不同温度下细木工板甲醛释放量的模拟研究

为了验证不同温度对细木工板甲醛释放量检测结果是否有直接影响,本文分别用同一品牌同一批次的细木工板为研究对象,按照干燥器法测定细木工板的甲醛释放量,在不同温度条件下对细木工板的甲醛释放量进行研究和测定,从而为人造板材甲醛释放量的测定以及室内甲醛污染的防治提供实验数据。     

不同检测方法对密度板甲醛释放量检测结果的影响

为了验证不同的检测方法(穿孔萃取法和干燥器法)对人造板甲醛释放量检测结果的影响,试验选取甲醛释放量不同的两种密度板进行检测。结果显示,两种试验方法测量的甲醛释放量对应的技术指标值,其检测结论在一定范围内是一致的,超出此范围可能会得出不同的结论。     

细木工板产品现状、问题与发展

通过对我国细木工板发展现状和目前存在主要问题的论述,探讨改进细木工板浸渍剥离性能、横向静曲强度、甲醛释放量的重要性和必要性。     

细木工板甲醛释放特性的实验研究

目的研究细木工板甲醛在室内环境中的释放规律。方法采用小型气候箱模拟室内环境,研究温度、湿度、换气率对甲醛释放特性的影响。结果升高温度或增大湿度,都会促进甲醛的释放,导致室内甲醛平衡浓度的升高,温度、湿度与甲醛平衡浓度均符合指数规律。温度的促进作用存在极限值,当环境湿度较高时,甲醛浓度的提高随温度升高趋于平缓。甲醛的平衡浓度随着换气率的增加而降低。结论温度、湿度及换气率对甲醛释放具有显著影响。     

绝热用玻璃棉及其制品甲醛释放量1立方米气候箱法检出限评定

绝热用玻璃棉及其制品由于其制造工艺,易造成甲醛的少量残留,而在使用1立方米气候箱法检测甲醛释放量的过程中,由于甲醛含量低,造成检测结果较真实情况偏低,甚至未检出,影响了检测的准确性。本文根据实验室条件、环境、实验用水、相关药品与试剂及仪器设备,计算1立方米气候箱法测定绝热用玻璃棉及其制品甲醛释放量的检出限,以期对检测工作有所帮助。     

室内装饰装修人造板材游离甲醛污染水平监测与评价

文章对2009年用203批次人造板材,其中包括97批细木工板,37批胶合板;9批饰面板、22批纤维板,19批次刨花板、22批复合地板,依据GB18580-2001、GB/T17657-1999标准方法,对游离甲醛释放量和甲醛含量检测方法进行监测,用统计分析方法对甲醛污染水平进行评价;并与2006、2008年度的检测数据进行对比分析;数据及统计分析表明:2009年被检测样品中甲醛污染物不合格率与2006年、2008年相比并没有根本改善,部分样品中甲醛污染水平及极值呈上升势态.必须制定切实可行的措施,加强对室内装饰装修工程人造板材中有害物质的控制.     

人造板材中游离甲醛含量的监测评价及其改进方法

文章对2005年内承接的50批次胶合板、83批次细木工板、19批次饰面板、11批次中密度纤维板、7批次强化复合地板，共计170批检测样品，采用GB18580—2001、GB／T17657—1999干燥器法和穿孔法，测定游离甲醛释放量。结果表明：细木工板合格率81．9％、不合格率18．1；胶合板合格率74．0％、不合格率26．0％；饰面胶合板合格率89．6％、不合格率10．6％；中密度纤维板合格率100％、强化复合地板合格率71．4％、不合格率28．6％。对样品检测结果进行统计分析和产品质量评价。提出：合成人造板无醛胶粘剂、开发甲醛捕捉荆、采用甲醛净化技术是解决人造甲醛游离对室内环境污染的重要措施。     

室内装饰装修工程中人造板材游离甲醛监测评价与分析

文章对2008年室内装饰装修用203批人造板材,其中包括122批细木工板、22批胶合板、21批饰面板、17批纤维板、13批复合地板、8批刨花板,依据GB18580-2001、GB/T17657-1999干燥器法、穿孔法和气候箱法,测定游离甲醛释放量和甲醛含量,并将检测统计数据与2006年人造板材游离甲醛检测数据进行对比.数据表明:被检测样品E1、E2类2008年不合格率与2006年相比呈上升势态,说明装饰装修工程中游离甲醛有害物质含有量呈上升趋势.作者提出:加强室内装饰装修工程监管力度,改进装饰装修工程标准中有害物质控制水平,改变检测样品中的抽样方法、加强人造板材质量抽查力度,对民用建筑工程实施人造材料甲醛净化工艺等多种措施,是减小民用建筑工程室内空气污染的必要措施.     

木制家具甲醛检测标准研究与应用探讨

为科学指导室内装饰装修选材,以实现对室内装饰装修项目完工后室内环境中甲醛有效的控制,本文重点研究了国内外应用气候舱法测量木质家具中甲醛释放量的相关检测标准,并在此基础上探讨了影响甲醛释放的相关环境因素,从而得出根据小型气候舱测试木制家具系统各组件甲醛释放量结果推算木制家具早期投入使用时室内甲醛浓度参数的计算模型,为木制家具甲醛测试方法的应用与工程选材提供了参考。     

中密度纤维板游离甲醛的散发及测定

甲醛释放量过高，是影响我国中密度纤维板产品质量的重要因素。本文根据国内外资料，介绍了中密度纤维板产品中有关甲醛释放的原因，法规与计量单位，测定甲醛释放量的方法和降低甲醛释放量的措施。     

Characterization and reduction of formaldehyde emissions from a low-VOC latex paint

The patterns of formaldehyde emission from a low volatile organic compound (VOC) latex paint applied to gypsum board were measured and analyzed by small environmental chamber tests. It was found that the formaldehyde emissions resulted in a sharp increase of chamber air formaldehyde concentration to a peak followed by transition to a long-term slow decay. A semi-empirical first-order decay in-series model was developed to interpret the chamber data. The model characterized the formaldehyde emissions from the paint in three stages: an initial "puff" of instant release, a fast decay, and a final stage of slow decay controlled by a solid-phase diffusion process that can last for more than a month. The model was also used to estimate the peak concentration and the amount of formaldehyde emitted during each stage. The formaldehyde sources were investigated by comparing emission patterns and modeling outcomes of different paint formulations. The biocide used to preserve the paint was found to be a major source of the formaldehyde. Chamber test results demonstrated that replacing the preservative with a different biocide for the particular paint tested resulted in an approximate reduction of 55% of formaldehyde emissions. But the reduction affected only the third-stage long-term emissions.     

Effects of urea–formaldehyde resin mole ratio on the properties of particleboard

The use of urea–formaldehyde (UF) resins with lower contents of free formaldehyde in the board industry has led to products with very low emissions of formaldehyde. This study gives a detailed account of the influence on the mechanical and physical properties of the particleboard using UF resins with different mole ratios of formaldehyde:urea within the range 0.97–1.27. The mole ratio influenced not only the thickness swelling (TS) and water absorption (WA) but also the internal bond strength (IB) and the modulus of rupture (MOR) if the manufacturing process was optimized. The investigation revealed clearly that at mole ratios of formaldehyde giving the emission class El the MOR, IB, TS, and WA of particleboard deteriorated. Compensation for the deterioration could be provided through a higher dosage of resin or through the modification of UF resin. However, both alternatives meant that the product would be more expensive.     

Evaluation of three test methods in determination of formaldehyde emission from particleboard bonded with different mole ratio in the urea–formaldehyde resin

The use of urea–formaldehyde (UF) resins with lower contents of free formaldehyde in the board industry has led to products with very low emissions of formaldehyde. In this study, a detailed account is given of how UF resins with different mole ratios of formaldehyde to urea within the range of 0.97–1.27 influence the formaldehyde emission. In order to evaluate simpler laboratory methods for determining the formaldehyde emission from particleboard, the desiccator (JIS A 5908, 2003) and the EN 120 (European Standard, 1991) have been compared with the 1 m³ chamber method SS 270236 (Swedish Standard of determining formaldehyde emission with chamber test, 1988). Good relationships were obtained between the methods studied with correlation coefficients of >0.9. The value of formaldehyde emission decreased linearly with the mole ratio of formaldehyde to urea down to 1.05 where the effect smoothed out. The effect on the formaldehyde emission of temperature and storage time for tested boards also was studied. The heat treatment lowered the perforator value with resins that had mole ratios equal to or higher than 1.15, at the two lowest mole ratios 0.97 and 1.01, there was a tendency for the heat treatment to increase the perforator value. After the boards were stored for 6 months at 23 °C and 50% RH, the perforator values were unchanged or negligibly changed with the lower mole ratios and there was a more pronounced change with a higher mole ratio of 1.27.     

建筑室内装修用人造木板甲醛超标的探讨

针对我国建筑室内装修中人造板甲醛超标问题，从其来源，危害及其防护三方面进行了探讨，并提出了有效减少或降低人造木板释放甲醛对室内环境污染的有效途径。     

“三块钱”学校

“三块钱”学校位于丹麦奥斯基勒的“三块钱”新城。它仿佛一幅立体画,由彼此独立的教学楼装裱而成,是远近闻名的“知识花园”。由于所有的教学楼都彼此孤立,人们要想穿梭其间必须走出来,感受天气和自然的变化。人们在清风拂面、阳光沐浴中与自然亲密接触。学校还仿佛一幅“拼图游戏”,学生、老师和家长在此乐此不疲。户外空间洋溢出另一番都市生活情景。走捷径的过路人,沙滩上嬉戏的孩子以及傍晚的溜冰者。     

无醛板与净醛板在实际房间中的环保性能

市场上的无醛板和净醛板两种板材均以实验室检测报告为依据，称甲醛散发较低，且后者还称可净化室内空气中的甲醛。本研究选取实际房间作为研究场所，测试无醛板和净醛板的甲醛散发量及净醛板的甲醛净化能力。结果显示，两种板材散发的甲醛均较少，但未检测到净醛板在实际房间中的甲醛净化效果。     

木质人造板材中甲醛释放特征的研究

用按美国材料和试验协会标准(ASTM)自行设计的小型环境测试舱跟踪测量了3种常用人造板材中甲醛的释放浓度，并考察了其环境影响因子；建立了甲醛释放模型并用其对中密度板材中的甲醛释放过程进行模拟，结果表明，该模型所拟合的指数衰减曲线与实验数据吻合较好．     

Substrate Effects on VOC Emissions from a Latex Paint

Abstract The effects of two substrates - a stainless steel plate and a gypsum board - on the volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from a latex paint were evaluated by environmental chamber tests. It was found that the amount of VOCs emitted from the painted stainless steel was 2 to 10 times more than that from the painted gypsum board during the 2-week test period. The dominant chemical species emitted were also different between the two substrates. Data analysis indicated that most VOC emissions from the painted stainless steel occurred in the first 100 h via a fast, evaporation-like process. On the other hand, the majority of the gypsum board VOCs were emitted in a later stage via a slow, diffusion-controlled process. There were measurable emissions of VOCs 11 months after paint application on the gypsum board. It is suggested that, instead of the routinely used substrates such as stainless steel plates, real substrates such as wood or gypsum board should be used for the evaluation of emissions in indoor environments.     

TVOC and formaldehyde emission behaviors from flooring materials bonded with environmental-friendly MF/PVAc hybrid resins

Polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) was added as a replacement for melamine-formaldehyde (MF) resin in the formaldehyde-based resin system to reduce formaldehyde and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from the adhesives used between plywoods and fancy veneers. A variety of techniques, including 20-l chamber, field and laboratory emission cell (FLEC), VOC analyzer and standard formaldehyde emission test (desiccator method), were used to determine the formaldehyde and VOC emissions from engineered flooring bonded with five different MF resin and PVAc blends at MF/PVAc ratios of 100:0, 70:30, 50:50, 30:70 and 0:100. Although urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin had the highest formaldehyde emission, the emission as determined by desiccator method was reduced by exchanging with MF resin. Furthermore, the formaldehyde emission level was decreased with increasing addition of PVAc as the replacement for MF resin. UF resin in the case of beech was over 5.0 mg/l, which exceeded E2 (1.5-5.0 mg/l) grade. However, MF30:PVAc70 was 相似文献