浅谈重金属对污水处理中活性污泥影响

综述了污水处理中重金属对生物反应动力学常数,活性污泥微生物群落结构及污水生物处理效率的影响,进而研究了重金属对生物脱氮除磷的毒性效应,对提高污水处理效果具有重要的现实意义。     

污水生物除磷模型研究进展

阐述了生物除磷ASM2d及扩展模型、ASM3及扩展模型、Johansson模型以及生物除磷代谢模型的各自特点。ASM3将贮藏组分引入到所有微生物中，EAWAG的bio-P模块引入生物除磷过程对经校核的3号模型进行扩展。Johansson提出的模型包括特定的有机氮和有机磷组分，它不是ASM2d的扩展，其思想可移植到ASM2d中。生物除磷的代谢模型需要较少的动力学参数，比较有影响的是Smolder模型，Kuba、Filipe、Mumleitner、Brdjanovic等人在其基础上进行修正和扩展，提出了完整的生物除磷代谢模型。     

活性污泥模型ASM的生化反应动力学

活性污泥生化反应动力学和化学计量学是活性数学模型建立的基础。本文介绍国际水质协会模型中的主要生化过程力学，重点讨论了微生物生长和基质利用、微生物的衰减、颗粒性有机物水解、磷的吸收和释放过程。     

城市污水生物脱氮除磷应用技术

对近年来国内外城市污水生物脱氮除磷工艺机理的研究成果进行了综述 ,介绍了几种常见的生物脱氮除磷工艺 ,并从生物脱氮除磷系统内微生物群体动态平衡的角度详细论述了生物脱氮除磷工艺的影响因素 .     

反硝化除磷的生物化学代谢模型

基于Delft科技大学和活性污泥法动力学模型（ASM2D）推出的反硝化除磷生物化学代谢模型，从生物除磷的计量学和动力学两方面介绍了反硝化除磷过程一系列复杂的生化反应机理。反硝化除磷与传统好氧除磷的生化反应机理非常相似，两种除磷模式的许多化学计量学和动力学方程可以通用；好氧除磷动力学所涉及的一部分参数同时也适用于反硝化除磷动力学；两者最大的区别就是氧化单位NADH2所吸收的磷酸盐量（P／NADH2）不同。引起两者P／NADH2值不同的最根本原因在于：以氧气作为电子受体和以硝态氮作为电子受体，消耗单位NADH2所产生的ATP量不同。在An／ASBR反硝化除磷系统中，测得该值为1．0molATP／molNADH2，此值较An／OS-BR型好氧吸磷系统降低了40％左右。     

生物除磷及其生化机理研究

利用氧化还原电位控制整个反应过程，研究了厌氧、好氧状态下磷酸盐和PHB、COD之间的关系，并根据厌氧和好氧状态下有关的生化模型，较深入地探讨了生物除磷过程的生化机理。     

微生物细胞糖类物质含量的变化对生物除磷的影响

分别以葡萄糖和醋酸为主要进水有机物，通过两只序批式反应器的连续运行，揭示了污水生物除磷工艺中，微生物细胞糖类物质含量的变化与微生物摄磷能力之间的关系，发现将微生物细胞糖类物质含量控制在较低水平是实现高效生物除磷的一个重要条件。     

改进型MSBR工艺特点与运行效果

介绍了MSBR污水处理流程，从水力学、生化反应动力学及微生物生长环境条件等方面分析了MSBR工艺的运行特点。理论分析及实际运行效果都表明，MSBR工艺运行灵活、控制方便、生化反应速率高、脱氮除磷效果好，总体性能优良。     

污水处理厂冬季运行中生物脱氮除磷效果的分析

通过对污水处理厂两系(统)生化反应池2012年—2013年冬季的调试运行和出水氨氮、总磷以及相关生化指标的分析,尤其是溶解氧、污泥负荷与污泥龄对生物脱氮除磷的影响,发现该厂由于生化反应水力停留时间较短,冬季若要确保氨氮去除率保持稳定,可通过控制污泥负荷维持在0.1~0.14 kg BOD5/(kg MLSS·d),单纯提高溶解氧对提高氨氮去除率无明显作用;对于目前该厂泥龄相对较长的体系来说,冬季控制泥龄在15 d可以获得较好的生物除磷效果。     

微生物以葡萄糖类物质含量的变化对生物除磷的影响

分别以葡萄糖和醋酸为主要进水有机物，通过两只序批式反应器的连续运行，揭示了污水生物除磷工艺中，微生物细胞糖类物质含量的变化与微生物摄磷能力之间的关系，发现将微生物细胞糖类物质含量控制在较低水平是实现高效生物除磷的一个重要条件。     

Organoleads in the environment: a review

The automobile and its use have been proposed as major sources of environmental organolead compounds. However, confirmation of this proposition was not possible until analytical technology evolved to give sufficient sensitivity to detect small quantities of lead species in small samples of environmental materials. It was further hypothesized that various biochemical pathways could convert inorganic lead ion to organolead species, a proposal which has been examined by several groups over many years. Once it was unequivocally established that organolead species can occur in the environment as a result of anthropogenic activity or naturally occurring biotic or abiotic processes, our group and others have examined the possible and likely biochemical effects associated with the environmental processes of organolead species. Research in this area has focused on examining the interactions of certain algae with a variety of organolead species. This paper discusses the evolution of environmental organolead biogeochemical research over the past 15 years.     

青海强盐渍粉砂土MICP的有效性探索

在极端环境中发现原生高产脲酶微生物并开展岩土体的固强研究,是岩土体微生物矿化研究的一个热点和难点.该文在青海柴达木地区的强盐渍土中发现一种新型原生高产脲酶微生物,在强盐环境中,试验该微生物的盐耐受性和矿化性能,开展被加固土体力学强度试验.结果表明:在强盐渍环境下,该新型微生物脲酶活性保持在3.02U～5.03U.在强盐...     

An extension of ASM2d including pH calculation

This paper presents an extension of the Activated Sludge Model No. 2d (ASM2d) including a chemical model able to calculate the pH value in biological processes. The developed chemical model incorporates the complete set of chemical species affecting the pH value to ASM2d describing non-equilibrium biochemical processes. It considers the system formed by one aqueous phase, in which biochemical processes take place, and one gaseous phase, and is based on the assumptions of instantaneous chemical equilibrium under liquid phase and kinetically governed mass transport between the liquid and gas phase. The ASM2d enlargement comprises the addition of every component affecting the pH value and an ion-balance for the calculation of the pH value and the dissociation species. The significant pH variations observed in a sequencing batch reactor operated for enhanced biological phosphorus removal were used to verify the capability of the extended model for predicting the dynamics of pH jointly with concentrations of acetic acid and phosphate. A pH inhibition function for polyphosphate accumulating bacteria has also been included in the model to simulate the behaviour observed. Experimental data obtained in four different experiments (with different sludge retention time and influent phosphorus concentrations) were accurately reproduced.     

微生物在堆肥化中的应用研究

介绍了堆肥化的基本原理、分类和堆肥微生物的种类,概括了目前国内外将微生物的混合培养应用于堆肥的情况,着重介绍了微生物的混合培养有利于对纤维素的降解以及提高微生物对纤维素降解能力的途径。     

光合细菌在环境污染防治中的应用

光合细菌作为一类古老的细菌类群,在环境污染防治中发挥着十分重要的作用。笔者对光合细菌在有机废水处理、养殖水质净化以及产氢等方面的应用进行了综述,指出光合细菌在该领域的应用前景和发展方向。     

Effects of antibacterials use in aquaculture on biogeochemical processes in marine sediment

The effects of chloramphenicol on microorganism in marine sediment were studied by spiked experiments in this paper. The results showed that high concentrations of chloramphenicol could inhibit the activities of microorganism in sediment, and that the growth of strains Pseudomons and Acinetobacter in sediment that can degrade organic matters were inhibited apparently. Furthermore, the resistance of heterotrophic bacteria in sediment had developed due to the use of antibacterials. Based on the above results potential environmental effects of antibacterials on microorganism in marine sediment were analyzed.     

Model system of bulking and flocculation in mixed culture of Sphaerotilus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. for dissolved oxygen deficiency and high loading

A mixed continuous culture system was made up as a model for bulking and flocculation phenomena of the activated sludge to study the effect of dissolved oxygen (DO) deficiency and the effect of high organic loading. The system consisted of a floc forming bacterium and a filamentous bacterium which were isolated from the activated sludge and were identified as Pseudomonas sp. and Sphaerotilus sp., respectively. Sphaerotilus sp. had potential to cause a filamentous bulking phenomenon on the activated sludge. It was observed that the filamentous microorganism showed three kinds of growth form, filamentous form, pellet form and dispersed form, and that the floc former showed two kinds of growth form, good floc form and dispersed form. In the model system, these changes of growth form of two microorganisms, which could be thought as the cause of settling characteristics changes, depended on the DO level and the dilution rate (as a substitution for organic loading). The DO level also influence the aggregative ability of each microorganism and the maximum oxygen uptake rate, Q_O2max, of filamentous microorganism. The proportions of both microorganisms in model system were inverted reversibly by the DO level or the dilution rate changes.     

浅析医院中央空调保养的重要性

对医院中央空调水系统、通风系统容易出现水垢、锈垢、细菌微生物污染危害等现象进行了分析,从水垢、锈垢、细菌微生物污染等对中央空调系统的危害进行了论述,提出医院中央空调清洗、保养的方法,证实了医院中央空调保养的重要性。     

水质处理技术在大中型集中空调系统中的应用

忽视水质处理是目前空调系统运行管理中普遍存在的一个问题,其后果是设备及管道出现腐蚀、结垢和微生物繁殖,最终导致设备效率大幅下降,运行成本大幅上升,设备及管道提前报废。目前通用的水处理方法有物理方式以及化学加药方式,选用什么方式及产品来保持水质稳定是集中空调系统用户必须面临的问题。建议对于大中型集中空调系统优先选用化学加药水处理方式。