Effect of building stiffness on tunnelling-induced ground movement

The progressive response of two–three storey masonry buildings to bored tunnelling on the Jubilee Line Extension in London is investigated in order to determine the effect of building stiffness on tunnelling-induced ground movement. The masonry buildings, at Moodkee Street and Keetons Estate, were affected by tunnelling with earth pressure balance machines on Contract 105 of the Jubilee Line Extension. Bending deformations and axial strain induced in these structures are compared to greenfield ground deformations and strain in order to infer the effect of building stiffness. The modifying influence of the stiffness of these buildings on ground movement is interpreted using the Potts and Addenbrooke [Potts D.M., Addenbrooke, T.I., 1997. A structure’s influence on tunnelling induced ground movements. Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. 125 (2), 109–125] method, which is based on a series of finite element analyses. The inferred building stiffness that can be used for design purposes with the Potts and Addenbrooke method is compared to an estimation for a Class A [Lambe, T.W., 1973. Predictions in geotechnical engineering. Geotechnique 23 (2), 149–202] prediction exercise by Mair and Taylor [Mair, R.J., Taylor, R.N., 2001. Settlement predictions for Neptune, Murdoch and Clegg Houses and adjacent masonry walls. Building response to tunnelling – case studies from construction of the Jubilee Line Extension, London. In: Burland, J.B., Standing, J.R., Jardine, F.M. (Eds.), Projects and Methods, vol. 1. CIRIA SP200, pp. 217–228 (CIRIA and Thomas Telford, 2001). ISBN: 0 7277 30177] using the same method. As a result an alternative approach is proposed for estimating the relative bending stiffness of masonry structures for future use with the Potts and Addenbrooke method when making simple predictions.     

Integrated life-cycle design of building enclosures

In spite of the progress in developing methods and tools to support sustainable building design, there is still a lack of a formal approach to bridge the “no man’s land” gap between the traditional building engineering disciplines, and between these and the architecture, to achieve the level of building integration required for sustainability. This paper presents an integration framework that aims at facilitating the inclusion of life-cycle considerations in the design process from the outset, so that materials and systems are selected not only from environmentally friendly resources, but most importantly, to match service life performance expectations. The framework describes an iterative methodology to evaluate these expectations in practice, which is based on an understanding and modeling of the dynamics of the built environment to which materials, components, and systems are exposed. Quantitative methods and test protocols can be incorporated into the framework for assessing function-performance aspects of alternative solutions. Due to its complexity stemming from its inherent exposure to variable environmental loads and its multi-functionality, the framework focuses on addressing the life cycle of the building enclosure system. It is expected that the organization of the underlying principles of building life-cycle performance described in this paper will become a knowledge core that will facilitate a more integrated treatment of buildings in research, education, and practice.     

热塑性防水卷材设计与施工有关问题的探讨

通过北京地铁复—八线及北京天外天小商品市场地下工程的应用实践，对热塑性防水卷材的设计、施工中的有关问题进行探讨。     

谈我国发展绿色建筑的几个问题

在介绍绿色建筑的含义和特点的基础上,论述了我国发展绿色建筑的障碍和存在的问题,提出了一些看法和对策.     

建筑物的智能化系统工程改造应受到重视

本文首先研究了建筑物改造的类型及其意义，然后从工程经验出发总结了改造建筑物的智能化系统工程的特点与技术方法。     

从安亭新镇谈居住建筑的移植

本文通过分析安亭新镇的建筑实践,强调在“建筑移植”中关注居住文化和住宅形式的内在关系的重要性。     

认知 空间 环境——青岛农业大学建筑设计基础课程教学模式研究

以青岛农业大学建筑设计基础课程教学改革为基础,针对传统农业院校建筑学专业建筑设计基础教学模式的局限性,提出从建筑认知、空间创造力、建筑景观环境整体性等几方面构建教学内容,并对如何适应农业院校建筑学专业的特殊性,以及培养学生空间创造力和景观环境整体性等问题进行了探讨和研究。     

建筑性能模拟软件在绿色建筑设计不同阶段的应用效果比较

建筑性能模拟软件在绿色建筑设计中承担了重要的作用,在本研究中主要探讨模拟软件使用的不同时期如何影响建筑性能表现和设计策略的选择。基于不同工作方式(不同阶段引入模拟软件)的两个真实设计案例,通过采访建筑师和调研设计过程的文本和资料,分析了两种不同工作方式的设计效果差异。模拟软件在早期介入的方案可以考虑更多与当地气候相适应的被动式的设计策略,而模拟软件在晚期介入的方案更多地考虑用主动技术的方式来实现建筑性能的指标。本研究建议将被动式设计策略引入到绿色建筑评估体系中,以鼓励设计团队在早期设计阶段就采用模拟软件指导设计的工作方式。     

上海地区高层住宅围护结构节能技术分析

为配合上海地区新建住宅全面执行65%节能标准的实施,本文根据该地区某高层住宅的节能设计工程实践,分析不同屋面、外墙及外窗的选型对高层住宅能耗的影响,比较了不同计算模式对选型的影响,提出了建筑方案设计阶段的围护结构节能设计策略,给出了高层住宅节能65%的可选围护结构方案。     

《建筑节能工程施工验收规范》对建筑电气技术影响的研究

2007年10月发布的《建筑节能工程施工验收规范》（GB50411-2007）是一个强制性国家标准,旨在加强建筑节能工程的施工质量管理,统一建筑节能施工验收质量的标准。《规范》第一次把节能工程明确规定为建筑工程的一项分部工程,提高了建筑工程的验收标准。其中的配电与照明分项工程,提出了明确的节能方面的要求,需要建筑电气的设计、施工和监理岗位从业人员认真研究并贯彻到工程实践之中。     

Evaluation of an Active Building Envelope window-system

Active Building Envelope (ABE) systems are a new enclosure technology which integrate photovoltaic (PV) and thermoelectric (TE) technologies. In ABE systems, a PV-system transfers solar energy directly into electrical energy, which can be used to power a TE heat-pump system. ABE-technologies allow for the development of thermal enclosure systems that have the ability to regulate their temperature (cooling or heating) by interacting with the sun. Applications include various enclosures that require thermal control, including building enclosures. This study considers the performance of the overall prototype ABE window-systems, and also includes the PV systems. This paper reports experimental results to establish the efficiency of the ABE system prototype. Computational analysis based upon PV modeling theories are carried out to simulate the performance of the PV system directly connected to a series of TE modules. The number and type of electrical connections for the TE modules is discussed in order to pursue the maximum power point for PV operation.     

BIM建筑性能分析应用价值探讨

建设项目的景观可视度、日照、风环境、热环境、声环境等性能指标在开发前期就已经基本确定，但是由于缺少合适的技术手段，一般项目很难有时间和费用对上述各种性能指标进行多方案分析模拟，BIM技术为建筑性能分析的普及应用提供了可能性。     

建筑物整体移动几个关键技术的研究

对建筑物整体移动施工前的准备工作进行了具体分析 ,为提高建筑物移动后的安全系数提出了合理化建议 ,同时介绍了建筑物整体移动的方式 :移动过程中的旋转和移动到位后的旋转 ,以及移动后的修复工作。并指出了工程中急需解决的问题及相应的对策 ,为实施建筑物的整体移动提供了理论依据 ,为实际工程的应用提供了必要的条件。     

Climate adapted design of masonry structures

This paper presents challenges concerning design of masonry structures in severe climates. Empirical data on the design and performance of masonry buildings in Norway are presented, based on a comprehensive analysis of 302 process induced masonry defect assignments over a 20-year period from 1983 to 2002. Analyses of building defects are necessary in order to further develop tools, solutions and preventive measures ensuring high-performance building envelopes. The results illuminate the vulnerability of masonry under varying climatic exposure. The amount of masonry defects in Norway illustrates that it is not only the extreme weather events that need to be studied as a foundation for geographically dependent design guidelines. Driving rain and frost action are the principal climatic challenges to be considered in the pursuit of high-performance masonry structures. Shrinkage and thermal movement, the most frequent defect category, dominate independent of the climatic impact. Merely small errors or mistakes can bring about major and often irreparable defects or damage to masonry structuresA large part of the cases could have been avoided through more detailed engineering and applied knowledge on existing design guidelines. Finally, performance requirements for better design guidelines are presented. The need for design guidelines to ensure local climate adaptation and improved design guidelines on movement joints is also revealed.     

科学认识建筑智能化及其发展

建筑智能化技术经过20多年的发展己经成为一个新的学科,因为其有自己的问题、应用市场和发展规律,所以教育科研领域只有正视其存在,认识并且大力发展新学科的建设工作,才能保证在新一轮的国际性科技经济市场竞争中赢得一席之地。     

Artificial intelligence and networking in integrated building management systems

In recent years the emphasis has moved towards integrating all a building's systems via centralised building management systems (BMS). To provide a more intelligent approach to the facility management, safety and energy control in building management systems (IBMS), this paper proposes a methodology for integrating the data within a BMS via a single multi-media networking technology and providing the BMS with artificial intelligence (AI) through the use of knowledge-based systems (KBS) technology. By means of artificial intelligence, the system is capable of assessing, diagnosing and suggesting the best solution. This paper outlines how AI techniques can enhance the control of HVAC systems for occupant comfort and efficient running costs based on occupancy prediction. Also load control and load balancing are investigated. Instead of just using pre-programmed load priorities, this work has investigated the use of a dynamic system of priorities which are based on many factors such as area usage, occupancy, time of day and real time environmental conditions. This control strategy which is based on a set of rules running on the central control system, makes use of information gathered from outstations throughout the building and communicated via the building's data-bus.     

浅谈绿色建筑节地设计——以重庆市建科院办公科研大楼方案设计为例

近年来我国的建设活动日益加大,其对土地的需求也越来越大,而我国土地资源严重不足,建筑师如何做好节地设计成为了解决这一现实矛盾的关键。文章以重庆市建科院办公科研大楼方案设计为案例,阐述了实际工程中节地设计的思路,并总结了绿色办公建筑节地设计的8项原则和要点;对今后绿色建筑的节地设计有一定启示。     

绿色建材及其可持续发展

介绍了绿色建材的概念、特点，分析了中国建材目前存在的问题和不可持续发展的现状，探讨并分析了发展绿色建材的必要性和前景。     

整合的建筑系统——常熟理工学院东湖校区化学实验楼设计

设计针对外在限制条件进行理性分析，对建筑系统进行统筹设计和优化组合从而确定基本的设计框架，并通过发挥创造性思维形成技术整合的亮点，营造了一个既尊重环境、又富于个性的校园建筑。     

城市大型生态区建筑空间形态控制方法研究——以成都市环城生态区为例

近年来,许多大城市在扩张过程中在城区内部或周边保留了以生态绿地为主的城市大型生态区,但生态区内原有的乡镇建设控制以及生态区边缘与城市中心区的衔接方式往往成为城市规划管理的难点.研究以成都市环城生态区为例,从空间感知与视线分析的角度出发,通过合理的景观评价影响与空间几何关系转化,针对城市大型生态区内的建筑空间形态控制,提出一套科学完善的控制方法,并落实地块的各类控制指标,实现城市设计与控制性详细规划编制之间的无缝衔接,为规划管理和建设实施提供参考.