青岛麦岛污水处理厂的污泥中温消化和热电联产

介绍了污泥中温消化和热电联产在青岛麦岛污水处理厂二期工程(14×104m3/d)中的应用,其消化污泥来自化学强化MultifloTrio的初沉污泥和曝气生物滤池Biostyr剩余污泥的混合污泥。此种混合污泥沼气产气率高,经中温厌氧消化所产沼气全部用于发电,可满足全厂65%以上的用电需求,回收的余热可加热消化池的污泥,经济效益突出。     

北方地区污泥厌氧消化工艺应用现状分析

通过对我国北方地区108座大型污水处理厂污泥处理工艺的调研,总结了污泥厌氧消化工艺在我国北方大型污水处理厂的应用现状.结果显示,在108座污水处理厂中,共有27座采用厌氧消化工艺,其中具有代表性的9座污水厂中仅有3座正常运行.针对采用污泥厌氧消化工艺的污水处理厂,分别从工艺类型、污泥泥质、消化池池型、污泥搅拌系统、沼气利用以及系统运行管理等方面对污泥厌氧消化系统的运行状况进行了对比分析,探讨了污泥厌氧消化工艺在我国北方大型城市污水处理厂应用中存在的主要问题,并指出了解决方向.     

污水处理厂污泥消化系统设计与运行管理经验浅谈

郑州于新庄污水处理厂(40×104m3/d)是淮河流域最大的污水处理厂,其污泥利用厌氧消化进行稳定处理及浓缩脱水。所产沼气用来驱动鼓风机,余热配合沼气锅炉加热消化污泥。本文总结了整个污泥消化系统设计、运行管理的经验与不足,并提出今后污泥消化系统设计工作中应注意的几个问题。     

德国城市污水处理厂污泥处理的能量回收利用

主要介绍了德国城市污水处理厂污泥厌氧处理工艺发展和技术水平。对污泥消化池的池型与搅拌技术选择进行了重点分析,并针对德国最流行的沼气利用技术,即沼气马达-热电联产设备(BHKW)进行经济性分析。分别从工艺、政策、管理层面介绍了德国污泥厌氧消化技术的现状,对该技术的发展趋势进行了展望。     

污水处理厂沼气发电的经济性分析

介绍了法国2006年颁布的沼气利用政府法令以及沼气发电的价格体系,并以法国南部某污水处理厂为例,分析了污水处理厂利用污泥厌氧消化产生的沼气进行发电的技术经济可行性.研究表明,沼气发电在经济上完全可行,可在3年左右收回投资成本;选择适当功率的发电机,沼气发电后的余热还能保证消化池的正常运行,每处理1 m3污水产生的电能达0.191 kW·h.此外,结合我国现有沼气发电的成功经验,指出污水处理厂的污泥采取厌氧消化、沼气发电进行综合利用,具有良好的发展前景.     

郑州市马头岗污水处理厂污泥热干化系统工艺设计

郑州市马头岗污水处理厂污泥热干化工程将污泥厌氧消化处理产生的沼气首先用于脱水污泥的热干化处理,将热干化尾气中的热量回收用于厌氧消化系统污泥的加热及消化罐的保温,通过能源的重复利用,在无需外加能源的情况下,实现了污泥厌氧消化+热干化系统的能量自平衡。该工程的成功运行对城镇污水处理厂污泥处理处置工艺选择具有示范意义。     

海口市污水处理厂污泥消化的运行分析

白沙门污水处理厂(30×104m3/d)是海口市利用德国政府软贷款兴建的第一座城市污水处理厂,处理工艺为高负荷生物处理加深海排放。2005年以前,该厂污泥仅经重力浓缩后直接离心脱水。在消化池投入运行后,污泥利用厌氧消化进行稳定处理及离心脱水,产生的沼气用来发电,其废热用于加热消化池污泥。从消化对污泥脱水、污泥量及其经济效益和环境影响等方面进行对比分析,阐明消化作为稳定工艺的必要性。在运行中应加强对沼气脱硫塔的维护,避免由于磷酸铵镁(MAP)的形成而堵塞污泥管道,同时还应积累对沼气发电机组的操作及其维护的经验。     

城市污泥两相法厌氧消化工艺的研究概述

如何更好的利用污水处理厂污泥进行厌氧消化制取沼气,对节约能源、降低污水处理成本,具有一定的现实意义。但传统厌氧处理法(即一相法)效率低、停留时间长、运行也不够稳定。为此人们都在研究新的污泥厌氧消化工艺。所谓两相厌氧消化,就是把产酸与产甲     

碳中和运行的国际先驱奥地利Strass污水厂案例剖析

碳中和运行是未来污水处理的一种国际趋势。奥地利斯特拉斯(Strass)污水处理厂以主流传统工艺(AB法)与侧流现代工艺(厌氧氨氧化)相结合方式实现剩余污泥产量最大化,在2005年通过厌氧消化产甲烷并热电联产实现了108%的能源自给率,完全达到碳中和运行目标。目前,该厂利用剩余污泥与厂外厨余垃圾厌氧共消化,使得能源自给率高达200%,不仅实现能源自给自足,而且还有一半所产生的能量可以向厂外供应,已成为名副其实的"能源工厂"。在介绍该厂工艺流程的基础上,重点剖析其剩余污泥产生、厌氧转化生物气并热电联产供热、供电方面的作法与经验。     

污泥常温厌氧消化和运行操作的规律

1 概述 天津市纪庄子污水处理厂采用比较完善的污泥处理和处置工艺,全部污泥经厌氧消化处理.消化后的污泥经压虑机脱水后农用、填埋,产生的沼气用于沼气搅拌及沼气发电,运行十几年来取得了宝贵的经验.为保持污泥中温消化温度,利用锅炉(燃煤)提供的热水经热交换器为污泥加热,以保证污泥温度保持在(30～35℃),为达到这一恒定温度,无论从能源消耗及工艺管理方面都提出了较高的要求.     

污泥厌氧消化工艺设计与运行中值得探讨的问题

针对污泥厌氧消化工艺设计及运行管理过程中出现的问题，讨论了莫氏曲线的应用对象，提出了建立科学的污泥厌氧消化性能及系统运行评价体系的建议，探讨了厌氧消化工艺对不同污泥应用的可行性，分析了污泥产气中H：S浓度的变化规律，指出了制定泥质标准分析方法的必要性，以促进污泥厌氧消化工艺的研究，进一步优化工艺设计和提高运行管理水平。     

城市污水处理厂剩余污泥厌氧消化试验研究

以北京市某污水处理厂的剩余污泥为研究对象，对该污泥的理论产气量进行了估算，考察了投加接种污泥和未投加接种污泥条件下污泥厌氧消化的产气情况，并分析了污泥消化前、后的泥质特点。结果表明：与未接种条件相比，污泥厌氧消化前采用投加接种污泥的方式可大大促进消化反应的进行，加快污泥的产气速率，使厌氧消化周期缩短近1／4，但对污泥的总产气量影响较小；在厌氧消化正常运行条件下，污泥产气量达到总产气量的90％时所需反应时间约为16d，可将其作为污泥厌氧消化工艺较为理想的消化周期；剩余污泥的消化性能差、产气率低、试验产气量占理论产气量的比例〈50％，在工程上单独的剩余污泥不宜采用厌氧消化工艺处理。     

超声破解促进污泥高温厌氧消化研究

城市污水厂的剩余污泥经槽式超声波反应器预处理后,被投加到小型高温厌氧反应器中进行消化处理,通过改变投配率来控制厌氧消化时间,研究超声破解对高温厌氧消化反应速率和效率的影响。试验结果表明,与未经预处理的污泥相比,超声破解能够明显提高污泥高温厌氧消化的生物气产量及对有机物的去除率。控制组在停留时间为20d时对TCOD的去除率为37.29%,而破解污泥在第8天时的去除率就达到了39.60%。这表明污泥经超声破解后其厌氧消化性能得到改善,超声破解不但可以提高厌氧消化对有机物的去除率,而且可以缩短反应时间,在不影响厌氧消化反应正常进行的条件下,还实现了污泥的减量化。     

白龙港污水处理厂污泥厌氧消化系统的设计和调试

白龙港污泥处理工程主要处理白龙港污水处理厂200×104 m3/d污水处理产生的污泥,采用浓缩、中温厌氧消化、污泥脱水和部分脱水污泥干化处理工艺,消化产生的沼气用于加热消化池污泥,多余的沼气作为能源干化脱水污泥。干化处理后冷凝水的余热回收辅助用于污泥消化系统供热。介绍了污泥厌氧消化系统的设计参数、工艺特点及调试情况,可供设计人员参考。     

太原循环经济环卫产业园固体废物污水处理厂工艺设计

为解决太原循环经济环卫产业园内生活垃圾焚烧处理处置、餐厨垃圾处理处置及其他固废处理处置过程中产生的高浓度废水处理问题,拟新建一座污水处理厂。设计处理规模为1 200 t/d,主要包括750 t/d的焚烧厂垃圾渗滤液和450 t/d的餐厨沼液。渗滤液处理采用"气浮+调节池+内循环厌氧反应器+两级A/O-MBR"的核心工艺,餐厨沼液处理采用"气浮+调节池+两级A/O-MBR"的核心工艺。污泥处理采用"离心脱水+热干化"工艺,处理后污泥含水率≤30%,干化污泥采用密封车辆送至焚烧厂焚烧处理。试运行结果表明,出水水质稳定达到设计标准。污水处理厂总投资为1.3亿元,污水处理直接成本为23.5元/t。     

Operating Experiences of Sludge Disinfection and Stabilization at Colburn Sewage Treatment Works, Yorkshire

A NEW integrated sludge treatment plant was installed at Colburn sewage treatment works (STW) in 1986. The plant comprises a number of novel features including a continuous gravity thickener features including a continuous gravity thickener, a pasteurization unit using submerged combustion of digester gas for sludge heating, a peat-bed odour control system, and a 'pump-our/pump-in'prefabricated anaerobic digester. Plant operation is controlled automatically by a computer system The performance of the thickener has been in accordance with predictions and has achieved at least a halving of raw sludge volume. The submerged combustion plant has consistently heated the sludge to 70°C with high efficiency of gas utilization before the anaerobic digestion stage. Some problems were experienced with the continuity of supply of the raw sludge but overall the plant has performed very satisfactorily with the production of a high quality disinfected and stabilized sludge for use by local farmers.     

Model selection, identification and validation in anaerobic digestion: a review

Anaerobic digestion enables waste (water) treatment and energy production in the form of biogas. The successful implementation of this process has lead to an increasing interest worldwide. However, anaerobic digestion is a complex biological process, where hundreds of microbial populations are involved, and whose start-up and operation are delicate issues. In order to better understand the process dynamics and to optimize the operating conditions, the availability of dynamic models is of paramount importance. Such models have to be inferred from prior knowledge and experimental data collected from real plants. Modeling and parameter identification are vast subjects, offering a realm of approaches and methods, which can be difficult to fully understand by scientists and engineers dedicated to the plant operation and improvements. This review article discusses existing modeling frameworks and methodologies for parameter estimation and model validation in the field of anaerobic digestion processes. The point of view is pragmatic, intentionally focusing on simple but efficient methods.     

Methane emission during municipal wastewater treatment

Municipal wastewater treatment plants emit methane. Since methane is a potent greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change, the abatement of the emission is necessary to achieve a more sustainable urban water management. This requires thorough knowledge of the amount of methane that is emitted from a plant, but also of the possible sources and sinks of methane on the plant. In this study, the methane emission from a full-scale municipal wastewater facility with sludge digestion was evaluated during one year. At this plant the contribution of methane emissions to the greenhouse gas footprint were slightly higher than the CO₂ emissions related to direct and indirect fossil fuel consumption for energy requirements. By setting up mass balances over the different unit processes, it could be established that three quarters of the total methane emission originated from the anaerobic digestion of primary and secondary sludge. This amount exceeded the carbon dioxide emission that was avoided by utilizing the biogas. About 80% of the methane entering the activated sludge reactor was biologically oxidized. This knowledge led to the identification of possible measures for the abatement of the methane emission.     

THE EFFECTS OF IMPROVING SEWAGE SLUDGE DIGESTION

A model was developed and tested to investigate the effects of various parameters on the processing costs of anaerobic digestion. The model was based on empirical data collected from full-scale plants which varied in size from 35,000 to 900,000 population equivalents. (Equivalent to loading rates of 0.5 to 2.7 kg VS/m³/d.) In spite of different operating regimes and conditions of the plants analysed, various relationships were discovered between: sludge quality and volatile solids destruction; sludge quality and biogas yield; and, effluent volatile solids and dewatering. Where correlations existed, these were used to make predictions on operating costs of the digestion and dewatering plant based on sensitivity analysis. The results of the model were used to make recommendations on how to optimise the operation of an anaerobic digestion plant.