PPC强化去除太湖原水中稳定性铁、锰的生产性试验

太湖B支流河水属于低浊、高藻、高铁锰、高色度和高CODMn水质，其中铁、锰主要以溶解态和胶体态（铁、锰化合物胶体）存在。胶体态铁、锰被有机物膜包裹，和溶解态铁、锰形成了高稳定性铁、锰，常规给水处理工艺对其难于去除。为此，在前期小试的基础上进行了高锰酸盐（PPC）预氧化强化去除该原水中稳定性铁、锰的生产性试验。结果表明，高锰酸盐预氧化工艺出水经混凝沉淀后对锰的平均去除率为99％（较2004年同期常规过滤对锰的去除率提高了42％）；对铁的平均去除率为75％（高于2004年同期常规过滤的62％）；2004年常规工艺对CODMn的平均去除率为27．8％，而在2005年同期，预氧化、混凝沉淀工艺对CODMn的去除率达43％。对于原水水质与B支流河水水质相近的水厂，采用PPC强化处理是保障其出水水质的有效措施。     

微污染水源水中稳定性锰的应急处理

针对低浊、低pH值下高稳定性铁锰的特殊水质情况,开展了强化去除水中稳定性锰的应急处理试验。结果表明,对于高稳定性铁锰的微污染地表水,通过投加石灰调节原水的pH值7.3-7.4,可明显改善混凝工艺对锰的去除效果,稳定性锰的去除率提高了10%;投加黄泥调节原水的浊度至15NTU时,稳定性锰的去除率提高了11.4%;同时投加石灰、黄泥和二氧化氯预氧化的生产试验表明,当原水的锰含量为0.4mg/L时,能够保证滤后出水锰低于检测限。     

自来水厂臭氧预氧化工艺除锰应用效果研究

合肥某自来水厂利用臭氧预氧化工艺应对夏季锰突发性增长,研究其除锰的臭氧投加量控制方法、应用效果和成本分析。结果表明:在原水溶解锰含量最大值达1.33mg/L情况下,接触时间12.4～15.8min,通过控制臭氧尾气浓度调整臭氧投加量,保障沉淀池出水溶解态锰含量低于0.05mg/L。夏季锰的去除率达到92.46%,其他季节锰去除率平均值68.57%,出厂水总锰含量在0.03mg/L以下,高度确保供水水质安全。预臭氧工艺运行成本约为0.042～0.065元/m³。     

实际水厂常规处理工艺中铁锰去除效果的分析

通过实际水厂常规处理工艺(包括预氧化、混凝沉淀、过滤、消毒)分析铁锰的去除效果。铁在混凝沉淀中能达到很好的去除效果,沉淀池出水铁含量≤0.050mg/L。锰在预氧化阶段可以迅速与二氧化氯反应,有效除去水中的锰;但若原水锰≥0.3mg/L,前加氯不足,会引起沉淀池和清水池中的水变黄,造成色度超标。因此当原水水质差,锰含量高时需加大前加氯量以增加预氧化效果。     

高锰酸盐预氧化强化去除湖区地下水中铁锰试验研究

针对洞庭湖区地下水中铁、锰含量高的问题,选择采用高锰酸盐预氧化剂对其进行除铁、锰的预氧化处理。实验结果表明:高锰酸盐投加浓度为1.8mg/L时,铁、锰的去除率分别为47.0%和58.5%。在此投量下,通过锰砂滤料过滤出水中铁锰残余量分别为0.14mg/L和0.15mg/L,优于国家农村饮用水卫生标准中铁锰的控制值,并且增加的制水成本仅为0.03元/吨水。     

二氧化氯/混凝剂工艺处理含铁水的试验研究

通过向含铁水中投加二氧化氯和混凝剂,考察了二氧化氯对水中铁的去除效果及其影响因素。结果表明,二氧化氯投加量、原水pH、预氧化时间和混凝剂投加量对铁的去除效果均有较大的影响。当原水Fe2+浓度为5 mg/L时,二氧化氯最佳投加量为5 mg/L,最佳氧化时间为10 min,混凝剂的最佳投加量为1 mg/L,最佳pH值为7～9,对铁离子的去除率可达到94.0%。     

预氧化-混凝沉淀法快速去除水中砷研究

探讨预氧化-混凝沉淀法快速去除水中砷污染物的可行性,结果表明,在氧化时间均为10min条件下,KMnO4投加量为0．5mg／L时,聚氯化铝和聚合硫酸铁投加量分别为8mg／L和16mg／L时,可将原水中《生活饮用水卫生标准》（GB5749—2006）限值5倍浓度的砷降低到限值以下,去除率约90％。NaClO投加量（以有效氯计）为0．8mg／L时,聚氯化铝和投加量分别为8mg／L和20mg／L时,可将原水中《生活饮用水卫生标准》（GB5749—2006）限值5倍浓度的砷降低到限值以下,去除率约85％。以聚氯化铝为混凝剂的除砷效果优于聚合硫酸铁,以KMnO4氧化剂的除砷效果略优于NaClO。     

臭氧/高锰酸盐复合预氧化控制氯化消毒副产物前质

研究了高锰酸盐与臭氧单独或复合预氧化对消毒副产物前质--三卤甲烷生成势（THMFP）和卤乙酸生成势（HAAFP）的去除效果.试验结果表明,高锰酸盐单独预氧化对消毒副产物前质的去除率可达20%以上,而臭氧预氧化的去除率仅约为10%.复合氧化比单一氧化更能有效去除消毒副产物前质,但受投加方式的影响,在试验务件下,以两种氧化剂同时投加的效果为最佳.复合氧化去除消毒副产物前质的机理包括：高锰酸盐与臭氧的协同氧化作用、锰的中间态产物对臭氧的催化作用以及高锰酸盐的强化混凝作用.     

地下水生物除铁效果及其动力学研究

采用生物滤柱进行了地下水除铁的试验研究。当原水中Fe^2＋的质量浓度为4．3mg／L,pH值为6．4～6．6,水温为23～25℃,DO为1．5mg／L,滤速为8m／h时,出水中Fe^2＋〈0．1mg,／L。通过灭菌试验得出,滤柱对铁的去除主要通过生物氧化完成,而非物理化学作用。通过分析不同高度滤层水中铁的含量研究了生物氧化除铁动力学规律,得出铁含量与空床接触时间之间的函数关系。     

预臭氧——常规工艺处理含铁原水的中试研究

以模拟铁超标的水源水作为研究对象,在水厂常规工艺的基础上增加预臭氧工艺,考察了该组合工艺对含铁原水的处理效果。结果表明,常规工艺对铁的去除效果有限;臭氧—沉淀工艺可以有效去除原水中总铁,原水中总铁含量为7.5~8.0 mg/L时,臭氧投加量提高至5 mg/L即可保证出水铁含量达标,但对浊度去除效果差。结合经济性原则,当原水总铁含量为5~8 mg/L时,最佳工艺参数如下:O_3投加量为4 mg/L,PAC投加量为20 mg/L;当原水中总铁含量为8~10mg/L时,最佳工艺参数如下:O_3投加量为5 mg/L,PAC投加量为20 mg/L。     

Biological manganese removal from acid mine drainage in constructed wetlands and prototype bioreactors

Mine drainage waters vary considerably in the range and concentration of heavy metals they contain. Besides iron, manganese is frequently present at elevated concentrations in waters draining both coal and metal mines. Passive treatment systems (aerobic wetlands and compost bioreactors) are designed to remove iron by biologically induced oxidation/precipitation. Manganese, however, is problematic as it does not readily form sulfidic minerals and requires elevated pH (>8) for abiotic oxidation of Mn (II) to insoluble Mn (IV). As a result, manganese removal in passive remediation systems is often less effective than removal of iron. This was found to be the case at the pilot passive treatment plant (PPTP) constructed to treat water draining the former Wheal Jane tin mine in Cornwall, UK, where effective removal of manganese occurred only in one of the three rock filter components of the composite systems over a 1-year period of monitoring. Water in the two rock filter systems where manganese removal was relatively poor was generally 相似文献   

预投加高锰酸钾工艺用于工业用水除锰

上海石化水厂低硅水车间常规处理工艺对锰的去除有限，在一定程度上影响了工业企业生产装置的运行。对预投加高锰酸钾工艺除锰进行了生产性应用，结果表明，根据原水中的锰含量投加适量高锰酸钾对锰有很好的去除效果，可使出厂水的锰含量〈0．1mg／L。     

Enhanced coagulation for high alkalinity and micro-polluted water: the third way through coagulant optimization

Conventional coagulation is not an effective treatment option to remove natural organic matter (NOM) in water with high alkalinity/pH. For this type of water, enhanced coagulation is currently proposed as one of the available treatment options and is implemented by acidifying the raw water and applying increased doses of hydrolyzing coagulants. Both of these methods have some disadvantages such as increasing the corrosive tendency of water and increasing cost of treatment. In this paper, an improved version of enhanced coagulation through coagulant optimization to treat this kind of water is demonstrated. A novel coagulant, a composite polyaluminum chloride (HPAC), was developed with both the advantages of polyaluminum chloride (PACl) and the additive coagulant aids: PACl contains significant amounts of highly charged and stable polynuclear aluminum hydrolysis products, which is less affected by the pH of the raw water than traditional coagulants (alum and ferric salts); the additives can enhance both the charge neutralization and bridging abilities of PACl. HPAC exhibited 30% more efficiency than alum and ferric salts in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal and was very effective in turbidity removal. This result was confirmed by pilot-scale testing, where particles and organic matter were removed synergistically with HPAC as coagulant by sequential water treatment steps including pre-ozonation, coagulation, flotation and sand filtration.     

Removal of iron and manganese using biological roughing up flow filtration technology

The removal of iron and manganese from groundwater using biological treatment methods is almost unknown in Latin America. Biological systems used in Europe are based on the process of double rapid biofiltration during which dissolved oxygen and pH need to be strictly controlled in order to limit abiotic iron oxidation. The performance of roughing filter technology in a biological treatment process for the removal of iron and manganese, without the use of chemical agents and under natural pH conditions was studied. Two pilot plants, using two different natural groundwaters, were operated with the following treatment line: aeration, up flow roughing filtration and final filtration (either slow or rapid). Iron and manganese removal efficiencies were found to be between 85% and 95%. The high solid retention capability of the roughing filter means that it is possible to remove iron and manganese simultaneously by biotic and abiotic mechanisms. This system combines simple, low-cost operation and maintenance with high iron and manganese removal efficiencies, thus constituting a technology which is particularly suited to small waterworks.     

高锰酸钾除锰方法在水厂生产中的运用

试验考察了高锰酸钾除锰方法的投加点及投加量。结果表明,高锰酸钾在絮凝剂聚合氯化铝之前投加效果较好,当原水锰含量在0.16-0.24 mg/L时,高锰酸钾最佳投加量为0.40mg/L。在不改变工艺参数的条件下将该方法用于生产,3个月的运行结果表明,根据原水锰含量适量投加高锰酸钾,可以达到较好的除锰效果。     

水合二氧化锰的制备及其混凝特性

采用高锰酸钾与亚硫酸钠复合还原剂制备水合二氧化锰并用其处理人工配水，考察了该水合二氧化锰的混凝效能、影响因素及可能的除浊机制。结果表明：所制备的水合二氧化锰具有丰富的表面羟基，其比表面积约为181．595m^2／g，在较低的投量（3mg／L）下即具有显著的混凝效能，混凝的最佳pH值范围为7～9；该水合二氧化锰的混凝除浊机制主要是吸附架桥作用。     

高锰酸钾、高锰酸盐预氧化处理高氨氮、高有机物污染原水

介绍了针对高氨氮、高有机物污染的上海淀浦河原水进行的高锰酸钾、高锰酸钾复合盐（PPC）预氧化研究。比较了它们的助凝、除锰、UV254和耗氧量的去除等效果；分析了它们的最佳投加量；指出了高锰酸钾及其复合盐对UV254和耗氧量没有明显的去除效果，两者均会增加出水色度。在综合考虑了处理效果与助凝剂使用成本的基础上得出：试验期间的上海淀浦河原水更适合采用高锰酸钾预氧化技术。     

The removal of manganese in water treatment clarification processes

The removal of dissolved manganese in water treatment floc blanket clarifiers has been studied. The removal mechanisms may be broadly classified as adsorption and oxidation. Specifically adsorbed manganese is oxidised at the iron(III) oxide surface when solution pH approaches 8.5. The extent to which these removal processes contribute to manganese removal at plant scale will depend on the retention time of both liquid and solid components of flow within the clarifier, as well as clarifier pH.     

生物除铁除锰滤层的溶解氧需求及消耗规律研究

针对高铁、高锰地下水中含有氨氮的问题,进行了生物除铁除锰过程中溶解氧需求及消耗规律的研究.结果表明:弱跌水曝气难以适应含氮地下水的净化对溶解氧的需求,在原水氨氮为1.2 mg/L、铁为15 mg/L、锰为1.5 mg/L左右的条件下,控制溶解氧>7.5 mg/L时,生物滤层才能培养成熟,出水锰离子浓度才能达标;过滤过程中溶解氧主要消耗在上部的45 cm滤层之内,用于铁的去除以及氨氮的硝化,下部除锰生物滤层能否得到充足的溶解氧是决定除锰成败的关键.