建筑废弃物再生工艺及在路基中的应用研究

在香港,所有建筑废弃物必须统一回收、分离与利用。小于50 mm的物料主要用于填土(因为含泥量高);大于50 mm的物料经破碎后,可用于道路路基工程、制砖材料,甚至混凝土结构工程;分离出来的塑料板、纤维板、木屑、纸片等废弃物则必须进行掩埋。利用破碎粘土砖取代一定量的再生混凝土集料,可配制道路基层的混合料,其级配、强度(或CBR值)均满足道路基层材料的要求。     

Use of waste marble aggregates in concrete

Today we are faced with an important consumption and a growing need for aggregates because of the growth in industrial production, this situation has led to a fast decrease of available resources. On the other hand, a high volume of marble production has generated a considerable amount of waste materials; almost 70% of this mineral gets wasted in the mining, processing and polishing stages which have a serious impact on the environment. The processing waste is dumped and threatening the aquifer. Therefore, it has become necessary to reuse these wastes particularly in the manufacture of concrete products for construction purposes. The main goal of this study is to demonstrate the possibility of using marble wastes as a substitute rather than natural aggregates in concrete production. The paper presents the study methodology, the characterization of waste marble aggregates and various practical formulations of concrete. This experimental investigation was carried out on three series of concrete mixtures: sand substitution mixture, gravel substitution mixture and a mixture of both aggregates (sand and gravel). The concrete formulations were produced with a constant water/cement ratio. The results obtained show that the mechanical properties of concrete specimens produced using the marble wastes were found to conform with the concrete production standards and the substitution of natural aggregates by waste marble aggregates up to 75% of any formulation is beneficial for the concrete resistance.     

Use of animal proteins as foaming agent in cementitious concrete composites manufactured with recycled PET aggregates

Manufacturing of lightweight building materials is identified as an alternative procedure for valorising reused materials. With intent to valorise two wastes of food industry at the same time, this paper describes an innovative use of animal protein as foaming agent while consumed plastic bottle wastes are introduced as light aggregates.Relative changes in properties of concrete composites due to introducing proteins are experimentally investigated here.The results presented show that the two wastes clearly improve the flowability of the mortar. Both mechanical properties and bulk density of the composites are affected too, but thermal conductivity is improved. In this way, the obtained composites would appear to be low-cost materials which would contribute to resolving some of the solid waste problems in addition to conserving energy.     

Use of concrete road recycled aggregates for Roller Compacted Concrete

Construction waste management is a quite important economical and environmental deal for our societies. More than 2 million tons demolition and construction wastes are annually produced only in Wallonia, Southern Region of Belgium; recycling has clearly to be promoted. Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC) is a special dry concrete made of aggregates, water and low quantity of cement, laid down and compacted like a soil, for the construction of massive structures like dams or large horizontal surfaces like road foundations. The topic of this research is the replacement of natural aggregates by concrete road recycled aggregates in the mix design of concrete. Characteristics of aggregates are of prime importance for the quality of the concrete: Los Angeles, water absorption and specific gravity. It has been observed that RCC with natural and concrete road recycled aggregates are similar for solid compactness, while no major influence of cement content – when around 200 kg – may be detected. However, compressive strength is higher for RCC with natural aggregates. This study clearly shows the opportunity of using concrete road recycled aggregates for RCC in basements.     

Effect of the treatment of wood shavings on the physico-mechanical characteristics of wood sand concretes

This study investigates the effect of a wood shaving treatment on the physico-mechanical characteristics of wood sand concretes. The two main objectives of this work are to improve a lightweight sand concrete and to valorise local materials and industrial wastes. Three wood shaving contents, two types of sand concretes (dune and river sand concrete) and a preliminary wood shaving treatment have been used. Sand, cement, filler, admixture and water composed the sand concrete matrix. The shaving treatment appreciably increases the mechanical strength of the studied composites without a large influence on thermal conductivity. The shrinkage of the composite is considerably reduced and the wood–matrix adherence is improved. At low wood contents, the dune sand concrete remains always slightly more insulating and less strong than the river sand concrete. At higher wood contents, the two concretes present almost similar properties.     

废弃混凝土再生利用探讨

随着我国建筑业迅猛发展,我国每年产生的废弃混凝土的量巨大并呈逐年上升的趋势。该文探讨了废弃混凝土再生利用的途径,设计了适应我国目前发展现状的再生骨料的生产工艺流程,并从环境效益和社会效益方面对废弃混凝土再生利用以及其再生利用产生的经济效益方面进行了分析,文章的分析表明废弃混凝土的再生利用一方面可以减轻废弃混凝土对环境的污染,节省其作为垃圾排放的清运和处理费用,另一方面可以充分利用废弃混凝土这种可再生资源,保护自然资源和人类的生存环境,有利于实施可持续发展战略。本文的研究表明废弃混凝土的再生利用具有很好的环保效益、社会效益和经济效益。     

中国旧工业建筑改造的生态设计策略

本文基于我国旧工业建筑改造的现状以及发达国家的改造经验,提出了可持续设计策略,主要包括建筑门窗、屋顶和外墙等围护结构的改造,其目的是为了增加建筑自然采光、通风的潜力,加强建筑保温隔热性能,同时降低建筑能耗,减少拆除过程中对环境的影响。     

可持续建筑围护设计——以清华大学低能耗建筑为例

本文以清华大学低能耗建筑为例,对可持续建筑的围护结构设计技术和方法进行分析与探讨,重点探讨相关的详细技术,包括双层呼吸式双通道幕墙(宽通道和窄通道呼吸幕墙)、高性能玻璃技术、屋顶种植技术、自然采光技术、相变蓄能楼面技术、太阳能利用、钢结构适合的高效轻质复合外墙等。     

西藏地区太阳能采暖建筑热工性能优化研究

西藏地区太阳能资源非常丰富且冬季温度低,该地区非常适合大面积推广太阳能采暖系统,以达到节能减排的目的。但是由于实际大部分太阳能采暖工程,忽略了建筑围护对太阳能主动式采暖系统初投资与运行费用的影响,造成了太阳能主动式采暖系统初投资过高、太阳能保证率低。为了分析建筑热工性能对太阳能主动式采暖系统的影响,笔者利用数值模拟方法,将建筑热工性能与主动式太阳能采暖系统作为一个整体进行计算分析,利用初投资费用最低与全寿命周期总费用最低两个目标函数,对主动式太阳能采暖建筑热工性能的保温性能进行优化。结果表明,提高建筑围护结构热工性能,不仅可以降低太阳能采暖建筑的采暖运行费用,而且可降低整个系统的初投资。     

热带海岛地区多种围护结构隔热构造做法应用性能研究

以海南省一典型居住建筑为对象,分析多种围护结构做法的热工性能及构造做法对建筑能耗的影响。结果表明,热带海岛地区较常使用的通风屋面由于气流堵塞已不能满足隔热节能要求,应在空气间层上方铺设泡沫玻璃或泡沫混凝土隔热层。蒸压加气混凝土隔热性能显著,建筑内表面最高温度可保持在35．59℃的较低水平．隔热反射涂料可有效降低建筑空调能耗。     

碱胶凝材料的哲学基础

碱胶凝材料是利用磨细的高炉矿渣、粉煤灰、电热磷渣等工业废料或火山灰等天然矿物为原料,碱化合物或含碱工业废渣为激发剂制得的水硬性的胶凝材料。目前,社会上普遍关注的是环境问题和可持续发展问题,而碱胶凝材料的研制与开发实现了水泥工业的可持续发展和人与环境的相互协调,利用碱胶凝材料制备的生态混凝土工艺简单,原料来源广泛,同时在制备过程中能实现低造价和低能耗。     

Limestone dust and wood sawdust as brick material

The majority of abandoned limestone powder wastes (LPW) and wood sawdust wastes (WSW) is accumulated from the countries all over the world and causes certain serious environmental problems and health hazards. This paper presents a parametric experimental study which investigates the potential use of WSW–LPW combination for producing a low-cost and lightweight composite as a building material. Some of the physical and mechanical properties of concrete mixes having high level of WSW and LPW are investigated. The obtained compressive strength, flexural strength, unit weight, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) and water absorption values satisfy the relevant international standards. The results show that the effect of high-level replacement of WSW with LPW does not exhibit a sudden brittle fracture even beyond the failure loads, indicates high energy absorption capacity, reduces the unit weight dramatically and introduces smother surface compared to the current concrete bricks in the market. It shows a potential to be used for walls, wooden board substitute, economically alternative to the concrete blocks, ceiling panels, sound barrier panels, etc.     

Reusing ceramic wastes in concrete

The ceramic industry is known to generate large amounts of calcined-clay wastes each year. So far a huge part is used in landfills. Reusing these wastes in concrete could be a win–win situation. For one hand by solving the ceramic industry waste problem and at the same time leading to a more sustainable concrete industry by reducing the use of non renewable resources like cement and aggregates and avoiding environmental problems related to land filled wastes. This paper examines the feasibility of using ceramic wastes in concrete. Results show that concrete with 20% cement replacement although it has a minor strength loss possess increase durability performance. Results also show that concrete mixtures with ceramic aggregates perform better than the control concrete mixtures concerning compressive strength, capillary water absorption, oxygen permeability and chloride diffusion thus leading to more durable concrete structures.     

工业和生活废弃物的利用与混凝土的使用安全

随着天然砂石自然资源的日渐枯竭,工业废弃物、建筑垃圾和污泥等加工后作为人造粗、细集料用于混凝土,掺入水泥中作混合材,以及作为混凝土的掺合料和矿物外加剂,促进了资源再生利用和节能减排工作.加强废弃物的成分研究,规定其有害物质限量,防止利用不当,造成对环境的二次污染,影响混凝土的耐久性与使用寿命,应是当前研究的重点.     

再生粗骨料对混凝土坍落度和抗压强度的影响

简述了哈尔滨市城市建筑垃圾的产生量和利用度,研究粗骨料的主要指标;采用再生粗骨料20%、30%、50%、70%、100%等质量代替天然碎石骨料配制了C30混凝土,研究了再生粗骨料对混凝土工作性和抗压强度的影响。研究结果表明:在水胶比相同时,混凝土坍落度下降,28d强度降低;若要保持混凝土坍落度基本相同,需采用增加用水量或增大减水剂的方式进行调整。     

利用再生骨料生产混凝土空心节能砌块试验研究

利用再生骨料生产混凝土空心砌块对于建筑节能和墙体革新以及废弃混凝土高效回收利用具有重要的现实意义。系统研究了采用再生骨料生产的混凝土空心砌块的受压性能和保温性能,主要包括再生骨料含量、粉煤灰掺量以及掺加聚丙烯纤维对混凝土空心砌块抗压强度的影响以及不同情况下的传热系数。试验结果表明,通过合理选择再生骨料、粉煤灰和聚丙烯纤维的掺量,采用再生骨料生产的混凝土空心砌块可具有良好的抗压强度和保温性能,能够用作砌体结构中的承重和保温砌块。     

Modeling the performance of residential building envelope: The role of sustainable energy performance indicators

The success of modeling the sustainable performance of the residential building envelope will be to a great extent associated to the sustainable energy performance indicators used. The sustainable energy performance indicators that these building assessment models are developed around should be chosen by taking into account the targeted objectives. However, it is very common to find building performance assessment models that do not take into account these considerations and therefore have a limited capability and scope. This leads to inadequate aggregate indicators for the actual assessment of the sustainable performance of the building envelope for a sustainable energy efficient building. The focus of this paper is to investigate the principal sustainable energy performance indicators for modeling the sustainable performance of the residential building envelope and develop an approach for determining the most appropriate sustainable energy performance indicators. In doing that, this paper provides an overview of previous research on sustainable energy performance indicators and discusses conceptual framework for developing sustainable energy performance indicators. In order to identify these indicators that influence the capability of building performance assessment models, a comprehensive survey of construction industry professionals was conducted using questionnaire survey technique while the data was analyzed using correlation analysis techniques.     

Failure mechanism of recycled aggregate concrete

The use of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) acquires particular interest in civil construction regarding sustainable development. Recycled aggregates usually present greater porosity and absorption, and lower density and strength than natural aggregates. Microstructural studies on RAC indicate differences in the characteristics of the interfacial transition zones between the cement paste and the aggregates. At the same time most experiences verify that reduction in concrete stiffness is higher than in strength. The failure mechanisms in RAC can be affected by the above stated factors. In this paper, three Series of concretes with different compressive strength levels are presented. Each Series includes a reference concrete prepared with natural crushed stone and two RAC prepared with two coarse aggregates obtained by crushing a normal strength and a high strength concrete. Flexural tests on notched beams and uniaxial compression tests on standard cylinders were performed. In addition, the characteristics of the fracture surfaces were analysed in order to determine the amount of broken aggregates. RAC present lightly lower strengths (1–15%), lower modulus of elasticity (13–18%) and significant reductions in the energy of fracture (27–45%) and, consequently on the fracture zone size, when it is compared with a concrete prepared with natural coarse aggregates.     

再生混凝土基本物理力学性能试验再研究与分析

通过实验,对再生骨料的物理性能做了研究,分析了其与天然骨料产生差别的原因,并对再生混凝土的基本力学性能进行了再研究,与天然混凝土作对比后,指出配制混凝土时天然骨料可被再生骨料部分取代配得满足强度要求的混凝土材料,达到节约骨料资源,废物再利用的目的。