玻璃类型对玻璃幕墙建筑室内热环境的影响分析

以某博览中心为建筑模型,采用EnergyPlus和自编的热舒适计算程序模拟了玻璃幕墙建筑的室内热环境,着重分析了玻璃类型、窗墙比对室内热舒适性的影响.对幕墙建筑室内不同位置PMV值的计算结果表明,人体与玻璃幕墙的相对位置对热舒适影响较大.     

衡阳地区高校学生宿舍夏季室内热环境的研究

为了研究衡阳地区高校学生宿舍在夏季自然通风条件下室内的热环境与热舒适度,对衡阳地区某高校学生宿舍室内的环境参数进行现场测试,并同时对宿舍常驻学生进行了室内热湿环境的主观问卷调查.通过对调研结果分析发现,夏季自然通风条件下,宿舍室内的热感觉为热,相对湿度较高,室内通风效果不佳,63％的学生对宿舍室内的热舒适性表示不满意.利用适应性PMV模型计算得出夏季宿舍室内的热湿环境处于Ⅲ级标准,室内热环境较差.通过线性拟合得到预测平均热感觉PMV与操作温度top的关系式,研究结果得自然通风下学生宿舍夏季室内可接受温度为23.9～28.6℃,室内的热中性温度为26.3℃.     

华侨大学厦门校区图书馆中庭夏季室内热环境实测与分析

本文采用自动记录仪,对华侨大学厦门校区图书馆中庭夏季室内热环境实测。根据测得的室内热环境4个参数,结合PMV分析评价华侨大学厦门校区图书馆中庭夏季室内热环境舒适度。主要结论有:(1)华侨大学厦门校区图书馆在开窗和闭窗状态时,中庭温度随着高度的增加而升高;(2)华侨大学厦门校区图书馆在开窗和闭窗时中庭温度差不多,但是开窗时候湿度变化的曲线幅度范围比闭窗的时候大。(3)华侨大学厦门校区图书馆中庭PMV值随着高度的增加而升高,热舒适性随着高度的增加而下降;(4)华侨大学厦门校区图书馆在夏季时不论在开窗还是闭窗状态下,中庭的室内热环境都处于不舒适的范围内。     

哈尔滨某大型超市夏季室内热环境测试与分析

用室内气候分析仪等仪器对哈尔滨市某大型超市夏季室内热环境参数进行了现场测试，详细介绍了现场采用的测试方法和测试仪器，对各楼层不同区域的PMV—PPD值进行了模拟计算和分析。结果表明：该超市各楼层不同区域的温度分布不均，个别区域的PMV—PPD值不在热舒适范围内。     

基于室内热舒适的山东济南住宅夏季节能影响因素分析

该文基于预测热感指数PMV值及计算机模拟技术,旨在提出一套适用于山东济南地区住宅建筑夏季节能因素的评价方法。选取山东济南地区的某一主卧室为研究对象,设定影响其室内热舒适的南向窗墙比、外墙传热系数、外窗传热系数三个主要因素,在节能规范范围内取值,通过CFD模拟和正交试验计算,得出其对住宅夏季室内热环境舒适度的影响程度。旨在有效地指导济南地区住宅的夏季节能设计。     

青岛市集中供暖住宅室内热环境测试与分析

以青岛市9户冬季集中供暖住宅为研究对象,通过实验的方法对住宅室内温湿度、室外温湿度等热环境参数进行了测试,并且运用Matlab软件对住宅房间的PMV进行了计算.通过数据计算分析得出了青岛集中供暖住宅室内热环境状况能够满足人们的热舒适要求,并且分析了住宅保温、朝向等因素对室内热环境的影响.     

诺邓台梯式四合院夏季热环境实测研究

对诺邓台梯式四合院进行夏季热环境实测,算出室内预计平均热感觉指数(PMV)和预计不满意者的百分率(PPD),并以预计适应性平均热感觉指标(APMV)为依据对室内热舒适进行评价。利用预计平均热感觉指数(PMV)和操作温度(t_(op))进行线性回归得到线性方程,确定夏季热中性温度。结合夏季热环境实测和热舒适研究,分析影响室内热环境的因素,为改善诺邓台梯式四合院室内热舒适提供基础数据。     

商业综合体天窗对室内热舒适度和能耗的影响分析

商业综合体中庭透明天窗的设计,在引入自然光的同时,也将同步带来夏季室内热舒适性降低的困扰。文章采用多种模拟软件,分析天窗在有无外遮阳、不同玻璃形式条件下室内自然室温和热舒适性的差异,以及对空调能耗的影响,分析得出：天窗仅从双银改为三银Low-E中空玻璃后,室内热舒适度仍然较差;但是,在双银Low-E中空玻璃基础上增加活动外遮阳后,室内自然室温大幅度降低,室内热舒适度有效提升,夏季空调能耗也将相应减少。     

普通教室的热环境特性及热工设计问题

针对夏季室内热环境情况，采用现场测试的方法，对部分教室的夏季热环境影响因素进行分析。并利用Fanger热舒适方程，用PMV（Predicted Mean Vote）——预测平均反应，为热舒适做出评价。     

空调房间热环境模型综合评判

引入模糊数学理论,对影响建筑室内热环境的主要环境参数（温度、风速、相对湿度、平均辐射温度）作了大量的调查与实验,建立了室内热环境模糊综合评判模型,并据此评价了几种空调环境。结果表明,模型较好地反映了人员的热感觉,可定量给出室内环境的PMV值。     

藏族闪片木楞房热环境测试与分析

对香格里拉藏族早期民居冬季室内的热环境进行了热环境测试,具体对木楞房民居室内温度、围护结构各壁面温度等参数进行了测试,比较分析,测试结果反映出影响室内热舒适性的温度变化现状,为改善室内热环境的舒适性提出改进建议和措施。     

小中甸夯土墙藏族民居热环境研究

该文对香格里拉小中句藏族民居冬季室内的热环境进行了热环境研究,具体对冬季香格里拉藏族民居室内温度、围护结构各壁面温度等参数进行了测试,比较分析,测试结果反映香格里拉小中甸的气候特征,得出影响室内热舒适性的温度变化现状,这些测试结果将为改善室内热环境的舒适性提供依据。     

Indoor thermal environmental conditions near glazed facades with shading devices – Part I: Experiments and building thermal model

This paper presents an experimental study of indoor thermal environment near a full-scale glass facade with different types of shading devices under varying climatic conditions in winter. Interior glazing and shading temperature, operative temperature and radiant temperature asymmetry were measured for façade sections with roller shades and venetian blinds at different positions. Interior glass surface temperatures can be high during sunny days with low outdoor temperature. Shading systems significantly improved operative temperature and radiant temperature asymmetry during cold sunny days, depending on their properties and tilt angle. During cloudy days the impact was smaller, however the shading layers could still decrease the amount of heat loss through the façade. A transient building thermal model, which also calculates indoor environmental indices under the presence of solar radiation, was developed and compared with the experimental measurements. Part II of this paper uses this validated model with a transient, two-node thermal comfort model (including transmitted solar radiation) for assessment of indoor environmental conditions with different building envelope and shading properties, façade location and orientation.     

拉萨市建筑冬季热环境影响因素测试分析

为了掌握建筑朝向及外窗等因素对拉萨市冬季室内热环境的影响规律,为被动式太阳房的设计和采暖设计提供基础数据,笔者对该地区建筑冬季室内、外热环境进行了测试。结果表明:即使没有采暖系统,当地南向房间仍可基本达到人体热舒适中的温度要求;白天窗帘开启比窗帘关闭可提高南向房间日均室温1.1℃。即使南、北向房间分别采用单层、双层玻璃窗,当白天窗帘关闭时,前者日均室温也比后者高4.0℃;而当白天窗帘均开启时,前者更可高出7.4℃。北向房间双层玻璃窗全关闭与仅外扇关闭相比,日均室温可提高1.2℃。根据测试结果,建议增强北向外围护结构保温性能、增大南向房间透光面积,有利于改善当地建筑冬季室内热环境。     

Parametric studies and evaluations of indoor thermal environment in wet season using a field survey and PMV-PPD method

Fanger's PMV-PPD is the most famous thermal sensation indices but it is too complex to be applied in practice. To obtain simple and applicable correlations, taking Qujing of Yunnan province, China, as example, a wet season (six-month) field measurement was conducted in a naturally ventilated residential room. Based on collected data, PMV indices were calculated by using Newton's iterative method. It is shown that the PMV values approximately vary from −1.0 to +1.0 and the indoor thermal environment is basically comfortable. Relationships of the parameters (indoor and outdoor air temperatures, mean radiant temperature, PMV and PPD) and indoor air temperature gradients (vertical and horizontal) were also studied by means of the linear regression and the quadratic polynomial fit techniques. Numerous correlations with high relativities have been developed. Moreover, the vertical and horizontal air temperature gradients range from 0.1 K/m to 0.85 K/m and from −0.208 K/m to 0.063 K/m in wet season. It is convenient to use these results to evaluate and assess the indoor thermal environment under similar climatic conditions. The results of this work enrich and develop the basic theory of the indoor thermal environment design and control.     

轻质复合围护结构建筑的室内热环境分析

轻质复合围护结构越来越广泛的用于现代建筑中,但是与以往的重质围护结构建筑相比,对它的热环境状况却研究甚少。本文通过对轻质复合围护结构内部各项热物理参数的测定,运用热应力指数(HSI)评价、分析了其内部热环境,并与传统的热重质围护结构进行比较,得到了轻质复合围护结构热环境不舒适的真正原因。     

封闭阳台对夏季室内热环境的影响

论述了封闭阳台的夏季热过程。从构成建筑室内热环境的4个要素的角度出发,简单分析了封闭阳台在夏季对室内热环境产生的不利影响,针对如何降低封闭阳台对室内热环境的不利影响提出了几点建议。     

哈尔滨地区既有住宅冬季室内热环境研究及其优化设计

2013年对哈尔滨地区部分既有住宅室内温度测试发现:典型起居室室内平均温度16.2℃,点测90%室内不足18℃;遂采用正交实验法和全因素实验法对哈尔滨地区既有住宅就围护结构及采暖方式进行优化。对比Fluent模拟结果发现,当使用壁挂式采暖器时,采暖温度起主要影响作用,以EPS保温板为例:370 mm外墙选用90 mm厚保温层、PVC三玻窗、采暖器表面温度65℃。当采用表面温度23℃低温辐射供暖时,保温层对其影响较大,370 mm外墙选用100 mm厚保温层、20 mm双玻塑钢窗,当墙体厚度为490 mm时将保温层减少5 mm。     

A multivariate-logistic model for acceptance of indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in offices

The indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in offices is examined from the prospect of an occupant's acceptance in four aspects: thermal comfort, indoor air quality, noise level and illumination level. Based on the evaluations made by 293 occupants of the IEQ of offices in Hong Kong, empirical expressions have been proposed to approximate an overall IEQ acceptance of an office environment at certain operative temperature (T_o), carbon dioxide concentration (CO₂), equivalent noise level (L_eq) and illumination level (lux). The overall IEQ acceptance is calculated from a multivariate logistic regression model. A range of acceptance in typical office environmental conditions and its dependence on the four parameters stated above are determined for design conditions. The proposed overall IEQ acceptance can be used as a quantitative assessment criterion for an office environment and similar environment where an occupant's evaluation is expected.