建筑施工管理创新研究

建筑施工管理对于建筑施工企业有着非常重要的作用,不仅能够提升建筑施工的质量,而且还能够提高建筑施工的效率,因此,在建筑施工企业开展有效的建筑施工管理是非常必要的。但是,现在建筑施工管理中存在着一些较为落后的因素,影响着建筑施工的质量,因此,我们需要对建筑施工管理创新的意义进行研究,进而提出相应的建筑施工管理创新的策略。     

强化工程监理 提高建筑项目整体质量

当前对于建筑工程管理中的建筑施工监理的环节越来越得到人们的重视。建筑施工质量的保证以及建筑的各项性能的提高都依赖于建筑施工监理,建筑施工监理是以提高工程质量、完善施工为目的而建立的。针对于建筑施工质量等一系列问题,加强对建筑施工监理的研究就迫在眉睫。本文将对目前我国建筑施工出现的问题来探讨如何提高施工质量以及怎样加强建筑施工监理。     

BIM技术在建筑施工安全管理中的应用

建筑施工安全是当下建筑工程中的重要问题,受到建筑单位的高度重视。BIM技术作为当下建筑工程中的信息技术能够对建筑施工全过程进行管理,BIM技术与建筑施工安全管理的有效结合,大大减少了建筑施工安全事故的发生情况,对建筑施工的安全管理有着极大的促进作用。本文对BIM技术在建筑施工安全管理中的应用进行了分析,以推广BIM技术的应用,提高建筑施工安全的管理质量。     

我国建筑施工企业法律风险研究文献综述

建筑施工企业面临着很多法律风险,对建筑施工企业法律风险进行研究,具有重要的意义。通过查阅文献,分析了我国近几年建筑施工企业法律风险研究成果,这些成果可分为两类,即对建筑施工企业法律风险防范机制和体系的研究和对建筑施工企业法律风险源的研究,提出建筑施工企业法律风险研究需要加强定量研究的建议。     

建筑施工现场起火原因及消防安全管理

对2001～2006年来全国建筑施工现场起火原因进行了分析,根据分析结果和工作实践中发现的建筑施工现场火灾危险性,从建筑施工企业和消防行政监管部门两个角度,分别提出了建筑施工现场消防安全管理的一些措施和对建筑施工企业进行消防安全管理的一些措施.     

建筑施工技术发展方向研究

分析了我国建筑施工技术发展现状,就目前情况来看,我国建筑施工技术尚不完善,将根据存在于建筑施工技术中的问题,对整体的建筑施工技术发展现状进行研究,明确建筑施工技术的具体发展方向。     

浅议建筑施工项目的信息化管理

本文通过总结建筑施工项目管理的特点 ,阐述了建筑施工项目领域进行信息化管理的必要性 ,并结合当今信息技术的飞速发展 ,论证了对建筑施工项目实现信息化管理的可行性。文中给出了建筑施工项目信息管理系统研制的一般步骤 ,并构想了对建筑施工项目实现信息化管理的几点意义     

建筑施工中的技术管理

随着当前国家经济体制改革和建筑行业的发展，对建筑施工技术提出了更高的要求，笔者通过对建筑施工技术管理控制的基本概念、建筑施工的整体设计、对建筑施工强度的控制及建筑施工中的质量管控进行分析，希望能更有效的促进建筑施工整体水平的提高。     

关于建筑施工技术的几点探讨

本文着重阐述了关于建筑施工技术的几点探讨:①必须有做好建筑施工技术的意识,也就是相关部门应当意识到其重要性;②阐述了建筑施工管理的具体内容;③对建筑技术中管理工作的作用和任务进行了分析;④对建筑施工时技术管理途径的实施进行了分析,旨在与同行交流,并忠诚希望各建筑施工企业对建筑施工技术进行重视,并不断解决其中存在的问题,提升建筑工程的质量.     

建筑施工管理及绿色建筑施工管理分析

一项建筑工程的顺利完成需要高质量的建筑施工管理,尤其需要绿色建筑施工管理。本文对建筑施工管理中应该重点解决的问题进行了全面的具体分析,并在此基础上阐述了绿色建筑施工管理对与施工管理的新要求,全面展现了当下建筑施工管理工作的主要内容,为施工管理人员提供参考。     

杭州亚运村综合管廊兼顾人防设计方法研究

在我国当前大规模城市基础设施建设进程中,为提高城市生命线工程的防护性能,降低战时破坏带来的不利影响,对于综合管廊兼顾人防设计的需求逐渐提上议事日程。本文首先系统回顾了我国在该领域内的理论研究历程及工程实践现状,对综合管廊工程兼顾人防设计的理论要点做了全面分析总结,归纳了全套设计方法;其次以杭州亚运村片区综合管廊防护设计为例,侧重于片区管廊防护单元的总体布局特点,介绍了按浙江省人防标准进行防护设计的方法和思路,详细分析各专业防护设计方法及技术措施;最后基于前述内容,提炼了该领域内关键技术问题,并对技术标准及相关技术措施提出了建议。本文提出的设计思路方法以及工程实例,可供目前国内类似工程规划设计借鉴参考。     

Trace metal behaviour in estuarine and riverine floodplain soils and sediments: a review

This paper reviews the factors affecting trace metal behaviour in estuarine and riverine floodplain soils and sediments. Spatial occurrence of processes affecting metal mobility and availability in floodplains are largely determined by the topography. At the oxic-anoxic interface and in the anoxic layers of floodplain soils, especially redox-sensitive processes occur, which mainly result in the inclusion of metals in precipitates or the dissolution of metal-containing precipitates. Kinetics of these processes are of great importance for these soils as the location of the oxic-anoxic interface is subject to change due to fluctuating water table levels. Other important processes and factors affecting metal mobility in floodplain soils are adsorption/desorption processes, salinity, the presence of organic matter, sulphur and carbonates, pH and plant growth. Many authors report highly significant correlations between cation exchange capacity, clay or organic matter contents and metal contents in floodplain soils. Iron and manganese (hydr)oxides were found to be the main carriers for Cd, Zn and Ni under oxic conditions, whereas the organic fraction was most important for Cu. The mobility and availability of metals in a floodplain soil can be significantly reduced by the formation of metal sulphide precipitates under anoxic conditions. Ascending salinity in the flood water promotes metal desorption from the floodplain soil in the absence of sulphides, hence increases total metal concentrations in the water column. The net effect of the presence of organic matter can either be a decrease or an increase in metal mobility, whereas the presence of carbonates in calcareous floodplain soils or sediments constitutes an effective buffer against a pH decrease. Moreover, carbonates may also directly precipitate metals. Plants can affect the metal mobility in floodplain soils by oxidising their rhizosphere, taking up metals, excreting exudates and stimulating the activity of microbial symbionts in the rhizosphere.     

A study of the cycling of manganese and other elements in a seasonally anoxic lake, Rostherne Mere, U.K.

The vertical distribution of sulphate, dissolved sulphide, alkalinity, pH, total iron and manganese, Fe(II) and Mn(II) and humic substances was monitored for a year in a seasonally anoxic lake, Rostherne Mere, U.K. During summer stratification Mn(II), probably of sediment origin, accumulated in the hypolimnetic bottom waters to a concentration of 50μm. Release occurred in two stages and appeared to be related to the supply of organic material to the sediment. No ferrous iron or dissolved sulphide were detected in the water column, although they were measured in the interstitial waters of the sediment. Ferrous sulphide formation in the sediment controls the iron(II) and dissolved sulphide concentrations and so minimises the concentration gradients at the sediment-water interface. Electron acceptors other than oxygen are capable of oxidising ferrous and sulphide ions in the water column. pH and alkalinity were the only other chemical components to show appreciable variation with depth, reflecting the biological processes of photosynthesis, respiration and decomposition. Iron and humic substances simultaneously increased in the surface waters after a major flood indicating that they are both present in the solution in contact with the soils of the catchment.     

生态还是自然主义: 关于当代种植设计的简要回顾和一些思考

Nature is a cultural construct, and a symbolic form to our cultural landscape. It plays a critical role in the profession of Landscape Architecture, shaping both the practice in the constructed environment as well as the conception of landscape in Pedagogy. This article evaluates contemporary landscape architecture practice in the U.S. through the lens of planting design and ecological design approaches. This retrospect situates selected individuals and their practices in the field of landscape architecture in the past two decades, in parallel with the evolving ecological understanding. These individuals and their works demonstrate the changes in planting design and ecological thinking in the professional practice, and most importantly how these changes contribute to current ecological design methodologies, landscape aesthetics, and public perception of landscape. In addition, the article aims to illustrate a shifting conception of Nature over time and in different cultural context, in which different conceptions of Nature facilitate various approaches to addressing environmental issues. By situating in such context, the article hopes to provide a critical view of contemporary American landscape architecture practice and the current ecological agenda, in order to enable discussions regarding the professional practice in the future.     

Towards an ‘Integration Model’ of Planning Education Programmes in a European and International Context: The Contribution of Recent Greek Experience

The article investigates planning education programmes and attempts to re-orient them in the context of both an international ‘problematique’ in reforming planning education, and European Union directives about the creation of a common European space in higher education. First, the article reviews the international trends in changes and challenges in planning and planning education in the 21st century and proposes an ‘integration model’ of planning education programmes in a European and international context. Second, the article focuses on the development of planning studies in Greece. It presents their history and development as well as the institutional framework in which planning and planning education operate. It then analyses the Greek educational curricula in two ways: (1) a quantitative analysis classifying courses into different thematic areas and thereby, revealing the basic structure of the curricula; and (2) a qualitative analysis based on interviews with academic staff in charge of educational curricula and examining the content of courses, the adopted pedagogies and possible restrictions (e.g. human capital, institutional framework, etc.) in introducing effective planning curricula. Finally, the article proposes guidelines for re-orienting educational curricula in Greek schools of planning and draws out wider implications for planning studies in the wider European and international context.     

The study of terrestrial vertebrates of the Ob River basin

The paper describes the 300-year history of studying the terrestrial vertebrates in the Ob basin and the current state of researches into amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. We examine the role of the research centres in Western Siberia in studying the terrestrial vertebrates in the Ob basin, from the steppe in the south to the tundra in the north and the uplands of the Altai, Kuznetsky Alatau and Salair. We describe the degree of exploration of the terrestrial vertebrates in 11 Russian regions located in the area. The paper includes discussions of rare species, population, spatial distribution and man’s impact on the animals. We also indicate areas where there is insufficient study.     

Internal housing space standards in Italy and England

This monograph reports on a study comparing the regulation of internal housing space in Italy – since the introduction of broad, generic standards in 1975 – and in England, where there are no universal rules governing internal space. After tracing the evolution of standards in both countries from public health legislation in the late 19th century to specific building and urban codes in Italy today, and a range of standards applied to some social housing in England, it outlines the space characteristics of homes in the two countries, before drawing on a series on interviews with key built environment professionals in the cities of Turin and Manchester, to unpack the ‘conditions’ of space standard regulation in both countries. The purpose of the study has been to explore the politics, practicalities, acceptability and impact of internal space regulation in Italy and England, and to ask why regulatory standards in Italy seem more palatable than they are in England and Wales: the only remaining part of the EU where legal minimum space standard for residential development remain absent. Discussion also centres on how regulatory approaches to delivering housing quality compare with approaches based on local negotiation through planning, and how these are situated in the context of different market drivers, lending and planning cultures. Moving to a regulatory approach in England (with fixed space standards) may be problematic given that such a move would not address the market fundamentals – speculative production and investment consumption – that, alongside land supply constraints, determine the amount of space in homes. In this context, a more effective strategy might be to expose home buyers to more information on internal space, thus influencing market behaviour and thereafter, the types of homes built to supply future demand.     

甘肃临泽县地质灾害类型及特征

甘肃省张掖市临泽县是河西走廊地质灾害最为发育的县区之一。通过实地测量、调查评价和综合研究等手段,在概述县域自然地理条件及地质背景的基础上,县域内已有的地质灾害共30处,其中泥石流沟29条主要集中分布于祁连山和合黎山山前与走廊平原的过渡带,尤其是北部合黎山山前连片分布;崩塌1处为斜坡坡度65°的独山子崩塌。从地形条件、物质条件、降雨条件以及人类日益工程建设活动等方面研究表明,较大的沟床纵坡降比和流域面积、丰富的松散固体物质和短时间聚集的充足水源(多是有暴雨形成)是形成区内泥石流的基本条件。崩塌(不稳定斜坡)于公路沿线的人工开挖坡度大于60°的边坡地带。临泽县地质灾害具有不均匀性、突发性、周期性。该研究为县域地质灾害防灾减灾提供科学依据。     

中国绿道规划建设实践——从提级统筹到制度并轨

绿道在中国经过多年实践发展,在理论内涵、规划选线、综合效益等各方面都已有许多成果支撑.基于可公开获取的一系列文献资料,立足于绿道在中国各省市近20年的具体实践过程,梳理绿道在规划体系中的角色转变、在指标设置中的逐步细化和在管控上的落实方式,总结绿道实践在中国从提级统筹、常态认同到制度并轨3个阶段的发展变化,在展望绿道后...