工程款拖欠问题分析及对策研究

<正>一、工程款拖欠的原因及法律问题(一)建筑市场供求失衡是工程款拖欠问题产生的直接原因。许多建设项目为了本身的利益,要求建筑业企业垫付资金建设。现在,垫资已成为项目业主降低资金成本、转嫁投资风险、榨取建筑业企业利润的重要途径和手段。(二)社会信用体系不健全是工程款拖欠成风的根本原因。由于市场经济发育不充分,国家信用管理体系不健全,     

进一步治理拖欠重在解开“债务链”

□ 吴涛秘书长认为,下一步清欠工作的重点应放在解决业主已竣工项目对施工总承包商的拖欠工程款源头上。施工总承包商是建筑市场的主体,处于拖欠“债务链”的中游,他们直接面对上游的业主和下游的劳务分包商(多为包工队)、材料供应商,只有首先解决好对他们的拖欠,才能解开拖欠“债务链”,从而彻底解决建设领域的拖欠工程款问题。     

拖欠工程款问题研究

改革开放以来 ,建筑业取得了骄人的成绩 ,但建设领域拖欠工程款问题愈演愈烈 ,成为建筑业健康发展的毒瘤。拖欠工程款不仅使建筑企业资金十分紧张 ,削弱了建筑企业竞争力和影响了其经济效益 ,严重威胁建筑企业的生存 ,并且直接造成建设领域庞大的债务链 ,构成危及社会稳定的不安定因素。拖欠工程款问题积重难返 ,年年清欠不见清 ,1999年末 ,全国施工企业被拖欠工程款上升到 2 2 2 1.4亿元 ,比上年增加 15 .1%。一、拖欠工程款问题原因分析1.业主方面(1)一些地方政府官员热衷于搞“政绩”和“献礼”工程 ,不顾财政实力 ,盲目上马项目 ,造成工…     

信息动态

李铁映副委员长挂帅建筑法执法检查从8月底开始,全国人大常委会建筑法执法检查组在李铁映副委员长的率领下,先后对河南、四川进行了执法检查。认为建筑业有三大“顽症”亟待解决。三大“顽症”分别是:①工程“债务链”。需警惕建设单位拖欠施工企业工程款,施工企业进而拖欠工人工资和建材款,形成日益庞大的“债务链”。②“软”“硬”监理参差不齐。依照建筑法,监理制度的设置有双重性:一方面,为保障工程质量,国家在一定范围实行强制监理;一方面,监理又受建设单位委托监督施工质量等,由建设单位支付费用。③“黑白合同”普遍存在。企业中了…     

建筑行业拖欠工程款问题探析

拖欠工程款问题已成为制约建筑业发展的顽症,造成我国拖欠工程款问题的原因主要有行业壁垒带来的非理性竞争、信用约束机制的缺失、法律制度不完善等等,本文在对此进行深入分析的基础上,从政府、市场和企业三方面出发,提出了切实可行的对策。     

“九五”建筑业企业负重行

“九五”建筑业企业改制　　 12 82 7家企业进行了改制 ,占等级以上企业总数的 2 8%。负债　　 1999年 ,资质等级一级施工企业资产负债率为 78 80 % ,流动比率 1 0 1,速动比率 0 74。1999年企业负债 10 3 67 8亿元 ,占施工产值的 88 16%。工程款拖欠　　 1999年工程款拖欠 2 2 2 1 4亿元 ,占施工产值的 19 9%。国际承包与劳务　　 1999年对外承包工程金额10 2亿美元 ,仅占世界市场份额的 1% ;1999年外派劳务 3 0多万人次 ,仅为世界需求量的 3 %左右。　　“九五”期间 ,虽然我国建筑业取得长足发展 ,5年累计完全国建筑业已改制企业分析表类…     

中小信息企业经营绩效与债务来源结构研究

文章以深圳中小板和创业板信息服务行业50家中小企业为样本,应用实证方法研究了信息服务行业中小企业经营绩效与债务来源结构的关系。研究结果表明,信息服务行业中小企业的经营绩效与其金融负债负相关,而与其经营负债正相关;信息服务行业中小企业的经营绩效明显好于制造行业中小企业的经营绩效,其原因可能在于其经营负债率较高,金融负债率较低。所以信息服务行业中小企业在进行债务融资时,应该制定合理的商业信用政策,扩大经营负债融资规模,减少银行贷款等金融负债融资,这有利于改善经营业绩。     

成长性、债务融资与非效率投资的实证研究

文章以2010—2012年为研究时间窗口,构建中小板上市公司成长性评价指标体系,根据成长性评价结果将整体样本分为高、低成长性企业组,分别研究样本中债务总体水平、债务期限结构和债务来源结构对企业非效率投资行为的影响。研究结果表明:债务融资能够抑制企业的投资支出;短期负债和商业信用可以约束低成长性企业的过度投资行为,但是却导致了高成长性企业的投资不足;长期负债和银行借款没有发挥负债的约束作用,而是促进企业的投资支出。中小板上市公司应当合理安排长短期债务比例,使其发挥各自的优势,提高企业投资效率。     

发包人拖欠工程款de手段和承包人的防范措施

工程款拖欠的成因错综复杂,难以在短时期内得到彻底解决。建筑业企业除了要继续向 发包人追讨被拖欠的工程款外,还要加强自身防拖欠的意识。本文作者是给合自己多年 的法律实践,列举了在合同签订及履行过程种种可能的拖欠陷阱,供建筑业企业参考。     

发包人拖欠工程款的手段和承包人的防范措施

工程款拖欠的成因错综复杂,难以在短时期内得到彻底解决.建筑业企业除了要继续向发包人追讨被拖欠的工程款外,还要加强自身防拖欠的意识.本文作者是给合自己多年的法律实践,列举了在合同签订及履行过程种种可能的拖欠陷阱,供建筑业企业参考.     

基于信用违约互换的PPP项目信用增级评价研究

信用增级是 PPP 项目资产证券化过程中十分重要的环节,而信用违约互换作为一种外部信用增级方式,可有效将项目风险向第三方机构转移。梳理分析了 PPP 项目资产证券化的一般信用增级方式,将信用违约互换与政府担保、保险公司担保方式进行了对比,阐述了 PPP 项目运用信用违约互换进行信用增级的结构原理。基于 B-S 模型,对 PPP 项目结合信用违约互换进行信用增级带来的价值增值进行了计算,并对 PPP 模式的风险转移、融资落地等提出了建议。     

The economic consequences of mortgage debt

Unsurprisingly, a great deal of attention has been paid to the economic consequences of the credit crunch. However, this paper shows that the credit crunch was preceded by a strong build-up of mortgage debt internationally, which, in the long run, could turn out to be more significant than the credit crunch itself. Indeed, the debt build-up suggests that the credit crunch is more likely to reoccur, because highly-indebted households have weaker buffers to withstand unexpected shocks to their incomes or to interest rates. The paper presents a model that can explain the debt build-up and changes to the distribution of debt between existing owners and first-time buyers, which hinders access to home-ownership for the latter, even amongst those households who would be considered as credit-worthy.     

曲折前行

2011年二季度以来,实体经济增长出现了一定程度的放缓,主要是遭遇了多重约束条件的拖累.不仅仅是信贷收紧,还包括供电缺口、原材料价格上涨、人力成本上升以及人民币升值等诸多因素的综合作用,使得中国经济微观主体的发展面临一定的考验,工程机械等制造业也同样陷入低潮期.     

信用证制度解决我国拖欠工程款问题

为了有效解决工程款的拖欠问题,在分析了工程保证担保这种担保形式不足的基础上提出了信用证制度,论述了建筑信用证主要当事人及他们之间的关系,总结了信用证操作的优点及一般程序,并结合案例指出信用证制度是一种行之有效的收付方式,值得在工程领域中推广应用。     

Stochastic modelling and prediction of contractor default risk

The purpose of this paper is to describe a systematic framework of stochastic modelling and prediction of financial default risk of construction contractors. Net-worth-to-asset ratio is identified as an index for default process modelling. The default condition is defined as when the ratio becomes negative the first time. A mean-reverting dynamic model for the contractor default process is found by statistical analysis and is justified by using the theory of optimal capital structure. The stochastic modelling of default uses the time to default as the fundamental random variable. A discrete time trinomial Markov chain model is developed to assess default risk in terms of a cumulative default probability function, a default probability function, and the mean and variance of time to default. Practical examples are given to illustrate the stochastic methods. A default discriminant study on a group of contractors and publicly traded companies validates the methods, and indicates a high predictability of events of default and declines of credit rating.     

Public mortgage guarantee: instrument to cope with impacts of the financial crisis on the owner-occupied housing market evidence from the Netherlands

The global credit crunch had a deep impact on the mortgage markets in Europe, including the Netherlands. When the credit crunch transformed into a debt crisis, this impact deepened. The impact of the credit crunch and the debt crisis (together: the global financial crisis) on the Dutch housing market is described here. The Dutch government started to react with a stimulating policy but since 2010 austerity measures have become dominant. The National Mortgage Guarantee (NHG) has been applied as an instrument to shelter home-owners against the hardship of the financial crisis. In this paper the role of National Mortgage Guarantee in the Netherlands is analysed. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of this guarantee as an instrument to cope with the impact of the financial crisis on the national owner-occupied housing market. The performance of NHG in 2010 is elaborated. The conclusion is that NHG has made the Dutch owner-occupied housing sector more resilient during the financial crisis.     

Desirability rating analysis for debt financing of public–private partnership road projects

Public–private partnership (PPP) road projects are highly leveraged capital‐intensive projects. Lenders, which provide the major portion of financing in the form of debt instruments, undertake loan approval processes to examine the various aspects of the projects that could influence the debt servicing capability while making credit decisions. In view of this, project sponsors could also assess beforehand how desirable is the project from the debt financing perspective in order to facilitate timely arrangement of debt financing and avoid funding problems. The Desirability Rating Analytical Tool (DRAT) has been developed in order to enable the project sponsor to assess how desirable the project is from a debt financing perspective. DRAT uses the aggregation operator Choquet fuzzy integral to aggregate the information relating to the various aspects of PPP road projects that lenders take into account while making credit decisions. The application of DRAT is illustrated with an example of a PPP road project from a National Highways Development Programme undertaken by the National Highway Authority of India, Government of India. DRAT expressed the result of the information aggregation in the form of a desirability rating profile indicating the degrees of membership to different levels of desirability. The desirability rating profiles of the project provide valuable information for decision making and can help in formulating strategies on improving the performance of the project where it is not performing satisfactorily.     

关于房地产市场信用缺失的研究

市场经济的本质就是信用经济,良好的信用体制才能保障良好的市场秩序和社会秩序。因此,信用缺失问题引起了社会和学者的广泛关注。作为国民经济的支柱性产业,房地产业的稳定发展对于经济的发展和社会的安定都有着举足轻重的影响。但是,信用缺失却在房地产业表现得更加突出,在这样的背景下,对房地产市场信用缺失的原因进行深入探讨就更加具有实际意义。     

Managing or mismanaging mortgage arrears? The case of the building societies

Due to changes in their lending pattern, along with wider social and economic change, building societies face increasing risk, signified by growing default. All creditors have ultimate legal sanctions against debtors but typically first initiate a non‐judicial debt collection process. This paper outlines policy and practice with regard to the pre‐judicial management for the recovery of mortgage arrears, and indicates a substantial gulf between the two. In particular the content of the ‘recovery’ strategies and relationships is examined, using qualitative data from a study of 40 defaulters followed over a nine‐month period. Procedures designed to keep borrowers out of court and within owner occupation had the opposite effect in practice in almost half the cases examined. Emphasis is placed upon late intervention, poor communication and the formulation of a recovery strategy that treats the mortgage debt in isolation from current income and expenditure. The potential contribution of managers’ underlying attitudes to debtors is raised. In the face of rising default, a number of possible explanations for an ‘underdeveloped’ arrears management process are examined.     

企业诚信缺失的原因及对策

阐述了在当前我国经济建设处在快速发展关键时期加强诚信建设的意义,探讨了企业诚信缺失存在的原因及对策,以保证我国市场经济的顺利推进和发展。