上海虹桥地铁车站冷源的选型及应用

从虹桥枢纽中地铁的冷源入手,概述其采用集中供冷系统的必要性,介绍集中供冷主要设备的选型.阐述集中供冷系统的应用控制,为地面资源日趋紧张轨道交通冷源冷源设置提供必要的参考.     

辐射供暖、供冷系统冷热源的研究

探讨了以地热水、地下水、地热（土壤热）、太阳能、电锅炉、燃气锅炉作为辐射供暖、供冷系统的热源或冷源的可行性。     

某LNG接收站冷能用作区域供冷系统冷源探讨

设计了应用LNG冷能作为区域供冷冷源的系统流程。采用Aspen Plus流程模拟软件计算分析了某LNG接收站在设计工况下的可利用冷量。针对供冷对象分别为办公建筑和有自然冷源供冷的数据中心,分析了10种不同输送距离下,该区域供冷系统的经济性和环境效益。研究结果表明:当输送距离在20 km以内时,应用LNG冷能的区域供冷系统比传统分布式电制冷系统更节能减排,具有一定的环境效益;当输送距离为6 km时,用于办公建筑和有自然冷源供冷的数据中心的投资回收期分别为1.77年和0.43年;当输送距离为16 km时,用于办公建筑和有自然冷源供冷的数据中心的投资回收期分别为12.86年和3.15年。     

外融冰-冰蓄冷为冷源的区域供冷系统

讨论了区域供冷系统的概念,整体设计思想,以冰蓄冷为冷源区域供冷系统的现状,着重介绍了美国在这一领域发展情况,介绍了北京中关村制冷站的工艺设计流程、外融冰冰蓄冷系统的特点与控制策略.外融冰-冰蓄冷为冷源的区域供冷系统在国内首次实施应用,对我国的区域供冷和冰蓄冷技术会有很大的推进作用.     

上海地区土壤直接供冷技术应用效果实验研究

在土壤直接供冷系统实验平台上对系统各项参数进行了实测,研究该系统在上海地区使用效果。结果表明,单U管供水温度保持在20～22℃,单位埋管深度供冷量为21.7 W/m;通过调节开启井口数量将室内温度控制在舒适范围条件下,系统每小时耗电量仅0.17 kW.h,能效比达到10以上;实验系统仅处理显热负荷,长期运行对土壤温度影响小,缓解热堆积现象。但系统除湿能力差。     

区域供冷系统的技术与经济性分析

探讨了区域供冷系统的应用条件,要有足够的地方建设制冷机房及允许敷设冷水输送管道,区域内建筑冷负荷密度及年冷负荷较大。结合工程实例,对区域供冷系统的经济性进行了分析。对于气候炎热地区的新建小区,区域供冷系统的经济性优于传统的集中式空调系统。以电制冷主机 蒸汽吸收式制冷主机作为冷源的方案的经济性优于单纯以电制冷主机作为冷源的方案。     

风冷冷却塔冬季供冷的实例研究

以北京地区某计量实验室空调系统进行冷却塔供冷技术改造为例,对实际供冷运行情况进行分析和研究,结果表明风冷冷却塔供冷方案既能满足实验室(20±0.5)℃控温要求,又能实现在冬季利用室外空气的自然冷源,解决了原空调系统压缩机在冬季频繁启动以及低温时无法正常运行的问题,节约了能源。     

改造区域供热系统为区域供热与供冷联合系统

本文阐述了应用吸收式制冷机为冷源的区域供冷系统的优势与前景，介绍了目前世界最大的区域供热供冷系统－韩国汉城区域供热供冷联合系统及其设计得芬兰埃柯诺能源有限公司。根据汉城系统的设计与运行经验，提出了设计建设区域供热供冷联合系统时应考虑的一些重要内容。介绍了先进的适用于低温区域供热系统的新型低温热水溴化锂制冷技术，该技术应用８０℃热水驱动制冷机组，不仅可实现较高的ＣＯＰ值而且可使回水温度降至５５℃以下     

低温区域供冷技术在商务建筑群中应用

通过对某商务建筑群区域供冷站的介绍,对于适合区域供冷形式的蓄冰方式进行了探讨,并对该系统采用的双蒸发器螺杆主机的节能特点与常规冰蓄冷主机进行了比较分析。为今后大型区域供冷系统冷源的建设引入了新的思路。对于提高区域供冷空调系统运行效率,节约用户建筑空间,进而更好地实现区域供冷形式的节能效应具有一定的参考价值。     

区域供冷系统能耗分析

针对区域供冷系统存在的能耗问题,通过对日本两个典型区域供冷项目具体案例的深入分析,指出其能耗水平,结合国内典型公共建筑分散供冷供暖系统的能耗数据,指出区域供冷高能耗的根源所在.在分析了国外一些成功区域供冷案例的成功之处后,进一步指出区域供冷遇到的各种问题,认为区域供冷系统节能的前提条件是具备高密度的冷负荷用户和足够量的廉价天然冷源.     

不同冷却方式对太阳能光伏组件发电性能分析

目前,对光伏组件(PV组件)和光伏光热组件(PV/T组件)所进行的相关研究都是对单一组件、单一方式进行的研究,缺少不同冷却方式系统性的研究。针对该现状建立铜管水降温PV/T系统与表面水降温PV系统并对其进行实验和理论模拟研究,选择同样材质、同等规格和相同倾角固定的追踪式光伏TPV系统作为参照对象。结果表明,铜管水降温TPV系统和表面水降温PV系统与固定倾角TPV系统相比电池转换效率分别提高0.3%和3%,从而证明表面水降温PV系统不但能定期除尘且具有很好的降温作用,可提高电池转换效率。     

Innovative low-energy evaporative cooling system for buildings: study of the porous evaporator wall

To face the current increase of building cooling demand and the concerns related to climate changes, an energy-efficient evaporative cooling system using porous material has been developed. This article presents the innovative cooling system and a detailed hygrothermal analysis of its main element: the porous evaporator. A mathematical model and an experimental set-up are presented, which enable to determine the suitable material properties for the evaporator and its impact on the overall cooling system performance, focusing on the optimal use of both energy and water. A good agreement is observed between numerical and experimental results, and the evaporative cooling power is estimated from 12 to 72?W/m² of evaporator wall, depending on the evaporator characteristics. A parametric analysis is conducted to select the best material for the evaporative cooling system. An intrinsic permeability of the material of 4?×?10^?17?m² is recommended for this new cooling system.     

冷却塔式复合地源热泵系统控制方法探讨

在夏热冬冷地区,传统式单独运行的地埋管式地源热泵在夏季对土壤的蓄热量大于在冬季的取热量,常年运行会造成土壤热失衡及热泵机组运行效率降低的情况。冷却塔式复合地源热泵系统可利用冷却塔辅助散热,通过分析其组成结构、工作原理和分类特点,确认控制温差和调节冷却塔运行时间等方法可改善热泵运行的工作效率,保持地埋管附近土壤的热平衡,同时在降低热泵机组初投资、运行维护费用,以及减少占地面积等方面优势明显。     

Experimental investigation of an innovative low electricity consumption air cooling system for small building application

This paper investigates the development of a low cost air cooling system used for small scale applications. Its operation is based on the rational and efficient use of energy available in conventional freezers, used for other purposes than air conditioning, to cool small areas. In this paper, the proposed air cooling system is applied to small kiosk prototype (called “periptero”), found very often in the streets of Greek cities and villages, used to sell goods to people. The proposed air cooling system is using the low temperature air inside the freezers to cool the air inside the kiosk and provide a better living environment for the owner, particularly during summer period. The basic principle of the system operation and the experimental installation will be described and the experimental results will be presented and discussed.     

基于冷却塔辅助换热的地源热泵空调设计探讨

本文结合工程实例,探讨了采用冷却塔作为辅助换热设备的地源热泵空调系统设计方法,并从空调负荷计算、地源热泵主机选型,土壤换热系统设计,冷却塔选型以及冷却塔的运行策略等方面介绍了该地源热泵空调系统的设计思路,以期为以后的地源热泵空调系统设计提供参考。     

Application of radiant cooling as a passive cooling option in hot humid climate

In hot and humid region, air-conditioning is increasingly used to attain thermal comfort. Air-conditioning is highly energy intensive and it is desirable to develop alternative low-energy means to achieve comfort. In a previous experimental investigation using a room equipped with radiant cooling panel, it was found that cooling water kept to 25 °C could be used to attain thermal comfort under some situations, while water at such temperature would not cause condensation of moisture from air on the panel. This paper reports results of a series of whole-year simulations using TRNSYS computer code on applications of radiant cooling to a room model that represents the actual experimental room. Admitting the inability of radiant cooling to accept latent load, chilled water at 10 °C was supplied to cooling coil to precool ventilation air while water cooled by cooling tower was used for radiant cooling in daytime application. For night-time, cooling water from cooling tower supplied for radiant cooling was found to be sufficient to achieve thermal comfort. Such applications are considered to be more amenable to residential houses.     

Investigation of a hybrid system of nocturnal radiative cooling and direct evaporative cooling

In this paper, the results of a study on a hybrid system of nocturnal radiative cooling, cooling coil, and direct evaporative cooling in Tehran have been discussed. During a night, the nocturnal radiative cooling provides required chilled water for a cooling coil unit. The cold water is stored in a storage tank. During eight working hours of the next day, hot outdoor air is pre-cooled by means of the cooling coil unit and then it enters a direct evaporative cooling unit. In this period, temperature variation of the conditioned air is investigated. This hybrid system complements direct evaporative cooling as if it consumes low energy to provide cold water and is able to fulfill the comfort condition whereas direct evaporative alone is not able to provide summer comfort condition. The results obtained demonstrate that overall effectiveness of hybrid system is more than 100%. Thus, this environmentally clean and energy efficient system can be considered as an alternative to the mechanical vapor compression systems.     

再循环蒸发冷却中再循环风量的实验研究

介绍了一种再循环蒸发冷却技术,其原理是利用一部分经间接冷却处理的空气作为二次空气直接蒸发制取冷水,用冷水反过来间接冷却室外空气。搭建了相应的实验台,针对夏季实际工况条件,实验研究了再循环风量比例对蒸发冷却效率的影响,给出了合适的再循环风量范围。     

Energy saving potential of an indirect evaporative cooler as a pre-cooling unit for mechanical cooling systems in Iran

The performance of indirect evaporative cooling system (IEC) to pre-cool air for a conventional mechanical cooling system has been investigated for four cities of Iran. For this purpose, a combined experimental setup consisting of an IEC unit followed by a packaged unit air conditioner (PUA) was designed, constructed and tested. Two air simulators were designed and used to simulate indoor heating load and outdoor design conditions. Using of experimental data and an appropriate analytical method, the performance and energy reduction capability of combined system has been evaluated through the cooling season. The results indicate IEC can reduce cooling load up to 75% during cooling seasons. Also, 55% reduction in electrical energy consumption of PUA can be obtained.