Use of recycled aggregates in molded concrete bricks and blocks

This study aimed to develop a technique for producing concrete bricks and paving blocks using recycled aggregates obtained from construction and demolition waste. Laboratory trials were conducted to investigate the possibility of using recycled aggregates from different sources in Hong Kong, as the replacement of both coarse and fine natural aggregates in molded bricks and blocks. A series of tests were carried out to determine the properties of the bricks and blocks prepared with and without recycled aggregates. The test results showed that the replacement of coarse and fine natural aggregates by recycled aggregates at the levels of 25 and 50% had little effect on the compressive strength of the brick and block specimens, but higher levels of replacement reduced the compressive strength. However, the transverse strength of the specimens increased as the percentage of replacement increased. Using recycled aggregates as the replacement of natural aggregates at the level of up to 100%, concrete paving blocks with a 28-day compressive strength of not less than 49 MPa can be produced without the incorporation of fly ash, while paving blocks for footway uses with a lower compressive strength of 30 MPa and masonry bricks can be produced with the incorporation of fly ash.     

Limiting properties in the characterisation of mixed recycled aggregates for use in the manufacture of concrete

Recycling of construction and demolition waste (CDW) has become a widespread concern in Spain for the last years, as a way to preserve natural resources and achieve a better control of waste disposal sites. Specific applications which make use of mixed recycled aggregates are of great importance, as this types of aggregates constitute the majority of the total production. Structural and non-structural concrete is one of the possible applications, being this the main goal of our study.This paper presents a study on the physical and chemical characteristics of mixed recycled aggregates which have been obtained from different CDW treatment plants of Spain. Correlations between the different properties were investigated in order to find criterions of acceptance for recycled aggregates to be used in concrete.The comparison between the properties offers the possibility of pre-selecting a great quantity of mixed recycled aggregates, these being suitable for either structural and non-structural concrete. The determination of water absorption and the gypsum content are good indicators in order to evaluate the quality of the mixed recycled aggregates for its application in the production of concrete.     

不同取代率再生粗骨料混凝土的力学性能

系统研究了坍落度相同的情况下再生粗骨料取代率对混凝土基本性能的影响.试验中再生粗骨料的掺入量分别为0,30%,50%,70%和100%,通过调节用水量使各组混凝土达到相同的坍落度.主要研究了达到相同坍落度时混凝土的用水量以及再生粗骨料取代率对混凝土坍落度、立方体抗压强度、棱柱体抗压强度、峰值应变和泊松比、弹性模量、劈裂抗拉强度以及抗折强度的影响.试验结果表明,再生粗骨料取代率对上述各性能指标均有一定影响,但程度不同.同时发现,除劈裂抗拉强度和抗折强度外,普通混凝土各基本力学性能指标间的关系不适用各种再生骨料取代率的混凝土.     

全再生混凝土概念的衍化与研究进展

全面梳理和分析了再生混凝土的发展历程与演变特点,提出了全再生混凝土的基本概念,基于文献分析,针对不同组分、不同取代率下再生混凝土的工作性能、力学性能和耐久性能开展了对比分析。整理了当再生粗骨料、再生细骨料分别单取代且取代率达到100%及再生粗、细骨料双取代的取代率都达到100%后混凝土各性能变化的量值,最后总结了再生粉体对混凝土的影响,在文献脉络梳理的基础上,明确了全再生混凝土的内涵和外延,并尝试总结了全再生混凝土的力学性能理论预测模型,给出了今后全再生混凝土的研究方向和建议。研究结果表明:在众多的配合比设计方法中,基于自由水灰比的配合比设计方法最为成熟,应用最为广泛; 再生骨料单取代混凝土的工作性能、力学性能和耐久性能均随着取代率的增加而降低,对于再生粗、细骨料双取代的混凝土,再生粗骨料对抗压强度的影响要大于再生细骨料,再生细骨料对工作性能的影响要大于再生粗骨料。     

海洋既有建筑再生骨料及海洋再生混凝土的性能研究

为促进海洋环境中既有建筑混凝土的循环利用,推进建筑行业可持续化进程,在浙江省宁波市与舟山市采集废弃混凝土构件,测试其抗压强度及游离氯离子含量,利用压汞仪分析其孔隙结构。将海洋既有建筑混凝土破碎成再生骨料,测试其物理力学性能及颗粒形态。采用海水与再生骨料制备海洋再生混凝土,测试其抗压强度及劈裂抗拉强度,利用扫描电镜与X射线衍射仪分析其微观形貌及组成。研究结果表明：受局部环境的影响,海洋既有建筑混凝土的宏微观性能具有较大离散性,性能较差的海洋既有建筑混凝土,破碎成的再生骨料品质也较差,主要表现为表观密度较低,吸水率及压碎指标较高。即使再生粗骨料与再生细骨料取代率达到100%,海洋再生混凝土强度等级也可达到C40~C45,由于原材料就地取用率较高,海洋再生混凝土具有潜在的环境效益和经济效益。     

CDW recycled aggregate renderings: Part I – Analysis of the effect of materials finer than 75 μm on mortar properties

Experience shows that renderings produced with natural sands or construction and demolition waste (CDW) recycled aggregates could have a tendency to poor performance, due primarily to the variable quality of the sands, the absence of a well established mix design method for mortars, and other factors such as façade design, substrate quality and the placement technique. This paper focuses some of those factors, particularly the effectiveness of a mix design method for the control and analysis of the influence of the recycled aggregate composition on the properties of mortars and renderings performance. The leveling time of renderings was also studied. The mix ratio of Portland cement, natural fine sand and laboratory recycled sands – from ceramic blocks, concrete bricks and milled mortar – was defined by a mix design method previously studied. The method takes into account two parameters for the mix design of mortars: the “aggregates and plasticizing materials to cement ratio” and “the total materials finer than 75 μm” in the dry mortar. This study analyzes the effectiveness of the second parameter for the control of the performance of mortars and renderings. In Part I, results show how the geology of the river and CDW recycled sands and the “total material finer than 75 μm” parameter can be correlated in order to explain the properties of mortars, as the cement content is kept constant. The variations in water requirement and physical and mechanical properties of mortars were analyzed, namely drying shrinkage, compressive strength, tensile strength and compressive elastic modulus. The performance of the renderings will be discussed in Part II of this paper.     

再生粗骨料含量对再生混凝土力学性能的影响分析

为了研究再生粗骨料取代率对再生混凝土力学性能的影响,利用废弃混凝土为再生粗骨料来源,研究取代率从0%至100%变化,中间级差为10%的11种再生混凝土,制作了33个标准立方体、33个标准棱柱体和33个尺寸为150 mm×150 mm×550 mm的棱柱体再生混凝土试件,依标准试验方法进行力学性能测试。通过试验,获取了再生混凝土取代率与立方体抗压强度、轴心抗压强度、抗折强度、应变延性系数、耗能系数、割线刚度和损伤度等力学性能指标之间的关系。研究结果表明:随着再生粗骨料取代率的增加,再生混凝土立方体抗压强度和轴心抗压强度总体呈现增长的趋势;抗折强度呈现先增长后减小的趋势;弹性模量总体呈现减小的趋势;延性系数、耗能系数、割线刚度总体均呈现减小的趋势但减小幅度较小;再生混凝土的刚度退化和损伤累积过程与天然混凝土较为一致。综合考虑再生混凝土基本力学性能指标和经济性能指标,建议以30%~40%作为再生混凝土的最优取代率。     

混凝土废弃物的回收与再利用试验研究

对混凝土废弃物破碎回收后取得的再生细骨料按不同替代率拌合成的混凝土力学性能进行了研究分析,通过不同再生细骨料取代率下的混凝土标准立方体抗压强度和劈裂强度对比试验,分析了再生细骨料对混凝土力学性能的影响效果。     

混合应用天然与再生骨料混凝土的基本性能

对配合比相同和坍落度相同两种情况下,不同再生骨料掺入量混凝土的基本性能进行了系统的试验研究。试验中再生骨料的掺入量分别为0,25％,50％,75％和100％。试验结果表明,在配合比相同的情况下,随着再生骨料掺入量的增加．混凝土的工作性能以及回弹值、抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、抗折强度和弹性模量均有不同程度的降低。在坍落度相同的情况下,随着再生骨料掺入量的增加．混凝土的抗压强度、抗折强度和弹性模量也均降低且较配合比相同的情况下降低更多。最后根据本文的试验结果,建议了两种情况下不同再生骨料掺入量混凝土的基本力学性能计算公式。并进一步对比了两种情况下得到的计算公式．结果表明,两种情况下得到的公式均可以用来描述不同再生骨料掺入量混凝土的基本力学性能。     

承重墙用再生混凝土空心砌块的配合比设计

利用废弃混凝土加工成的再生骨料制成承重墙用再生混凝土空心砌块.通过正交试验研究再生混凝土砌块配合比中水灰比、再生粗骨料取代率、再生细骨料取代率3个主要因素对其抗压强度的影响规律.试验结果表明,对于多排孔再生混凝土小型空心砌块,选取合适的配合比,强度等级可以达到MU10.0,可作为承重砌块使用.通过试验优化再生混凝土砌块的配合比,可为承重墙用再生混凝土砌块生产和推广提供依据.     

再生粗骨料对混凝土坍落度和抗压强度的影响

简述了哈尔滨市城市建筑垃圾的产生量和利用度,研究粗骨料的主要指标;采用再生粗骨料20%、30%、50%、70%、100%等质量代替天然碎石骨料配制了C30混凝土,研究了再生粗骨料对混凝土工作性和抗压强度的影响。研究结果表明:在水胶比相同时,混凝土坍落度下降,28d强度降低;若要保持混凝土坍落度基本相同,需采用增加用水量或增大减水剂的方式进行调整。     

Assessment of properties of recycled concrete by means of a highly fractioned factorial design of experiment

The study presented in this paper has been carried out using a highly fractional factorial experimental design. This design allows the analysis of a greater number of factors and levels with a reduced number of mixes. In the state of art of recycled concrete the studies have been carried out varying the level of one factor while the rest remained fixed. However an excessive number of factors or levels are not considered. This highly simplified test program was designed in order to make the number of tests viable whilst guaranteeing the reliability of the conclusions. The concrete has been produced by substituting the natural coarse aggregates for recycled aggregates from construction and demolition waste, which is mainly composed of concrete. In this research some factors that have not been analyzed in previous studies, such as the granular structure of the concrete or the replacement criteria, have been studied. The properties of recycled concrete analyzed were: density, absorption, compressive strength, elastic modulus and penetration of water under pressure. The concrete was made with dry recycled aggregate. The percentage of replacement of the recycled aggregate did not affect the compressive strength since the water/cement rate remained constant. However the elastic modulus is affected by the percentage of replacement when it exceeds 50%.     

Properties of concrete made with recycled crushed glass at elevated temperatures

The effect of replacement of fine and coarse aggregates with recycled glass on the fresh and hardened properties of Portland cement concrete at ambient and elevated temperatures is studied. Percentages of replacement of 0–100% of aggregates with fine waste glass (FWG), coarse waste glass (CWG), and fine and coarse waste glass (FCWG) were considered. Soda-lime glass used for bottles was washed and crushed to fine and coarse aggregate sizes for use in the concrete mixes. Samples were cured under 95% RH at room temperatures (20–22 °C), heated in the oven to the desired temperatures, allowed to cool to ambient temperatures, and then tested for their residual compressive strength. The compressive strength of the concrete samples made with waste glass was measured at temperatures up to 700 °C. Moreover, the effect of the percentages of replacement with recycled glass on the slump values and initial and final setting time of concrete has also been measured.     

引江济淮工程膨胀土水泥改性剂量研究

膨胀土具有遇水膨胀、失水收缩的工程特性,掺加一定量水泥对其进行改性是处理膨胀土的主要方法之一。选取引江济淮工程弱膨胀土,通过对素膨胀土和改性土的自由膨胀率、界限含水率及无侧限抗压强度的试验分析,揭示了水泥掺量和养护日期对引江济淮工程弱膨胀土的物理力学性质的影响。试验结果表明:(1)随掺灰率的增加,改性膨胀土的自由膨胀率、液限、塑性指数均降低,无侧限抗压强度增加;(2)随养护日期的增加,自由膨胀率、液限、塑性指数减小,无侧限抗压强度增大;(3)基于本研究试验结果,同时综合考虑工程实际,建议引江济淮工程弱膨胀土水泥改性剂量为4%。     

预包浆再生骨料自密实混凝土力学与抗氯离子渗透性研究

研究了再生粗骨料替代率和骨料包浆对自密实再生混凝土力学性能和抗氯离子渗透性的影响。结果表明:当再生粗骨料替代率分别为30%、60%、100%时,与未包浆再生骨料混凝土相比,预包浆再生骨料混凝土的坍落扩展度分别提高了0.76%、3.33%、5.17%,抗压强度分别提高了5.9%、3.2%、6.1%,劈裂抗拉强度分别提高了5.2%、11.2%、18.2%;随着再生粗骨料替代率的增加,混凝土的电通量值增大,当再生粗骨料替代率分别为30%、60%、100%时,与未包浆再生骨料混凝土相比,预包浆再生骨料混凝土的电通量值分别下降了16.7%、22.9%、8.6%;骨料经过包浆处理后,改善了自密实再生混凝土的力学性能及抗氯离子渗透性。     

水胶比和再生粗骨料取代率对再生混凝土强度影响的试验研究

为了更好地掌握再生混凝土强度变化规律,利用废弃混凝土试块作为再生粗骨料原料,依据水胶比和再生粗骨料取代率不同配制了15组共计75个再生混凝土试块进行试验对比分析。试验结果表明：再生混凝土破坏过程和破坏形态与普通混凝土基本一致,但相对于普通混凝土来说,再生混凝土的基本力学性能较差。再生混凝土抗压强度随水胶比增大而降低,再生粗骨料取代率的增加会对再生混凝土的基本力学性能产生不利影响。     

再生粗骨料自密实混凝土基本力学性能

通过再生粗骨料自密实混凝土(RCASCC)的工作性能、立方体抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、轴心抗压强度测试和应力应变试验,分析了不同再生粗骨料取代率(R)下RCASCC的工作性能和基本力学性能的变化规律,并提出了RCASCC的应力应变本构方程.结果表明：随着R的增加,RCASCC的工作性能变差,但仍能满足现行规范要求;随着R的增加,RCASCC的立方体抗压强度、轴心抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度总体呈现下降趋势,但R=50%时的立方体抗压强度和轴心抗压强度要高于R=25%之时;随着龄期的增长,RCASCC的抗压强度呈现非线性增长的趋势;经验证,所得出的RCASCC轴心抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度与立方体抗压强度之间的换算关系与普通混凝土换算关系基本一致,RCASCC的应力应变本构方程与普通混凝土的单轴受压本构方程相近.     

Mechanical properties modeling of recycled aggregate concrete

The variability observed in the composition of construction and demolition (C&D) waste is a problem that inhibits the use of recycled aggregates in concrete production. To contribute in this field, a research was carried out varying water/cement ratio and substitution percent of natural aggregates by recycled aggregates. The experimental program used samples of main Brazilian C&D waste sources, which are concrete, mortar and red ceramic bricks as well as tiles. Results of concrete compressive strength and elastic modulus were statistically analyzed and modeled. The study shows that for both concrete properties, recycled coarse aggregate was more influential than recycled fine aggregate. However, the use of fine recycled red ceramic increased concrete strength. Coarse recycled red ceramic aggregate and fine recycled concrete aggregate exercised the largest and the smallest influence, respectively, in concrete properties.     

Influence of parent concrete on the properties of recycled aggregate concrete

This paper discusses first the properties of recycled aggregates derived from parent concrete (PC) of three strengths, each of them made with three maximum sizes of aggregates. The relative physical and mechanical properties of fresh granite aggregate are discussed. Using these nine recycled aggregates, three strengths of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) were made and studied. Typical relationship between water–cement ratio, compressive strength, aggregate-cement ratio and cement content have been formulated for RAC and compared with those of PC. RAC requires relatively lower water–cement ratio as compared to PC to achieve a particular compressive strength. The difference in strength between PC and RAC increases with strength of concrete. The relative evaluation of tensile and flexural strengths and modulus of elasticity has also been made.     

再生骨料在混凝土中的应用研究

分别对C30、C50、C60不同强度等级的废旧混凝土进行破碎,筛选得到不同粒径的再生骨料,研究再生骨料的性能指标;采用聚乙烯醇与水玻璃以1∶1比例配制成不同浓度的强化液,研究强化改性对再生骨料吸水率和压碎值的影响;将再生骨料与天然骨料复配应用于混凝土中,研究其对混凝土性能的影响。结果表明:随着再生骨料掺量的增加,再生混凝土的坍落度与扩展度总体呈现先减小后增大的趋势,当再生骨料掺量在12%~24%时,再生混凝土的坍落度为200 mm左右,28 d抗压强度达到42 MPa左右。