水泥粉质黄黏土的工程特性探讨

水泥粉质黄黏土(以下简称水泥黄土)的强度随着水泥掺入比增大而增加,但在掺入比较小时,强度随掺入比增大而增加的幅度较大;在掺入比较大时,强度随掺入比增大而增加的幅度较小。当水泥掺入比较大时,水泥黄土的后期强度增长值得期待。侧压力在增大水泥黄土轴向抗压强度方面的贡献是比较小的。水泥的掺入比对水泥黄土的最优含水量及最大干密度影响不大;水泥黄土(尤其是掺入比较大)的水稳定性是比较好的。水泥黄土中生成了新的结晶物,所有影响水泥黄土中胶结物含量的因素都是影响水泥黄土强度的因素。从水泥黄土的应力应变关系看,水泥黄土存在一个临界水泥掺入比,从本次试验中看应该是12%左右;在此掺入比以上,从水泥黄土破坏应变(通常fε=1%~2%)和变形模量看,水泥黄土表现为一种脆性材料的特性。     

聚丙烯纤维对水泥土力学性能的影响

本文分析了聚丙烯纤维掺入量及水泥的掺入量对水泥土强度和弹性模量影响的机理,通过试验分析表明,纤维的掺入量在一定的范围内,水泥土的强度随纤维掺入量的增加而增大,当纤维的掺入量超过这个范围其强度反而降低,而弹性模量随纤维掺入量的增加而减小;当纤维掺入量固定不变时,水泥土的强度和弹性模量随着水泥的掺入量增加而增大。     

聚丙烯纤维对水泥土力学性能的影响

本文分析了聚丙烯纤维掺入量及水泥的掺入量对水泥土强度和弹性模量影响的机理，通过试验分析表明，纤维的掺入量在一定的范围内，水泥土的强度随纤维掺入量的增加而增大，当纤维的掺入量超过这个范围其强度反而降低，而弹性模量随纤维掺入量的增加而减小；当纤维掺入量固定不变时，水泥土的强度和弹性模量随着水泥的掺入量增加而增大。     

新型高分子材料固化黄土的抗剪强度特性

固化黄土的强度问题关系到黄土地区边坡、公路路堤等处理工程的安全稳定。以山西太原地区黄土,掺入新型高分子固化材料SH形成固化体,就不同掺量、干密度和含水率等变化因素条件下的固化黄土进行直接剪切试验,测定固化黄土的抗剪强度,分析抗剪强度指标的影响因素和变化特性。结果表明,固化剂SH掺量、含水率和干密度等是影响固化黄土抗剪强度的重要因素;内聚力和内摩擦角随着SH掺量和固化体干密度的增大及风干养护时间的延长而增大,而随含水率的增大内聚力呈指数式衰减,内摩擦角为多项式分布递减。实际应用时可以通过增大固化剂掺量和干密度、控制含水率而满足黄土固化工程需要和稳定安全。与条件基本相同的水泥和HEC对比发现,SH固化黄土的抗剪强度高于水泥和HEC。     

聚丙烯纤维与水泥固化广州南沙软土的试验研究

为了改善水泥固化软土存在的不足,采用聚丙烯纤维-水泥对广州南沙软土进行固化,分析探讨了纤维水泥固化土的受压破坏方式以及纤维掺量、纤维长度、水泥掺量、龄期对纤维水泥固化土无侧限抗压强度的影响。试验结果表明:在水泥土中掺入纤维能在一定程度上提高其无侧限抗压强度,且在一定范围内,无侧限抗压强度随纤维掺量和纤维长度的增加而增大;纤维水泥土中水泥的最优掺量为12%;纤维水泥土的无侧限抗压强度随着龄期的增长而增大,并且早期强度增长较快,后期增长较慢并趋于稳定;纤维能增加水泥土的抗拉强度,减少水泥土试样破坏时的裂缝宽度和数量,改善它们的脆性破坏形式。     

混合土挤压固化预制桩的配方研究

混合土挤压固化预制桩是用于软基处理的一种新技术,该技术利用泥土桩挤压机对拌和均匀的混合土料压制成型,再养护成单节桩。试验设计制作不同配方的单节桩共17根,在土料最优含水量条件下挤压成型,当达到28 d龄期后进行无侧限抗压强度和水稳定性测定。根据试验结果得到以下规律:(1)不掺石灰或低石灰掺入比情况下,试样强度随水泥掺入比增大而增大;在石灰掺入比较高的情况下,随着水泥掺入比的增加,试样强度先增大后减小;(2)在不掺水泥或低水泥掺入比情况下,试样强度随石灰掺入比增大而增大。但在水泥掺入比较大(4%,6%)的情况下,试样强度先减小后增大,在3%处出现拐点;(3)水稳定试验表明,在水泥掺入比为2%和4%时,试样的水稳定性良好,且石灰的掺入比越大,强度维持系数越大。不同试样在浸水10 d或20 d内,强度下降较快,但在浸水20 d后强度趋于稳定。根据配方中水泥或石灰的掺入比与试样强度、水稳定性的规律关系,选出了混合土挤压固化预制桩的最佳配方为水泥2%+石灰7%,可为混合土挤压固化预制桩推广应用提供依据。     

高含水量软土水泥土强度特性影响因素研究

针对福州市沿海滨海高含水量软土低强度和高压缩性的问题,在室内采用水泥进行固化配方试验。对两种典型软土,即淤泥和淤泥质粘性土进行固化处理,分析了固化时间、水泥掺量、固化方式和软土本身含水量对强度的影响。通过试验研究发现:(1)在固化龄期的前28d内,水泥土强度增长明显,速率较大。在28d~90d内强度逐渐增大,但增速降低,后逐渐趋缓,水泥土强度与龄期之间近似呈对数关系。(2)水泥掺量越高,水泥土强度也越大,但在实际复合地基工程中,水泥掺量不宜过大。(3)粉喷制作的水泥土强度比浆喷制作的强度高出12%~36%,且随着固化龄期的增长,提高的比例有所增大。(4)当水泥掺量较低时,软土本身含水量越高,制作的水泥土强度越低。     

冻融循环作用下橡胶颗粒混合土强度特性试验研究

对冻融循环作用后的橡胶颗粒混合土（RST混合土）进行无侧限抗压强度试验,分析强度影响规律。结果表明,在28d养护龄期,虽然掺入橡胶颗粒的RST混合土抗压强度相对水泥土会降低,但是其抗冻融性能比水泥土强;冻融循环5次后,随着水泥掺量的增大,掺有橡胶颗粒的试件强度的提高率明显强于未掺入橡胶颗粒的试件;冻融循环5次后,橡胶颗粒的掺入从一定程度上减缓了由于含水量的不同而导致的RST混合土强度的降低速率。     

多壁碳纳米管的分散效果对水泥净浆电学和力学性能的影响研究

研究分散处理后的多壁碳纳米管对水泥净浆材料的电学性能和力学性能影响。试验结果表明:多壁碳纳米管水泥净浆材料的电阻率随着测试频率的升高而降低,随养护时间的增长而增大。当多壁碳纳米管分散均匀时,电阻率随掺量的增加而减小,两者呈良好的相关性;当分散不均匀时,电阻率随多壁碳纳米管掺量变化不确定,呈现离散性。在低掺量条件下,当多壁碳纳米管在水泥净浆分散均匀时,多壁碳纳米管能提高水泥净浆的抗压强度和抗折强度,且提高幅度随多壁碳纳米管掺量增加而增大;而当多壁碳纳米管分散不均匀时,掺入多壁碳纳米管会削弱水泥净浆的抗折强度和抗压强度,其力学性能与多壁碳纳米管掺入量之间关系呈不确定性。     

废砖和废混凝土再生粗集料混凝土作为轻交通水泥路面材料的性能研究

为了探讨废砖、废混凝土再生粗集料制备轻交通路面混凝土的应用技术,系统分析了再生粗集料掺入量、再生粗集料中废砖集料含量等对再生混凝土的抗压强度、弯拉强度、干缩性能、耐磨性能等技术性能的影响规律,试验结果表明,再生混凝土的抗压强度、抗折强度会随着再生粗集料掺入量增大而降低,在相同再生粗集料掺入量时,再生混凝土的力学性能会随着废砖再生粗集料的掺入量增大而降低,再生混凝土的干缩率、单位面积磨损量随着再生粗集料和再生废砖粗集料掺量的增大而增大。再生集料掺入量为80%以内,且废砖再生粗集料不超过60%时,再生混凝土的技术性能满足轻交通水泥路面混凝土的要求,可以作为轻交通水泥路面的建筑材料。     

Strength Development in Cement Stabilized Low Plasticity and Coarse Grained Soils: Laboratory and Field Study

Laboratory and field strength development of cement stabilized coarse-grained soils are studied in this paper. A phenomenological model to assess the laboratory strength development is developed. The model is divided into the dry and the wet sides of optimum water content. At the optimum and on the wet side of optimum, the strength development in cement stabilized soils at a particular curing time is dependent only upon the soil-water/cement ratio, w/C, which can reflect the combined effects of water content and cement content. It is moreover premised that the relationship between strength and water content is symmetrical around the optimum water content (OWC) in the range of 0.8 to 1.2 times the OWC. The proposed model is useful for assessing the strength development wherein water content, cement content and compaction energy vary over a wide range. Only the test result of a single laboratory trial is needed. From the field study, it is found that the field roller-compacted strength, q_ufr is lower than the laboratory strength, q_ul under the same dry unit weight, soil-water/cement ratio and curing time due to several field factors. The ratio q_ufr/q_ul varies from 50 to 100%. Non-uniformity in mixing soil with cement is realized by the ratio of field hand-compacted strength to laboratory strength, q_ufh/q_ul ranging from 0.75 to 1.2. For most data, the field roller-compacted strength is 55 to 100% the field hand-compacted strength. This might be caused by the difference in compaction method and curing condition between laboratory and field stabilization. From this field observation and the proposed model, a practical procedure for repairing damaged roads using the pavement recycling technique is introduced. The procedure consists of the determination of cement content, the execution of the field stabilization and the examination of the field strength. It can save on sampling and laboratory testing and hence cost.     

浅谈普通硅酸盐水泥配制高强度混凝土的方法

针对混凝土在工程中的广泛应用,从水灰比、水泥掺量、含砂率、骨料、掺合料、养护条件6个方面,就如何用普通硅酸盐水泥配制高强度混凝土进行了探讨,展望了高强混凝土的应用前景。     

银川地区粉煤灰水泥土的力学特性试验研究

针对银川周边高矿化度湖泊相软土地基水泥土桩法处理问题,在软土天然含水量下,固定水泥掺量,应用搅拌法制备边长70.7 mm的立方体试件,标准条件养护,通过SANS万能材料试验机测定试件的强度和变形,通过扫描电子显微镜SEM进行微观结构分析,试验研究高掺量粉煤灰水泥土的应力-应变关系,强度随粉煤灰掺量、含水量、胶水比和龄期等因素变化的规律,并进行相关性分析,揭示作用机理。研究表明:在高掺粉煤灰条件下,水泥土的强度显著提高,且后期有很高的增长率,粉煤灰与水泥的最优掺量比约为3,主要作用机理为粉煤灰的水化效应和填充效应;水泥土的强度与粉煤灰掺量、胶水比、含水量之间近似为线性关系,其与胶水比的相关性最好。     

基于正交试验设计的发泡聚苯乙烯混凝土强度研究

发泡聚苯乙烯混凝土具有应用于地上地面和地下工程的潜力,但由于发泡聚苯乙烯自身具有疏水性,在制备过程中容易发生浮起,因此其强度无法得到良好控制。为此,基于制备及抗压强度试验,采用正交试验设计表L18(37)分析了水灰比、颗粒掺量比、高效减水剂用量、添加剂Ⅰ、Ⅱ用量、砂率、纤维含量的不同配合比对发泡聚苯乙烯混凝土抗压强度的影响。试验结果表明,水灰比和颗粒掺量比是影响发泡聚苯乙烯混凝土抗压强度的两个关键因素。为得到聚苯乙烯膨胀混凝土的最佳抗压强度,基于方差分析提出了最优配合比,即当水灰比为0.3、颗粒掺量比为4∶1、高效减水剂用量为1.5%、添加剂Ⅰ为1%、添加剂Ⅱ为0.08%、砂率为32%、纤维含量为0.9 kg/m^3时,发泡聚苯乙烯混凝土的抗压强度大于35 MPa,达到满足地上地面及地下工程要求发泡聚苯乙烯混凝土的最佳状态。     

高含水量地基的粉喷桩“先砂后粉”工艺研究

深层搅拌水泥粉喷桩(简称粉喷桩)由于其施工设备简单、成本较低、无振动、无噪音等特点,已得到广泛应用。然而当天然地基土的含水量过高时,若仍采用正常水泥掺入比,其成桩的单桩承载力很低甚至不能成桩。解决上述问题的方法是大幅度提高水泥掺入比,其结果大大增加了工程造价。本文旨在原粉喷桩工艺中增加了“喷砂”工艺,经土粒粗化和二次降低地基土的含水量后强行喷入水泥粉并拌和,达到提高桩身强度的目的,从而使粉喷桩在高含水量地基加固中的应用成为可能。     

A study on the hydration rate of natural zeolite blended cement pastes

Natural zeolite is a type of mineralogical material containing large quantities of reactive SiO₂ and Al₂O_3. It is widely used in the cement industry in China as a cement blending material. Like other pozzolanic materials such as silica fume and fly ash, zeolite contributes to concrete strength mainly through the pozzolanic reaction with Ca(OH)₂, Thus, the pozzolanic reactivity of this type of material in comparison with other pozzolans is of much interest. This paper presents experimental results on the compressive strength, degree of pozzolanic reaction, and porosity of zeolite modified cement pastes. These results are compared with those obtained from similar blended cement pastes prepared with silica fume and fly ash replacements. Based on the experimental results, it can be concluded that natural zeolite is a pozzolanic material, with a reactivity between that of silica fume and fly ash. Generally, in blended cement pastes with a lower water-to-cementitious materials ratio, the natural zeolite contributes more to the strength of the pastes. But in the pastes with a higher water to cementitious ratio and a lower cement replacement level it undergoes a higher degree of reaction.     

利用稻壳灰及废砖制备渗水蓄水生态建筑材料

基于海绵城市理念,以废砖为骨料、稻壳灰作填充料制备渗水蓄水生态建筑材料。采用正交试验研究骨料粒径、稻壳灰掺量和水灰比对材料性能的影响,利用XRD、SEM分析了影响机理,同时对材料的植生效果进行初步研究。正交试验表明,细骨料用量是决定7 d抗压强度、渗透系数和吸水率的主要因素;水灰比对28 d抗压强度的影响最大;最优配合比为1.18~2.36 mm骨料用量60%,稻壳灰掺量7.5%,水灰比0.78,此时28 d抗压强度大于6.0 MPa,渗透系数大于3.0 cm/s,吸水率大于23.0%。植生试验结果显示,碱茅草和四季青可分别作为护坡及公共绿化的最佳选择。     

水镁石纤维对模型石膏性能影响的研究

本文针对湖北荆门某石膏矿生产的半水石膏进行了水镁石纤维的添加试验研究,分别研究了水镁石纤维的添加对模型石膏的水膏比、初终凝时间以及抗折强度和吸水率的影响,找出添加含量对石膏制品强度等相关性能影响的规律,并确定使模型石膏强度等相关性能最好的纤维添加量。     

Assessment of strength development in blended cement admixed Bangkok clay

Fly ash and biomass ash have been widely accepted as waste materials substituting Portland cement. In this paper, the role of these two ashes on the strength development of cement admixed low-swelling Bangkok clay is investigated via unconfined compressive (UC) test and thermal gravity (TG) analysis. Fly ash and biomass ash are dispersing materials, increasing the reactive surface of the cement grains. The pozzolanic reaction does not play any significant role on the strength development with time since the amount of Ca(OH)₂ is insufficient to react with the ashes. The contribution of the dispersing effect to the strength development is regarded akin as an addition of cement. Based on this premise, the clay–water/cement ratio hypothesis for blended cement admixed clay is proposed for analyzing and assessing the strength development. Even with the difference in water content, cement content and ash content, the blended cement admixed clay samples having the same clay–water/cement ratio, w_c/C possess practically the same stress–strain response and strength. The relationship among strength, clay–water/cement ratio, and curing time for the blended cement admixed Bangkok clay is finally developed and verified. It is useful to assess the strength at any curing time wherein water content, cement content, and ash content vary over a wide range by using the test result of a single laboratory trial. For the economic mix design (the most effective dispersing effect), an addition of 25% ash is recommended. It can save on the input of cement up to 15.8%.