产品管理

鉴于我国建设工程产品管理的现状,文章讨论了欧盟和德国在建设工程领域的管理体系和模式,并着重介绍了欧盟建设工程领域CE认证的市场准入机制,以期增加对国外相关领域的了解,一方面有助于企业走向国际市场,另一方面有助于我们思考中国市场应如何管理.     

将航测采集数据格式转换为SCS G2005数据格式使用技巧

随着地理信息系统建立不断成熟,需要输入大量的数据信息和图形信息,同时要规范各种信息数据的格式,达到数据共享的目的。而航测采集数据是基础地理信息系统的重要数据源。掌握对航测采集数据格式转换使用技巧,有利于规范信息数据格式,也有利于提高我们的工作效率,减轻我们的工作量：     

建立信息化测绘体系 服务城市规划管理

在分析勘测单位为城市规划管理提供测绘服务现状的基础上,提出建立新的面向服务的信息化测绘工作体系需要丰富现有数据产品内容,增加测绘服务种类,扩展规划服务领域,综合利用空间分析方法和信息技术进行城建信息的挖掘,从而为城市规划管理建立完善的测绘保障。     

能源计量采集系统的建设

以山焦计量采集系统现状为例，介绍了采用先进计算机技术进行能源计量采集数据的方案，指出此系统建设可以提高企业的生产效率和产品质量，加速企业信息化建设。并探讨了以太网技术在企业计量管理网络中的应用。     

基于BIM的地铁隧道结构分析与安全预警

BIM广泛应用于建筑工程动态可视化管理、信息共享和决策支持中。针对复杂地质环境下的地铁隧道而言,地质模型的准确度决定了隧道的设计质量,影响施工及后期运营安全稳定,而这是BIM较为薄弱环节。以南宁地铁2号线为例,利用Revit的API进行二次开发,建立隧道BIM结构模型和基于地质数据库的三维地质模型,分别得出地铁隧道结构计算和岩土软件数值分析结果,结合项目实时施工进度、隧道结构变形数据、地面沉降数据、建筑物沉降倾斜数据等实时变形监测信息,进行反馈和验证。最终计算结果在web 监测平台上三维可视化,可辅助施工单位及时掌握相关信息并做出应急反应,从而实现BIM在复杂地质环境下地铁隧道三维可视化、结构分析以及安全预警预报的应用。     

设计企业信息数据集中存储系统平台建设

企业数据中心是数据信息及业务应用系统的总控中心,为企业提供全面的业务支撑平台。在构建企业数据中心的存储系统时,将面临多种存储技术和相关设备的选择;勘察设计企业用于信息系统建设的预算相对有限,如何才能合理的选择大容量、可扩展、高安全性的数据存储系统是建设数据中心的一个难题。本文介绍了中国电子工程设计院是如何依据开发建设的信息系统管理平台运行模式,采用IPSAN存储架构建成了一套实用、可靠以及高性价比的集中存储、备份管理的数据存储系统。     

Public engagement with water conservation in London

Understanding water demand and consumers' capacity for change is essential in underpinning water demand management and water efficiency programmes. This paper presents the outcomes of a qualitative study, which used discussion groups relating to water infrastructure with environmentally aware citizens in five London boroughs in the Lower Lea River Basin. The results showed a subtle interaction between users, water and technology. Users are generally unaware of their own water consumption. Individual perceptions of changes in water behaviour are constrained by habit and lack of knowledge about what changes can be made and how. Knowledge of environmental information was described as the inspiration behind making any changes. The paper concludes that access to information about water resources, infrastructure and conservation measures should be enhanced because although information sources are abundant, participants claimed they were inaccessible without considerable effort. Finally, an emphasis should also be put on helping the public form a more substantial part in environmental decisions.     

沈抚新区城市地质信息管理与服务系统构建

基于多源多尺度海量数据的异构算法,利用三维可视化等计算机技术,构建沈抚新区城市三维地质信息管理与服务系统的总体框架。基于“中色三维GIS平台”开发了集三维城市地质信息输入、数据库管理和城市三维地质空间数据可视化分析于一体的城市地质信息综合管理平台。解决了沈抚新区海量地质数据的管理和应用。     

山地城市地质信息集成管理平台研究与应用

为解决当前城市地质信息化建设中存在的标准缺乏、信息分散、共享困难的难题,针对重庆山地城市地质特点,从统一数据标准、三维地质建模框架、多源异构地质数据库建设、海量三维地质数据自适应可视化、插件式行业集成应用等方面进行关键技术研究,研发了山地城市地质信息集成管理平台。基于该平台快速搭建的龙洲湾公租房工程地质信息集成管理系统,成功应用到了场区地质信息展现及三维可视化分析决策中,提升了山地城市地质信息服务水平。