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热表面是常见的点火源之一,在化工、汽车、船舶以及航空等行业中普遍存在。危险化学品遇到高温热表面易导致火灾、爆炸事故。归纳总结国内外关于可燃气体、液体、固体、粉尘自燃温度的测定标准和接触热表面的引燃温度的实验方法与标准,分析不同标准的差异。通过文献调研,给出国内外热表面点火源引燃危险化学品的研究进展,对热表面点火源的研究提出建议。 相似文献
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为了预防和消除火灾和爆炸性环境潜在点火源,开展了点火源识别和引燃特性研究。通过国内外相关标准和文献调研分析,从点火源防控和火灾爆炸事故调查角度,划分为热点火源、电点火源、机械点火源、化学点火源、波点火源、烟火材料和杂项7大项26类。研究提出了包含温度、能量、火焰形貌、时频特性和引燃能力等点火源引燃特性的表征指标体系,给出点火源属性定量表征参数,分析点火源能量分布、温度范围和引燃概率影响因素。研究结果表明:该点火源引燃特性表征指标体系可反映点火源与可燃物之间的关联性,有助于确定火灾和爆炸性环境有效点火源,降低事故的发生概率。开发PC端软件及移动端APP,附有安全专家知识库,便于在线咨询和数据共享。 相似文献
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为探究粒径对中密度纤维板粉尘爆炸及相关特性的影响,采用20 L爆炸球、粉尘云最低着火温度装置、锥形量热仪和哈特曼管装置,对不同粒径粉尘的爆炸下限、最大爆炸压力、最低着火温度、热释放速率和火焰传播规律进行研究。结果表明,随着粉尘粒径减小,爆炸下限和粉尘云最低着火温度降低,最大爆炸压力逐渐增大;粉尘燃烧过程分为升温、着火、过渡、加剧和熄灭5个阶段,并出现2个峰值,热释放速率变化时间和吸热时间随着粒径减小而增加,热释放速率峰值增大;火焰在管道内的传播随着粒径减小先增强后减弱,管道外“火球”形状更大,火焰消散后火星数量变少,火焰尾端更加细长。 相似文献
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摘 要:使用近球形煤尘爆炸装置,以微米级褐煤粉尘为研究对象,测试爆炸压力特性变化规律。研究表明:微米级褐煤粉尘爆炸最大压力为0.73 MPa,最大压力上升速率为65.78 MPa/s,该爆炸强度可对爆源附近人员造成极大危害。爆炸前后参与爆炸的挥发分质量分数达到26.25%,表明挥发分是参与褐煤粉尘爆炸的主体成分。随喷尘压力在1.4~2.6 MPa范围内增大,爆炸最大压力和最大压力上升速率均先增大后减小。喷尘压力为1.8~2.2 MPa时,爆炸最大压力相对较大,表明该条件下褐煤粉尘在点火头附近扩散得最充分。随点火延迟时间在70 ~130 ms范围内增大,爆炸最大压力和最大压力上升速率均先增大后减小,最佳点火延迟时间约为100 ms,说明该条件下褐煤粉尘颗粒达到最佳分散状态,爆炸强度最大。 相似文献
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摘 要:为探究稻壳粉着火敏感性,利用激光粒度分析仪和SEM对其粒度进行分析及形貌表征,利用Godbert-Greenwald炉、固体自燃点、粉尘层最低着火温度测试仪对自燃点温度、最低着火温度进行试验研究。结果表明:稻壳粉颗粒越大粒度分布越集中;粉尘云最低着火温度随粒度的减小呈降低趋势;标准试验模式下,粒度D50=52.9 μm的稻壳粉自燃点为225.1 ℃;粒度一定时,粉尘层最低着火温度随模具高度的增大而降低,当高度达到20 mm最低着火温度达到最低,且不再随模具高度的升高继续降低。本试验结果可为工业过程安全提供数据和理论支撑。 相似文献
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Weathering of coal and other cellulosic dusts occur due to the process of wetting and subsequent drying, or by subjecting them to a temperature higher than the ambient temperature for prolonged time periods. The first type of weathering occurs in a wetted storage. The second type of weathering occurs when a dust processing unit stores and maintains the dust deposit at an elevated temperature. As a result of weathering, the physical and thermal properties of the dust may change. Therefore, the weathered dust sample is expected to ignite at a different hot plate temperature as compared to that of a fresh sample, when tested in a standard test method (ASTM E 2021). In this study, three dust samples namely, wheat flour, Pittsburgh seam coal and powder river basin coal, are tested. These dust samples are subjected to one or both types of weathering. Thermogravimetric analysis and standard ignition tests are carried out with both fresh and weathered dust samples. Estimation of the activation energies and reactivity, and measurement of the minimum surface temperature for the onset of ignition have been carried out for all the cases. The implications of the observed results on industrial safety related to combustible dust layers are discussed. 相似文献
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To study what parameters that control the initial fire spread and the development to local flashover in a metro carriage, a total of six fire tests were conducted in a mock-up of a metro carriage that is about 1/3 of a full wagon length. They were carried out under a large scale calorimeter in a laboratory environment. The focus was on the initial fire development in a corner scenario using different types of ignition source that may lead to a fully developed fire. The ignition sources used were either a wood crib placed on a corner seat or one litre of petrol poured on the corner seat and the neighbouring floor together with a backpack. The amount of luggage and wood cribs in the neighbourhood of the ignition source was continuously increased in order to identify the limits for flashover in the test-setup. The tests showed that the combustible boards on parts of the walls had a significant effect on the fire spread. In the cases where the initial fire did not exceed a range of 400–600 kW no flashover was observed. If the initial fire grew up to 700–900 kW a flashover was observed. The maximum heat release rate during a short flashover period for this test set-up was about 3.5 MW. The time to reach flashover was highly dependent on the ignition type: wood cribs or backpack and petrol. A full developed carriage fire was achieved as a result of intense radiation from the flames and ceiling smoke layer. This was mostly dependent on the amount of fire load nearby the ignition source and how strong the vertical flame spread on the high pressure laminate boards mounted to walls and ceiling above the ignition source was, leading to a ceiling flame. In such cases, the seats alone did not contain sufficient fuel for the fire to spread within the train, and additional fuel (luggage) is required near the seats. For fully developed carriage fires, the fire starting on the seat in the corner spread to the opposite seat on the same side of the aisle, then horizontally spread to seats on the other side of the aisle, and finally a longitudinal flame spread along the carriage was observed. When and where the fire stopped or whether it reached a fully developed stage was mostly dependent on the amount of fire load nearby the ignition source and how strong the vertical flame spread on the high pressure laminate boards mounted to walls and ceiling above the ignition source was. 相似文献
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主要研究测量通过回收处理还原的、用于一次性家用电器的、聚氨酯发泡塑料的最低燃点。随着样品容器量加大,聚氨酯的临界燃点降低,环戊烷-聚氨酯发泡塑料会发生剧烈燃烧。由于在环戊烷-聚氨酯发泡塑料的粉碎和储存过程中存在很高的火灾及粉尘爆燃危害,应该考虑对采用环戊烷-聚氨酯发泡塑料作为绝热材料的一次性家用电器的回收处理制定特殊的防火防爆规定。 相似文献
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选择真空干燥后的食品级玉米淀粉,利用激光粒度分析仪和扫描电镜分析颗粒的形状和几何尺寸。利用高速摄像机技术,在1.2 m长的垂直独头管道内对玉米淀粉粉尘云的爆炸火焰传播行为进行实验研究,考察有、无障碍物的条件下粉尘云浓度对火焰传播的影响。结果表明:火焰整体上呈先增加再降低的发展趋势。粉尘云浓度和障碍物均对玉米淀粉粉尘云火焰传播形态及火焰速度具有显著影响。随粉尘云浓度增加,粉尘燃烧不充分,导致出现最大火焰速度和火焰亮度均逐渐降低,火焰轮廓不清晰,火焰分段等现象。障碍物的湍流效应会加速粉尘燃烧,增加粉尘火焰传播速度,提高火焰亮度和轮廓清晰度,但粉尘云浓度增加会降低障碍物对火焰传播的加速效应,促使最大火焰速度呈先增加再降低的趋势。 相似文献