陶粒增强加气砌块外墙自保温体系

针对夏热冬冷地区的特点,分析目前常用建筑外墙保温系统存在的主要问题,阐述采用外墙自保温体系的主要优点。重点介绍陶粒增强加气砌块外墙自保温材料的物理力学性能、热工性能、收缩性能、施工性能和砌体抗压强度、弹性模量、砌体抗剪强度、砌体弯曲抗拉强度等,以及锚固性能、吊挂力和梁柱节点处理方案。通过主墙体传热系数和热惰性指标计算分析,阐明了陶粒增强加气砌块是一种适用于夏热冬冷地区的新型自保温节能材料。     

高性能泡沫混凝土自保温墙体热工性能

高性能泡沫混凝土是一种轻质,并具有优良保温隔热性能的建筑节能材料。高性能泡沫混凝土自保温墙体的热桥分为墙热桥和柱热桥,在墙热桥部位采用高性能泡沫混凝土自保温形式,柱热桥部位采用贴砌高性能泡沫混凝土保温板外保温形式,利用热流计对两种热桥部位的传热性能进行测试,并用建筑传热理论分析其传热系数、热惰性指标等热工性能指标,得出:(1)两种热桥部位下,试件均不会出现结露现象;(2)两种热桥部位的传热阻均大于最小传热阻,即围护结构的传热量不会过大而使人体受凉;(3)自保温墙体的平均传热系数和热惰性指标均满足节能指标,且优于传统建筑普通240实心砖墙。     

承重轻骨料混凝土小砌块节能达标墙体建筑热工实测

为了适应墙材革新和建筑节能的要求，在严寒地区寻求实心黏土砖的替代产品，以满足多层建筑的需要，我们开展了承重保温节能轻集料小砌块的试验研究．并已在工程中应用。为了摸清该墙体各部位的热工性能，我们专门修建了一座试点建筑进行热工实测，同时在试验室进行稳定传热的对比测试。本文介绍测试结果，为该砌块建筑局部构造设计提供依据，为不同地区使用该墙体实现节能达标提供途径。     

加气混凝土自保温砌块的热工性能试验

借助实验室和现场生产试验,通过多次调整材料的成分、配比、骨架结构、工艺参数及料浆温度等,研制出高效节能加气混凝土自保温砌块,其热工性能和力学性能均优于B04级砌块。进行建筑物墙体围护结构的传热机理分析,砌体墙厚200mm时,平均传热系数为0.53W/(m2.K),能够满足大部分地区居住建筑节能65%的标准要求,也能够满足部分地区公共建筑节能65%的标准要求。     

自隔热混凝土小型空心砌块干密度与热工性能的相关性研究

自隔热混凝土小型空心砌块是具有自保温隔热性能的新型节能型墙体材料。对目前广西市场上常见的自隔热混凝土小型空心砌块进行了试验研究,包括抗压强度复检、干密度测试及砌筑砌体的传热系数测试等工作,从而研究该类砌块干密度与热工性能的相关性,并与轻集料混凝土空心砌块进行比较分析,体现其所具备的良好热工性能。     

浅谈混凝土砌块行业的节能化的发展方向

在全面推广节能建筑的新形势下,混凝土砌块由于热工性能达不到建筑节能设计标准的指标要求,行业呈现整体下滑趋势。保温复合砌块、轻集料砌块、配筋混凝土砌块复合保温砌体是砌块行业今后重点发展的节能新型主导墙体材料产品。与之相适应．混凝土砌块装备制造及节能窑企业应将成型面积大的台振机向成型面积小、短周期模振机的转变：由高能耗和自然养护工艺向使用清洁能源的节能养护窑过渡。     

砌块外墙热工性能及墙体构造选择

砌块外墙热工性能及墙体构造选择曾哲（北京建筑工程设计公司）本文所称砌块外墙，是指用普通硅或者轻集料砼制作的空心小型砌块砌筑的建筑物外墙。所称热工性能，是指砌块外墙的保温性能与隔热性能。所称墙体构造，是指砌块外墙沿墙体厚度方向的组成。热工性能是空心小砌...     

页岩烧结保温砌体材料强度及抗震性能研究

页岩烧结保温砌体墙是一种自保温的新型节能环保型建筑墙体,可满足单一墙体材料建筑节能65%的要求。分析页岩烧结砌块和普通砌体材料的力学性能,同时考虑构造柱、圈梁、水平拉结带等诸多因素的影响,结合已有的实验分析,带构造柱页岩烧结保温砌体墙的抗震性能极大提高,能够很好的承受水平荷载和竖向荷载,抗侧刚度得以提高。     

混凝土砌块行业节能化改造方向

在全面推广节能建筑的新形势下,混凝土砌块由于热工性能达不到建筑节能设计标准的指标要求,行业呈现整体下滑趋势.保温复合砌块、轻集料砌块、配筋混凝土砌块复合保温砌体是砌块行业今后重点发展的节能新型主导墙体材料产品.与之相适应,混凝土砌块装备制造及节能窑企业应将成型面积大的台振机向成型面积小、短周期模振机的转变;由高能耗和自然养护工艺向使用清洁能源的节能养护窑过渡.     

页岩烧结保温砌块超薄灰缝墙体热工性能研究

利用防护热箱法对页岩烧结保温砌块墙体的传热系数进行测定,并和理论计算结果比较。结果表明:实测页岩烧结保温砌块墙体传热系数为0.726 W/(m2·K),说明该砌块墙体具有良好的热工性能,基本能满足我国《严寒和寒冷地区居住建筑节能设计标准》JGJ 26-2010对寒冷地区9层以上建筑外墙的传热系数要求,实现单一墙体材料满足建筑节能65%的目标;理论计算得到页岩烧结保温砌块墙体传热系数为0.379 W/(m2·K),其中水平灰缝耗能仅占墙体总耗能的1.06%,因此采用超薄灰缝墙体可大幅减少由于灰缝形成的结构性热桥损失;通过试验结果和理论计算结果分析对比,指出了试验值比理论值大的原因,为后续新产品的热工性能研究提供参考。     

Suitability and Construction of Self-Insulation Walls in the Hot Summer and Cold Winter Zone of Southern Shaanxi

In this paper, the suitability and construction technology of self-insulation walls were studied under the specific climatic conditions and regional resources of Hanzhong and Ankang in the hot summer and cold winter zone of Southern Shaanxi. Through the calculation of heat transfer coefficient and thermal inertia index, combined with the specifications of the shale hollow brick and aerated concrete block of Hanzhong and Ankang in southern Shaanxi, the thermal performance and suitable thickness of the external wall using self-insulation materials that meet the Design Standard for Energy Efficiency of Residential Buildings(DBJ61-65-2011) in Shaanxi Province were obtained. The results showed that the self-insulation wall had technical suitability in the hot summer and cold winter zone. The research results provide not only a theoretical basis for the external wall insulation design of urban residential buildings in the hot summer and cold winter zone of southern Shaanxi, but also a reference for designers to carry out energy-saving design of external walls of residential buildings in other similar climate zones.     

Coupled heat transfer modes for calculation of cooling load through hollow concrete building walls

A CFD model was developed to study thermal performance of hollow cement wall constructions of buildings under hot summer conditions. The approach employed couples conjugate, laminar natural convective flow of a viscous fluid in hollow building blocks with long-wave radiation between the cavity sides. Realistic boundary conditions were employed at the outdoor and indoor surfaces of the wall. A state-of-art building energy simulation program, ESP-r, was used to determine the outdoor thermal environment that included solar radiation, equivalent temperature of the surroundings and convective heat transfer coefficient. The CFD problem is put into dimensionless formulation and solved numerically by means of the control-volume approach. The study yielded comprehensive, detailed quantitative estimates of temperature, stream function and heat flux throughout the wall domain. A detailed parametric study showed that using a wider cavity within a building block does not necessarily reduce heat flux through the block. Radiation heat transfer between cavity sides may account for a significant fraction of heat flux through the block and neglecting its effect can lead to errors that could be as large as 46%. The geometry of the hollow blocks was demonstrated to affect the heat flux by as much as 30%.     

夏热冬冷地区墙体自保温体系研究

随着建筑节能工作的进一步推进,推行适宜的墙体保温隔热体系成为夏热冬冷地区建筑界日益关注的问题.通过计算砌体的传热系数和热惰性指标,给出了3种值得在夏热冬冷地区推广的自保温体系,为夏热冬冷地区建筑节能提供参考.     

利用再生骨料生产混凝土空心节能砌块试验研究

利用再生骨料生产混凝土空心砌块对于建筑节能和墙体革新以及废弃混凝土高效回收利用具有重要的现实意义。系统研究了采用再生骨料生产的混凝土空心砌块的受压性能和保温性能,主要包括再生骨料含量、粉煤灰掺量以及掺加聚丙烯纤维对混凝土空心砌块抗压强度的影响以及不同情况下的传热系数。试验结果表明,通过合理选择再生骨料、粉煤灰和聚丙烯纤维的掺量,采用再生骨料生产的混凝土空心砌块可具有良好的抗压强度和保温性能,能够用作砌体结构中的承重和保温砌块。     

基于Ansys的复合砌块孔型布置热分析研究

文中籍Ansys热分析技术原理,较为详细地讨论了具有相同孔型布置的砌砌块和具有相同导热系数的砂浆,因为砂浆敷设方式的不同对墙体传热系数的影响,同时也分析了不同孔型布置方式对砌块本体传热系数的作用。通过研究,认为只有合理设计砌块的孔型布置,选择正确的砌块间砂浆敷设方式,才能够有效地降低墙体围护材料的传热系数,提高墙体围护材料的阻热能力。Ansys热分析技术实质上是一种数值计算方法,可广泛地应用于空心砌块以及多孔烧结制品材料,能够在墙体制品(含烧结制品)材料的体型设计阶段,为有效地降低制品的传热系数、提高阻热能力提供科学、有效的佐证。     

空心砌块通风墙体二维简化传热模型研究

空心砌块通风墙体是一种新型的建筑围护结构,该结构可以利用空调系统排风、地道风或夏季夜间凉风对空心砌块墙体的空腔进行通风,实现墙体内部冷、热量的转移。该技术将热回收或可再生能源利用与降低墙体内部冷/热量结合起来,可削弱室外气候对室内环境的影响,减小墙体内表面温度的波动,从而改善人体的热舒适性。为了研究该新型通风墙体的传热特性,建立了空心砌块通风墙体的二维简化传热模型。并且在稳态情形下,计算分析了该通风墙体内表面的平均温度。还进一步研究了空心砌块通风墙体的当量热阻及其影响因素。结果表明空心砌块通风墙体能获得较低的墙体内表面温度和较高的当量热阻,同时,也降低了室内负荷。     

混凝土小型空心砌块墙体的保温隔热和节能问题

通过计算分析和实测数据表明,目前被广泛采用的190mm厚单排孔砌块墙体的保温、隔热性能,与国家现行标准规范有较大差距,在这类建筑中存在着冬冷夏热、采暖和空调能耗过高的问题,亟待解决;双排孔砌块墙体不能满足隔热要求;三排和四排孔砌块墙体隔热性能与240mm厚砖墙相当,但保温性能提高的幅度不大;内保温墙体因受周边热桥影响,总体保温效果不佳;在夏季自然通风情况下,内保温墙体的隔热效果甚微;外保温和夹芯保温墙体,保温、隔热效果较好.     

内插保温层空心砌块的热工性能及其改进措施

根据国家对建筑能耗节能50%和节材的要求,目前在夏热冬冷地区对建筑围护结构普遍采用空心砌块以满足对热阻的要求。应用热流计法对内插保温层空心砌块的热阻进行了实验研究,分析了砌块的热工性能,找出该空心砌块存在的不足,并分别着眼于砌块外部结构和内部构造提出了改进方法,使砌体能够满足夏热冬冷地区对建筑围护结构节能的要求。     

夏热冬暖地区建筑自保温砌块的热工设计研究及建议

选取夏热冬暖地区典型建筑砌块模型,配以不同材料对砌块的传热系数进行计算,得出各种匹配方案下砌块的保温性能,研究了建筑材料导热系数、孔洞排数及孔洞排列方式对砌块传热系数的影响及一般规律,指出了自保温砌块设计时应注意的问题,并提出相应的建议.     

Conjugate conduction convection and radiation heat transfer through hollow autoclaved aerated concrete blocks

A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is developed to study thermal performance of hollow autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) blocks in wall constructions of buildings under hot summer conditions. The goal is to determine size and distribution of cavities (within building blocks) that reduce heat flow through the walls and thereby lead to energy savings in air conditioning. The model couples conjugate, laminar natural convective flow of a viscous fluid (air) in the cavities with long-wave radiation between the cavity sides. Realistic boundary conditions were employed at the outdoor and indoor surfaces of the block. A state-of-the-art building energy simulation programme was used to determine the outdoor thermal environment that included solar radiation, equivalent temperature of the surroundings, and convective heat transfer coefficient. The CFD problem is put into dimensionless formulation and solved numerically by means of the control-volume approach. The study yielded comprehensive, detailed quantitative estimates of temperature, stream function and heat flux throughout the AAC block domain. The results show a complex dependence of heat flux through the blocks on cavity and block sizes. In general, introducing large cavities in AAC blocks, being a construction material of low thermal conductivity, leads to greater heat transfer than the corresponding solid blocks. Several small cavities in a block may lead to small reductions in heat flux, but the best configuration found is a large cavity with a fine divider mesh in which case heat flux reductions of 50% are achievable.